Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Building Embankments Of Fly/Bottom Ash Mixtures, Ahmed M.K. Karim, C. W. Lovell, Rodrigo Salgado

JTRP Technical Reports

This research investigates the engineering properties of mixtures of bottom ash and Class F fly ash relevant to their utilization in highway embankment construction. The research included ash samples from two major power plants in Indiana that disposed of their ash differently. The first power plant disposes of the bottom ash and fly ash separately and hence explicit mixtures were synthetically formed and tested. The second power plant disposes of the bottom ash and fly ash together in a common location and hence they become homogeneous samples for the research. Characterization of the ash included grain size analysis, specific gravity, …

Freeway Incident Likelihood Prediction And Response Decision-Making, Samer Madanat, Hongyu Pan, Pen-Chi Liu, Hualiang Teng

JTRP Technical Reports

This research project consisted of two parts. The first part developed a set of real-time incident likelihood prediction models. The second part developed a freeway incident response decision-making methodology based on sequential hypothesis testing methods. The freeway incident likelihoods predicted by the real-time prediction models act as prior probabilities for the freeway incident response decision-making system. The products of this research project will be incorporated in the Advanced Traffic Management System that is being implemented on the Borman Expressway, a 16-mile segment of I-80 in northwest Indiana. The decision-making system can be used by traffic management personnel to assist in …

Minimum Crushed Aggregate Requirements, Haiming Huang, Thomas D. White

JTRP Technical Reports

An accelerated pavement testing facility has been developed by Purdue University for the Indiana Department of Transportation. The test facility includes a test pit in which prototype scale pavement sections can be installed. The Accelerated Pavement Tester loading system has the capability of applying moving wheel loads to the test sections. An initial study utilizing the accelerated pavement test facility has been conducted at Purdue University to determine the minimum crushed aggregate requirements in asphalt mixtures in Indiana. This study addresses effects of various constituents of the asphalt mixture on pavement rutting. The factors included in this study are aggregate …

Indot Multimedia Applications Prototype Development, Bob G. Mccullouch

JTRP Technical Reports

Multimedia technologies open a new data set for DOT organizations. By adding pictures, sounds, animation, and video, new computer applications can be developed that will bring many benefits. This project investigated the utilization of multimedia into DOT operations. Applications were developed in three different topical areas: Employee Information or Orientation, a Bridge Plan Reading course, and a Construction Equipment utilization prototype. The first two are fully developed implementable tools that will be utilized by INDOT. These developments provide insight into how multimedia can be a useful tool for training and providing performance support to DOT employees. Other tools can be …

An Evaluation Of The Cost Effectiveness Of The Hoosier Helper Program And Framework For The Design Of Its Optimal System Configuration, Phase 1, Steven P. Latoski, Raktim Pal, Kumares C. Sinha

JTRP Technical Reports

This research provides a benefit-cost analysis for each of two distinct Hoosier Helper operating scenarios: daytime patrol and 24-hour patrol. The computation of agency cost involves an aggregation of equivalent annual investment cost, employee salaries and fringe benefit, overhead cost, and maintenance cost for Hoosier Helper. The following components comprise the estimation of Hoosier Helper benefits: non-recurrent congestion delay savings, secondary crash reduction, and vehicle operating cost savings. The results of an analysis of over two thousand evaluations from motorists assisted by Hoosier Helper are also presented.

Prediction Models For Incident Clearance Time For Borman Expressway (Vol. 1; Vol. 2: 96/11), Samer Madanat, Ahmed Feroze

JTRP Technical Reports

This research consisted of two parts; this report is Volume 1 of 2 Volumes; Volume 2 is Report No. FHWA/IN/JHRP-9611. The first part developed a set of incident clearance time prediction models for the Borman Expressway. The second part consisted of modeling driver’s route choice behavior under the influence of advanced traveler information systems. Volume 1 of this report describes the incident clearance time prediction models for the Borman Expressway. The prediction of incident clearance time from these models can facilitate in efficient incident management and support traveler information systems. The products of this research project will be incorporated in …

Automating Field Data Collection In Maintenance Operations, Bob G. Mccullouch

JTRP Technical Reports

Field data collection and management in DOT organizations requires a considerable amount of resources in the form of personnel and management systems. Recent studies performed by the researcher revealed that an average of 30-50% of some field supervisory personnel's time is spent on processing field data paperwork. This is a considerable amount of time spent on an undesirable task and is taking these employees away from more important job duties. This project automated two maintenance field data collection functions. One was a Crew Day Card, which is a card used by a maintenance crew to document the activity performed. Information …

Moment-Rotation Relationship For Unified Auto-Stress Design Of Continuous-Span Bridge Beam And Girders, Donald W. White, J. A. Ramirez, Karl E. Barth

