Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Use Of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (Rap) Under Superpave Specifications: A Regional Pooled Fund Project, Rebecca Mcdaniel, Hamid Soleymani, Ayesha Shah

JTRP Technical Reports

This regional pooled fund project was conducted to investigate the performance of Superpave asphalt mixtures incorporating RAP. This study was closely coordinated with a national study on the same topic (NCHRP 9-12, Incorporation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in the Superpave System). Specifically, this regional project looked at typical materials from the North Central United States to determine if the findings of NCHRP 9-12 were valid for Midwestern materials and to expand the NCHRP findings to include higher RAP contents.

Three RAP materials from Indiana, Michigan and Missouri were evaluated. Mixtures were designed and tested in the laboratory with each RAP, …

Virtual Weigh Station, John Gregory Green, Andrew P. Nichols, Ed Allen, Luke Nuber, Jose E. Thomaz, Darcy M. Bullock, Guy Boruff, Jay Wasson, Mark Newland

JTRP Technical Reports

Overweight trucks shorten highway life and indirectly increase the costs of maintaining roads. Improved methods for enforcement of commercial vehicle weight laws may increase the number of overweight vehicles caught, thereby prolonging highway life. Improved enforcement may also reduce the number of illegally operating vehicles. This report describes the concept of using existing INDOT Weigh-In-Motion equipment, a laptop computer, and wireless communication equipment, to develop a virtual weigh station screening tool. The Virtual Weigh Station screening tool developed in this project allows officers to read the weights of vehicles crossing WIM scales, in real time, in their patrol cars. Giving …

Performance-Related Specifications For Concrete Bridge Superstructures, Volume 2: High-Performance Concrete, J. Olek, Aijsing Lu, Xiuping Feng, Bryan Magee

JTRP Technical Reports

This is Volume 2 of the Final Report for the project titled “Performance-Related Specifications for Concrete-Bridge Superstructures” dealing with the topic of High-Performance Concrete (HPC). The investigation of high-performance concrete included the development of optimized concrete mixtures and identifying their performance characteristics related to durability for the purpose of using these characteristics in performance–related specifications in the state of Indiana. The research effort described in this report was divided in two phases. Phase I was focused on development of concrete mixtures optimized with respect to selected performance-related parameters. During this phase, ten optimum concrete mixes have been identified from 45 …

Fatigue Behavior Of Beam Diaphragm Connections With Intermittent Fillet Welds, Part I, Volume 2, Laboratory Fatigue Evaluation, Amy S. Barth, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

This report is the second of a two-part, three volume final report presenting the findings of the research work that was undertaken to evaluate the behavior of Indiana highway bridges with diaphragm members welded directly to the web of the primary beams and girders. Fatigue cracks have been observed at several bridges that utilize the welded diaphragm connection. The seriousness of the cracking and the corresponding potential risk on the integrity of the bridge superstructure were assessed. Inspection and repair guidelines for bridges with the welded diaphragm connections were also developed as part of the research effort. This volume presents …

Inspector's Job Guide, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

These guidelines are intended to cover the very basic duties of inspection by reference to key activities which must be supplemented by reference to contract documents, specifications, special provisions, instructional manuals, and guidance by the project engineer.

Counting Device Selection And Reliability: Synthesis Study, Srinivas Peeta, Pengchang Zhang

JTRP Technical Reports

Accuracy in traffic data detection is important for transportation operations and planning. Currently, inductive loop detectors are the most commonly used traffic counting devices in the field. New technologies are being developed to meet growing data counting and traffic surveillance needs. They include passive infrared, active infrared, passive magnetic, Doppler microwave, radar, passive acoustic, pulse and Doppler ultrasonic and video image processor. However, the relatively recent, but widespread, emergence of these technologies and the consequent sparseness in information on their performance characteristics preclude traffic agencies from making informed choices in the selection of traffic counting devices. This study performs a …

Fatigue Behavior Of Beam Diaphragm Connections With Intermittent Fillet Welds: Part Ii, Brittle Fracture Examination Of The I-64 Blue River Bridge, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

This report is the second of a two-part, three volume final report presenting the findings of the research work that was undertaken to evaluate the behavior of Indiana highway bridges with diaphragm members welded directly to the web of the primary beams and girders. Fatigue cracks have been observed at several bridges that utilize the welded diaphragm connection. The seriousness of the cracking and the corresponding potential risk on the integrity of the bridge superstructure were assessed. Inspection and repair guidelines for bridges with the welded diaphragm connections were also developed as part of the research effort. This volume presents …

