Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Achieving Domestic Internationalization And Global Competence Through On-Campus Activities And Globally Responsive Education, Sanjay Tewari, Peng Zhang, Yuan Zhuang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on students and educators are well known. However, there is a paucity of literature available on its impact on educational institutions in the context of their abilities to develop global competence in the middle of an ongoing pandemic. The virtual communication and remote delivery of educational content have been a popular trend for many universities to adapt to the pandemic challenges and re-think their internationalization strategies.

The limited travel opportunities because of the pandemic have highlighted a big need for the domestic internationalization mechanism at educational institutions. In this paper, the authors discuss how …

Random Packing Material In Disinfection Contactors: Effects On Baffling And Energy Loss, Jessica L. Baker, Subhas K. Venayagamoorthy, Susan K. De Long

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the potential improvement in the hydraulic disinfection efficiency and the possible energy loss as a result of the presence of random packing material (RPM) in a laboratory-scale chlorine contactor. Tracer tests were conducted on a 55-gal drum tank filled with RPM in varying amounts in different configurations to measure the efficiency of each setup in terms of baffling factor (BF). The bulk pressure drop was measured to determine the energy loss for each configuration. The results of this study show that securing RPM near the inlet, in any amount, improves the BF by 300% to more than …

Erratum: Characterizing Permanent Deformation Of Alaskan Granular Base-Course Materials (Journal Of Materials In Civil Engineering Doi: 10.1061/(Asce)Mt.1943-5533.0002911), Jenny Liu, Xiong Zhang, Lin Li, Peng Li, Steve Saboundjian

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The writers would like to express their appreciation to the discusser for taking time to read this paper and provide his insightful viewpoint. The writers are in general agreement with the discusser's comments and this closure allows them to further clarify some of the statements in the original paper. Frost Heave and Change of Moisture Conditions after a Freezing Process The writers appreciate the discusser's further explanation and elaboration of results presented in Table 1 and Figs. 5 and 8. Permanent Deformation Modeling The writers agree with the discusser that the R2 values of Eqs. (2) – (4) in the …

Performance Evaluation Of A Multi-Rotor Unmanned Agricultural Aircraft System For Chemical Application, Hang Zhu, Hongze Li, Anderson P. Adam, Liujun Li, Lei Tian

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unmanned agricultural aircraft system (UAAS) has been widely employed as a low-cost and reliable method to apply agrochemicals to small agricultural fields in China. The performance of battery-powered multirotor UAAS has attracted considerable attention from manufacturers and researchers. The objective of this research was to design a UAAS equipping with a data acquisition system, to characterize its chemical application performance based on droplet deposition data and optimize the operating parameters. Each test was repeated three times to assess the reliability of the spraying system. Various flight parameters were also evaluated. The optimal spray pressure for the XR8001 and XR8002 (TeeJet, …

Early-Age Strength Of Co2 Cured Alkali-Activated Blast Furnace Slag Pastes, Yubin Jun, Seong Ho Han, Jae Hong Kim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The effect of CO₂ curing including pre-conditioning on alkali-activated slags, activated by different alkaline activators (NaOH, Na₂SiO₃, and KOH solution), is studied. While dry pre-conditioning before the CO₂ curing increases the strengths of all mixtures, the effect of pre-conditioning time is dependent on the alkali activator used to produce samples. The CO₃-bearing reaction product in samples also depends on the alkali activator. Gaylussite, pirssonite, hydrotalcite, and calcite are observed in the NaOH activator, and calcite, hydrotalcite, and C₄AcH₁₁ are detected in the NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ (9:1) …

Fiber Optic Sensor Based Corrosion Assessment In Reinforced Concrete Members, Genda Chen

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

In this 50-minute lecture, the fundamental concepts of fiber optic sensors for both distributed and point corrosion measurements are reviewed. For the distributed monitoring of a line bridge component such as steel reinforced girders, Brillouin scattering and fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) can be coupled to measure both temperature and radial strain as an indirect indicator of corrosion process. For the point monitoring of steel structures, long period fiber gratings (LPFG) are specially designed for a direct measurement of mass loss or the loss in cross sectional area of the component. In particular, a Fe-C coated LPFG sensor is introduced for …

Case Studies Of Problematic Expansive Soils: Characterization Challenges, Innovative Stabilization Designs, And Novel Monitoring Methods, Anand J. Puppala

Abbett Distinguished Seminar Series

This presentation describes key research works on expansive soils, the methods employed to characterize them, and fallacies in the current characterization of expansive soils. Novel swell characterization models that account for hydro, chemical, and mechanical behaviors of soils are introduced and used in various case studies to improve expansive soil stabilization practices. An innovative design method for successful stabilization of expansive soil is introduced in one case study which incorporated both basic clay mineralogy and unsaturated soil behaviors, as well as performance-based durability studies. Sulfate soil stabilization works on medium-to-high sulfate soils are presented in another case study. The last …