JTRP Technical Reports

This report summarizes the development and trial application of simplified moment-rotation relationships for inelastic design of continuous-span beam and girder bridges. The research described within involves the execution of a reasonably comprehensive set of finite element parametric studies to fill in knowledge gaps in the available experimental data pertaining to the hogging moment-plastic rotation behavior of steel and composite steel-concrete bridge girders. Based on these studies, relationships have been developed for the moment-plastic rotation behavior at the pier sections in these types of bridges. The moment-rotation model is validated against available experimental data, several focused new experimental tests, and current …

1997 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Study Of Side Ditch Liners For Highway Application, Anthony S. Calderon, Philippe L. Bourdeau

JTRP Technical Reports

Over the past few years, the INDOT new materials department has received numerous erosion control products (mostly geosynthetics) to evaluate as alternatives to riprap and concrete in ditch liners. Potential benefits include lower construction costs and better aesthetics over current products. Unfortunately, no specification, design methodology, or classification system currently exists for these erosion control blankets.

In this project's phase I, existing information and knowledge on erosion control materials used to line highway side drainage ditches were investigated. From the available technical1iterature (journal and conference publications, other DOTs specifications, manufacturer documentation, independent test laboratory test data), design methodologies, classification system, …

Testing Of Multi-Span Bridges With Full Span Precast Prestressed Concrete Panels (Phase 1), Robert J. Peterman, J. A. Ramirez

JTRP Technical Reports

The purpose of this study was to assess the behavior and durability of multi-span bridges constructed with full-span prestressed concrete form panels. The use of full-span prestressed concrete form panels for bridges with spans of 40 ft. or less is an economical method of construction due to the reduction of on-site formwork and labor required by alternate cast-in-place systems. In this research, a pair of two-span bridges utilizing full-span prestressed concrete form panels were fabricated and tested in the Karl H. Kettelhut Structural Engineering Laboratory at Purdue University. Time-dependent effects were monitored during the cast-in-place (CIP) concrete cure period of …

Development Of A Congestion Management System For Indiana, Robert K. Whitford, Jennifer L. Opsuth

JTRP Technical Reports

This study details a procedure used in determinng links with deficiencies. A procedure was developed by means of which congestion on raodways links can be identified as being congested will be subjected to a more detailed study to determine extent, duration, and severity of congestion. The procedure was developed by the use of the Highway C apacity Manual (HCM) and the Indiana Department of Transportation's (INDOT) Road Inventory Data Base.

An Electronic Surveillance And Control System For The Management Of Traffic On The Borman Expressway, Part Ii: Calibrating A Simulation Model, Mu-Han Wang, Michael J. Cassidy

JTRP Technical Reports

The purpose of this project was to calibrate a freeway simulation model to emulate traffic operating conditions on the Borman Expressway in Northwest Indiana. To replicate Borman operating conditions, the project adopted Integrated Traffic Simulation (INTRAS), a microscopic, stochastic freeway simulation model. Appropriate input data were developed on geometric, traffic and driver behavior information, based on physical measurements and other available data. The model was calibrated and statistical analysis were conducted to validate the accuracy of the results.

Automation Of Overweight Truck Permit Process For Michigan Trains, Robert K. Whitford, David P. Moffett

JTRP Technical Reports

Technical guidance was provided by Purdue University to the Indiana Department of Transportation regarding specific issues around automation of permit issuance for overweight and oversized vehicles on a specific piece of highway in Northwest Indiana. Supporting this guidance were four commentaries which were: 1. Functional Specification for Automation of Michigan Trains 2. Draft Commentary on Touch ToneTM/Voice Response System Security for Michigan Trains 3. Draft Commentary on Touch ToneTM/Voice Response System Vendor for Michigan Trains 4. Draft Commentary on Touch ToneTM/Voice Response System Auditability for Michigan Trains These are included as appendices to this report.

Bioremediation Treatability Studies For Soils Containing Herbicides, Chemicals, And Petroleum Products, Loring F. Nies, Matthew B. Mesarch

JTRP Technical Reports

Leaking underground storage tanks are widespread throughout the United States. It is estimated that there are 1.4 million underground gasoline storage tanks in the United States, with as many as 75,000 to 100,000 that may be leaking. In Indiana alone, more than 3,500 of the 15,000 registered underground storage tank facilities have reported leaks. Conventional remediation methods often involve pump-and-treat schemes for contaminated water, and excavation and burial of contaminated soil in hazardous waste landfills. These methods increase the risk of exposure to pollutants for workers and local residents. Furthermore, these methods merely involve the transfer of pollutants from one …

Analysis And Load Testing Of Two Steel Through Truss Bridges In Indiana, Brian Joseph Malone, Mark A. Heffron, J. A. Ramirez, Donald W. White