Updating Procedures To Estimate And Forecast Vehicle-Miles Traveled, Jon D. Fricker, Raymond K. Kumapley

JTRP Technical Reports

Procedures developed for the estimation of Vehicle-Miles of Travel (VMT) have been fraught with problems of inaccuracy. Emphasis on environmental issues (air quality), as mandated by current regulations (CAAA, ISTEA-91, and TEA 21), requires State DOTs to accurately estimate travel on their highway infrastructure. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed, and subsequently modified, the Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) to assist in data collection and reporting. INDOT currently estimates VMT by a method that closely follows the HPMS method. Roads that are not on the state highway system (minor collectors, urban collectors and local) are not represented in the …

Influence Of Curing Conditions On Strength Properties And Maturity Development Of Concrete, Scott Andrew Newbolds, Jan Olek

JTRP Technical Reports

In this study, the results of both laboratory studies and a field study, conducted to evaluate the effects of different curing conditions on the strength properties and maturity development of pavement concrete, are presented. Further, a laboratory study was performed to evaluate the maturity concept in relation to the degree of hydration of cement. Concrete specimens, beams and cylinders, were prepared in the field study. The specimens in the field were cured in one of four curing conditions: lime bath, sandpit, air, or by temperature match curing. Specimens were tested for flexural strength and compressive strength, respectively. The temperature of …

Scour Monitoring Of Indiana Streams, Dennis A. Lyn, Thomas J. Cooper, Yong-Kon Yi, Rahul N. Sinha, A. Ramachandra Rao

JTRP Technical Reports

The project examines the survivability and reliability of fixed-in-place continuous scour monitors for possible use in Indiana streams. The report considers primarily the experience with a sonar device at the US52 crossing of the Wabash River. Although very large flow events did not occur over the project period, the device has survived a number of smaller events, and has operated continuously without failure due to physical damage. Further, the data obtained, after appropriate processing, were examined for their credibility in terms of their correlation with a hydrologic parameter, the stage. A reasonably strong correlation was found, suggesting that the recorded …

Sign Retroreflectivity Study, Austin Lyons Bischoff, Darcy M. Bullock

JTRP Technical Reports

Signing is a big yearly cost to state DOT’s in sign maintenance and replacement costs. In 2001 the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) replaced 14,930 signs at a cost of $1,067,931 and did maintenance work on 34,084 signs at a cost of $2,136,076. Recently, guidelines have been proposed by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for minimum retroreflectivity of traffic signs for state, county, and city roads in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the majority of the signs currently used by INDOT will meet the new minimum requirements proposed by the FHWA. In addition, …

Study Of The Performance Of Acoustic Barriers For Indiana Toll Roads, Sanghoon Suh, Luc Mongeau, J. Stuart Bolton

JTRP Technical Reports

The purpose of this study was to optimize the geometry and the acoustic properties of sound barriers for traffic noise applications. The approach consisted of developing and validating boundary element predictive models, which were subsequently exercised in order to refine the barrier characteristic and determine optimized configurations. The simple geometry of a circular disk was chosen to validate the boundary element model in the first part of this work. Experiments were performed in an anechoic chamber to validate the numerical model. Complex barrier geometries were then investigated to study the effects of geometry on sound barrier performance. Boundary element models …

The Examination Of Infra-Red Techniques For Inspection Of Steel Structures I & Ii, Vachirapun Trakulyingyong, Mark D. Bowman

JTRP Technical Reports

Infra-red thermography systems that have been developed over the last few years offer great potential to locate and discover flaws in steel highway bridge structures at a relatively early stage in their development. Under ideal conditions, the use of infra-red instrumentation should allow bridge inspection personnel to rapidly scan the structure and determine if a potential structural problem has developed. If a problem spot is located by the infra-red camera, then the trouble spot can be examined carefully to determine the need for corrective maintenance. The primary purpose of this research study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of …

Validation, Calibration, And Evaluation Of Its Technologies On The Borman Corridor, Srinivas Peeta, Pengchang Zhang, Raghubhushan K. Pasupathy

JTRP Technical Reports

This study develops an Internet-based remote on-line traffic control architecture for route guidance in large-scale traffic systems equipped with advanced information systems and sensors. It also proposes to use the Beowulf Cluster paradigm as an economical, flexible, and customizable computing architecture to generate supercomputing capabilities within the control architecture. The Beowulf Cluster provides the enabling environment to execute and coordinate the activities of the various modules that address real-time network route guidance, data transmission, calibration and fault tolerance. In the context of large-scale traffic systems, a Beowulf Cluster can be configured in centralized as well as decentralized on-line control architectures …

Worker Exposure To Airborne Contaminates When Using Waste Foundry Sand In The Construction Of Road Embankments, Waseem Afzal, Robert Bertram Jacko

JTRP Technical Reports

A section of road was constructed in Northeastern Indiana in the summer of 1996 using waste foundry sand as the embankment construction material. Initial testing on the waste sand had determined no detrimental health effects. However, it was observed during construction that once the sand had dried, tire-road interaction raised copious clouds of black dust. This led to worker concern regarding airborne silica and silicosis. This study aimed at determining whether the threat of overexposure to airborne crystalline silica existed in regard to Occupation Health and Safety Administration’s (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL). Experiments carried out at the Auburn Foundry …

Concrete Overlay As A Rehabilitation Option For Distressed Asphalt Pavements, Sudarshan Rajan, J. Olek

JTRP Technical Reports

Ultra-thin Whitetopping (UTW) involves placing a very thin concrete overlay 50 mm to 100 mm thick (2”-4”) on the milled surface of a distressed asphalt pavement. To investigate the performance of UTW placed over a flexible pavement subjected to slow and heavy moving wheel loads, whitetopping mixes were placed over a milled pavement surface in the Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) facility of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) Research Division in West Lafayette Indiana in the fall of 1999. The UTW installation experiment consisted of four test ‘lanes’ of two different thicknesses; each utilizing plain and fiber reinforced concrete. The …

2001 Bridge Sufficiency Rating Report For All Indiana Counties, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report contain information specific to the county of interest, plus summary tables relating information about all Indiana county bridge conditions and funding levels.

2001 Summary Of Highway Revenues, Distributions, & Expenses For Indiana Counties, Cities, & Towns, John Habermann

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides information on revenues, distributions, and expenses of state and local governments for highway, road, and street work. Since the Motor Vehicle Highway (MVH) and Local Road and Street (LRS) Accounts are the principal source of funds for local road or street construction and maintenance operations, this summary may be used to see the trends in income sources and in the expenses charged to the funds prior to their being distributed to the highway, road, and street agencies.

Population Trends For Indiana Counties, Cities, And Towns 1970 – 2000, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report contains population figures and trends for the State of Indiana complied using data from the 2000 US Census. Business, industry, and local governments should find this information helpful with their planning.

Guide To Revenue Calculations: Local Option Highway User Tax, Jon D. Fricker

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This guide is provided to explain the output generated by the computer programs, and to suggest ways in which the results can be adapted to specific LOHUT proposals before a County Council. Indiana LTAP neither endorses nor opposes passage of a LOHUT. The revenue projections it provides are intended to be an aid to well-informed decision-making on the part of a county’s citizens and its County Council.

2001 Summary Of Road And Street Inventory Data For Indiana Lpa's For Adams County, In, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

This report provides roadway mileage summary information for each incorporated agency within Adams County as well as statewide summaries of mileage broken down by agency type, roadway functional classification, surface type, and federal-aid system for all local roads and streets within Indiana. The body of this report has been divided into three distinct sections: Reference Reports, Statewide Summary Reports, and County Specific Reports.

In Section l, Reference Reports, the statewide functional classifications, surface types, and federal-aid systems are given in three reports. These three reports serve as an overview of the possible functional classifications, surface types, or federal-aid systems, which …

Needs Assessment For Local Roads And Streets 2001, Indiana Ltap

Indiana Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) Publications

The objective of this study was to investigate the needs of and resources available to local public agencies to construct and maintain their transportation infrastructure. Components of the infrastructure included in this study are roads, bridges and culverts, traffic and traffic safety, and operational and administrative costs. The results of the study indicate there exists a significant shortfall in funding in most of these areas.

A Real-Time Offset Transitioning Algorithm For Coordinating Traffic Signals, Darcy M. Bullock, Montasir Abbas

JTRP Technical Reports

This report introduces an adaptive real-time offset transitioning algorithm that can be viewed as an integrated optimization approach designed to work with traditional coordinated-actuated systems. The Purdue Real-Time Offset Transitioning Algorithm for Coordinating Traffic Signals (PRO-TRACTS) adds to the controllers the ability to adaptively change their offsets in response to changes in traffic pattern, providing an intermediate solution between traditional coordinated-actuated control systems and adaptive control systems. To facilitate implementation, a new National Transportation Communication for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) object for capturing detector actuation at the controller’s level is defined in this report. The unique cycle-based tabulation of volume and …