JTRP Technical Reports

Results of the load tests of two steel through truss bridges were used to evaluate the assumptions used by BARS for the rating of this type of bridge. Based on the results from this study it is recommended that the Indiana Department of Transportation use the load distribution factors in the 1994 LRFD Specifications in the rating of these bridges. This will imply replacing the load distribution factors currently in BARS. The implementation of the new distribution factors will result in a less conservative rating of the longitudinal beams in this type of bridge. The increase in the allowed moments …

Effective Scheduling Of Road And Bridge Closures: Phase 2, Kumares C. Sinha, Mithilesh K. Jha

JTRP Technical Reports

This research provides a study on work zone impact analysis. In case of multiple road closures, the network approach is used to find an effective scheduling such that the total user delay is reduced. A dynamic model for analyzing the work zone impact during the period when network is in transition state is also developed. A salient feature of the dynamic model is drives’ perception updating model, which incorporates availability and the quality of information as perceived by drivers.

Impact Analysis Of Vehicles On Ozone Generation In The Indianapolis Metropolitan Statistical Area, Robert Bertram Jacko, Ouattara Fatogoma

JTRP Technical Reports

Motor vehicles are one of the largest emitters of ground-level ozone precursors – volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NO1) – into the atmosphere. Consequently, the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 requires the implementation of transportation control measures in order to reduce ground-level ozone precursor emissions and alleviate the ozone air quality problems. This research investigates the relative effects of motor vehicle emissions of VOCs and NO1 on hourly average concentrations of ground level ozone in the Indiana Airshed Model (UAM-IV). The findings of the research study are presented. This includes the results of the data analyses leading …

Indot Constructability Multimedia System Working Module, Bob G. Mccullouch

JTRP Technical Reports

Constructability can be defined as incorporating knowledge into the design product or designing so it is easier to construct. Transportation facilities have suffered from this problem, with INDOT no exception. The most important feature of any constructability program is capturing field examples, commonly referred to as “lessons learned,” and archiving and retrieving them into future projects that are either similar or have similar conditions in order to eliminate or prevent the same mistakes from occurring again. A mechanism or tool that can perform this task would be a valuable asset for INDOT. A previous JHRP project title “An INDOT Lessons …

Laboratory Study On The Use Of Tire Shreds And Rubber-Sand In Backfilled And Reinforced Soil Applications, Andres Bernal, C. W. Lovell, Rodrigo Salgado

JTRP Technical Reports

Millions of scrap tires are discarded annually in the United States, the bulk of which are currently landfilled or stockpiled. This consumes valuable landfill space, or, if improperly disposed, creates a fire hazard and provides a prolific breeding ground for rats and mosquitoes. The use of tire shreds as lightweight fill material can sharply reduce the tire disposal problem. The present study, based on laboratory testing and numerical modeling examines the feasibility of incorporating tire shreds and rubber-sand mixtures as lightweight geomaterial in embankments and backfills. The growing interest in utilizing waste materials in civil engineering applications has opened the …

Borman Expressway Atms Equipment Evaluation, J. V. Krogmeier, Kumares C. Sinha, Michael P. Fitz, Srinivas Peeta, Shimon Y. Nof

JTRP Technical Reports

An Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) is under development in northern Indiana by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) in conjunction with Hughes Transportation Management Systems. The study area comprises a sixteen mile segment of the heavily used Borman Expressway and its associated corridor; beginning at the Indiana/Illinois border and stretching east to the Indiana Toll Road interchange. The most important operational problem on the Borman is non-recurrent congestion, arising primarily through accidents and stalled vehicles. In order to mitigate the significant bottleneck delay problems due to non-recurrent congestion, INDOT is developing an ATMS for real-time incident detection and response …

Estimating Statewide Trip Tables From Vehicle Classification Counts, James Yang, Jon D. Fricker

JTRP Technical Reports

Although a statewide trip table is an important ingredient in the statewide planning process, such information is difficult to obtain. The study described in this report investigated the applicability to the state-level problem of existing software developed to estimate trip tables in urban areas (or smaller) from link counts. Criteria that would form the basis for determining the applicability of any particular software package were developed. Packages such as The Highway Emulator (THE), PC-LINKOD, and Fast Matrix Calibration (FMC) were tested using small and medium sized networks. Because FMC performed the best on these tests, it was applied to the …

Environmental Bioassay Evaluation Of Foundry Waste Residuals, Kenneth Chad Bastian, James E. Alleman

JTRP Technical Reports

Although the constructive reuse of foundry residuals represents a decidedly beneficial goal with distinct economic and environmental benefits, potential end-users are nonetheless reluctant to use these residuals, given an inherent concern about potential unforeseen environmental liabilities. Results of foundry residual leachate characterization to date strongly suggest that many ferrous foundries are discarding sands whose quality is fully amenable to their future use with embankment construction and related high-volume highway development activities. In order to provide additional assurance as to the environmental impact of foundry residual reuse, the MicrotoxTM bioassay has been used to quantify the response of living organisms (e.g., …

Remediation Of Hazardous Effluent Emitted From Beneath Newly Constructed Road Systems And Clogging Of Underdrain Systems, Ronald Fred Wukasch, Adil Siddiqui

JTRP Technical Reports

The Indiana Department of Transportation uses recycled concrete pavement as aggregate for the construction of highways. The effluent from these pavements has a high pH. The high pH effluent can cause clogging of drains and vegetative kill around the outlet. This project looks into the source of the effluent water, its chemical composition and the approximate duration the problem can be expected to persist. The project also investigates possible methods for reduction of the problem in future installation. The approximate additional cost of these solutions and the problems associated with them are discussed as well.

Development Of A Procedure To Identify Aggregates For Bituminous Surfaces In Indiana, Douglas W. Bruner, Jung Chan Choi, Terry R. West

JTRP Technical Reports

Adequate friction resistance is needed to prevent pavement slipperiness and to allow vehicles to stop in a reasonable distance. In stone mastic asphalt surfaces, friction resistance is mainly a function of the interaction between the aggregates exposed at the road surface and the vehicle tires. Performance of the aggregate is reduced over time by wear and polishing as a consequence of vehicular traffic. In this research a method to investigate aggregate performance based on physical, chemical and petrographic factors has been evaluated. The objective was to develop a laboratory method to test Indiana dolomite, limestone, sandstone, and gravel aggregates to …

Using Pyrolized Carbon Black (Pcb) From Waste Tires In Asphalt Pavement (Part 2, Asphalt Binder), Yongdong Zeng, C. W. Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

Scrap tires derived from automobiles have become a large environmental problem in the United States. In this study, research is carried out to investigate the potential use of tire-derived pyrolyzed carbon black from scrap tires as an asphalt cement modifier. The asphalt cements used in this research were AC10 and AC20. Penetration and softening point tests were performed to obtain the consistency of the asphalt cements. The pyrolyzed carbon black, as provided by Wolf Industries, was combined with the asphalt cement in the following percentages; 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Penetration, softening point and ductility tests were performed to determine …

1996 Directory Of Indiana State, County, City And Town Officials Responsible For Road And Street Work, Herpicc

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Directory

Contact information for agency officials and employees responsible for Indiana’s local road infrastructure.

Sources, Measurements, And Effects Of Segregated Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement, Ronald. Christopher Williams, Gary R. Duncan, Thomas D. White

JTRP Technical Reports

There are several factors that lead to segregation. Segregation can occur during stockpiling and handling of aggregate and during mixing, storage, transport and lay down of the asphalt mixture. Sometimes segregation may result from a single source or from a combination of sources. Nondestructive test methods have been examined to determine their effectiveness in detecting segregation. These methods include thermal imaging, air penneability, nuclear moisture (asphalt) and density, and permittivity. Based on the effective of these technologies in a laboratory environment, the standard moisture/density nuclear gauge technology was field tested with a high degree of success. Use of four minute …

Use Of Coal Combustion Residues And Foundry Sands In Flowable Fill, Subnahmanya T. Bhat, C. W. Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the use of waste foundry sand in flowable fill. However, the concepts developed are applicable to flowable fills containing any type of sand. Even though the flowable fill is presently popular as a trench filling material, this study addresses a much broader perspective in order to be able to develop uses of this material in geotechnical applications. In this research, only green sands were taken. The fly ash used was class F type. Flowability, hardening characteristics and 28-day unconfined compressive strength are studied. A rational approach the mix design of flowable …

Wildflowers For Indiana Highways, Michael N. Dana, Ricky Darrell Kemery, Brian S. Boszor

JTRP Technical Reports

Questions concerning wildflower usage on Indiana highway rights-of-way were investigated. Native prairie wildflower seed quality was found to be highly variable among supply companies, species, and years. Less variability was found among “garden” wildflower species and suppliers. Direct seeding was found to be successful with six species of native prairie forbs: Butterfly Milkweed Asclepiads tuberose, Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa, New England Aster Aster novae-angliae, Pale-purple Coneflower Echinacea pallida, Gray-headed Coneflower Ratibido pinnota, Ironweed Vernonia fasciculosa. Five species of “garden” wildflowers performed well: Common Cosmos Cosmos bipinnatus, Yellow Cosmos Cosmos sulphureus, Cornflower Centaurea cyanus, Goldenwave Coreopsis sincioria, Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hiria. …