Follow-Up Study To Fhwa/In/Jhrp-92/22: Development Of A Strategy For Compliance With Epa And Osha Regulations Applicable To Indot Facilities, Lynn A. Corson

JTRP Technical Reports

The objectives of this research were - 1. To assess the department’s progress at selected facilities toward minimizing, reducing, recycling, reusing, reclaiming and eliminating by-products of operations classified as hazardous, solid or special waste. The department’s progress toward modifying or eliminating (such as by contracting) operations or its use of alternate products to reduce potential environmental liability and associated costs will be examined, 2. To observe and analyze selected operations at a sample of facilities visited during the first study [March 1990 – November 1992] to identify where additional strengthening is needed. Additional facilities recommended by the department will also …

Real-Time Determination Of Soil Type, Water Content, And Density Using Electromagnetics, Vincent P. Drnevich, Chih-Ping Lin, Quanghee Yi, Janet Elaine Lovell

JTRP Technical Reports

The primary objective of this study was to explore the potential use of electromagnetic characteristics of soils using the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) technique to identify physical properties of soils. Three fundamental studies in this exploration are the frequencydependent electromagnetic properties of soils, the wave propagation in a TDR system, and the inverse analyses of TDR waveforms. The three-phase model for soils was extended to a four-phase model so as to account for the interface effect and hence the soil fineness. The physical parameters of the four-phase model are related to the frequency-dependent dielectric permitivity of the soil through a …

Development And Evaluation Of Cement-Based Materials For Repair Of Corrosion-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Slabs, Rongtang Liu, J. Olek

JTRP Technical Reports

In this study, the results of an extensive laboratory investigation conducted to evaluate the properties of concrete mixes used as patching materials to repair reinforced concrete slabs damaged by corrosion are reported. Seven special concrete mixes containing various combinations of chemical or mineral admixtures were developed and used as a patching material to improve the durability of the repaired slabs. Physical and mechanical properties of these mixes, such as compressive strength, static modulus of elasticity, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and shrinkage were evaluated. Durability-related parameters investigated included resistance of concrete to penetration of chloride ions and freeze-thaw resistance. The results …

Development Of A Procedure To Identify Aggregates For Bituminous Surfaces In Indiana, Terry R. West, Kyu H. Cho

JTRP Technical Reports

Adequate friction resistance is needed to prevent pavement slipperiness allowing vehicles to stop in a reasonable distance. For stone mastic asphalt surfaces, friction resistance is mainly a function of the interaction between the aggregates exposed at the road surface and vehicle tires. Aggregate performance is reduced with time by wear and polishing as a consequence of vehicular traffic. In this research a method to investigate performance based on physical, chemical and petrographic factors has been evaluated. The objective was to develop a laboratory method to test Indiana dolomite, limestone, sandstone, and gravel aggregates to predict friction resistance in the field …

Development Of Low Cost Retaining Walls For Indiana Highways, Philippe L. Bourdeau, Patrick J. Fox, David Joseph Runser, Jin-Pyo Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

Low-cost alternatives to traditional modular facing reinforced soil retaining walls were reviewed, on the basis of published data and information. Technological information, design methods and observed performance of segmental facing reinforced soil walls were used for this review. Guidelines are proposed for selection, design and construction of such retaining walls, within a limited range of conditions, in Indiana highway projects.

Evaluation And Policy For Bridge Deck Expansion Joints, Luh M. Chang, Yao-Jong Lee

JTRP Technical Reports

This report is an overview of the research that was performed for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) concerning the performance of bridge deck expansion joints. The purpose of the research is to evaluate several types of joints currently in use and also provides the evaluation criteria for rating the joint condition. The types of joints investigated are Compression Seal (B.S.) joint, Strip Seal (S.S.) joint, Integral Abutment Jointless (I.A.) joint, Poured Silicone (XJS) joint, and Polymer Modified Asphalt (LDI and PaveTech) joint. The research was performed by questionnaire surveys, Roadway Management data analysis, expert interviews, and site assessment. The …

Evaluation Of Zero Velocity Deicer Spreader And Salt Spreader, Tommy E. Nantung

JTRP Technical Reports

Increasing traffic volumes and declining resources have led to a need for innovative winter maintenance strategies, techniques, equipment and materials while not sacrificing the safety of the traveling public. Any reduction of salt usage will ease fund for other maintenance operations while minimizing salt runoff on surface and ground waters and effect of road salt on roadside vegetation. In the past, conventional spreaders have been designed for sand and are generally incapable of metering the lower, more precise amount of salt desired. The use of materials in solid form demands critical timing of the application to minimize loss of the …