Investigating The Relationship Between The Fatigue Cracking Resistance And Thermal Characteristics Of Asphalt Binders Extracted From Field Mixes Containing Recycled Materials, Eslam Deef-Allah, Magdy Abdelrahman

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt components have a significant contribution to the fatigue cracking resistance of asphalt mixes. Softer asphalt binders, characterized through the Superpave grading system, resist fatigue cracking more than stiffer binders. During the long-term aging, the binders’ components changed from lower- to higher-molecular-weight constituents that increased binders’ stiffnesses. Using recycled materials in the mixes increases the stiffnesses of the binders inside these mixes by altering the binders’ components. The binders were extracted and recovered (E & R) from field mixes containing different percentages of recycled materials [reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles] and binders’ performance grades. The fatigue resistance …

Influence Of Seawater On Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete, Yubin Jun, Jae Hong Kim, Seong Ho Han, Taewan Kim

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study examines the use of natural seawater as mixing water for alkali-activated slag concrete and reports the characteristics of alkali-activated slag concrete with exposure to seawater. Preliminary experiments were conducted on pastes in order to measure pH and select optimum activator content under the experimental conditions. Wet-sieved pastes from fresh concrete were used to evaluate the mineralogical and microstructural characteristics of reaction products. Compressive strengths and chloride contents were measured with the hardened concrete samples. The activators used in alkali-activated slag concrete were sodium hydroxide (5% weight of slag) and liquid sodium silicate (5% weight of slag). The alkali-activated …

Aircraft Measurements Of Aerosol And Trace Gas Chemistry In The Eastern North Atlantic, Maria A. Zawadowicz, Kaitlyn Suski, Jiumeng Liu, Mikhail Pekour, Jerome Fast, Fan Mei, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Stephen Springston, Yang Wang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Aerosol and Cloud Experiment in the Eastern North Atlantic (ACE-ENA) investigated properties of aerosols and subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds. Low subtropical marine clouds can have a large effect on Earth s radiative budget, but they are poorly represented in global climate models. In order to understand their radiative effects, it is imperative to understand the composition and sources of the MBL cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The campaign consisted of two intensive operation periods (IOPs) (June-July 2017 and January-February 2018) during which an instrumented G-1 aircraft was deployed from Lajes Field on Terceira Island in the Azores, Portugal. …

Dilution Impacts On Smoke Aging: Evidence In Biomass Burning Observation Project (Bbop) Data, Anna L. Hodshire, Emily Ramnarine, Ali Akherati, Matthew L. Alvarado, Delphine K. Farmer, Shantanu H. Jathar, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Chantelle R. Lonsdale, Timothy B. Onasch, Stephen R. Springston, Jian Wang, Yang Wang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Biomass burning emits vapors and aerosols into the atmosphere that can rapidly evolve as smoke plumes travel downwind and dilute, affecting climate- and health-relevant properties of the smoke. To date, theory has been unable to explain observed variability in smoke evolution. Here, we use observational data from the Biomass Burning Observation Project (BBOP) field campaign and show that initial smoke organic aerosol mass concentrations can help predict changes in smoke aerosol aging markers, number concentration, and number mean diameter between 40-262 nm. Because initial field measurements of plumes are generally > 10 min downwind, smaller plumes will have already undergone substantial …

Semi-Annual Progress Report #8, Missouri University Of Science And Technology. Inspire - University Transportation Center

Semi-Annual Progress Reports

No abstract provided.

Encoding Time-Series Ground Motions As Images For Convolutional Neural Networks-Based Seismic Damage Evaluation, Xinzhe Yuan, Dustin Tanksley, Pu Jiao, Liujun Li, Genda Chen, Donald C. Wunsch

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Traditional methods for seismic damage evaluation require manual extractions of intensity measures (IMs) to properly represent the record-to-record variation of ground motions. Contemporary methods such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for time series classification and seismic damage evaluation face a challenge in training due to a huge task of ground-motion image encoding. Presently, no consensus has been reached on the understanding of the most suitable encoding technique and image size (width × height × channel) for CNN-based seismic damage evaluation. In this study, we propose and develop a new image encoding technique based on time-series segmentation (TS) to transform acceleration …

Credibility And Divination In The Age Of Reason, Jessi Schoolcraft

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Credibility is vital for comprehending the world around us. This is as true today as it was in the 18th century when Diderot and d'Alembert were producing France's first Encyclopédie. Translating articles from this body of knowledge provides insight into public perceptions of credibility. Designed to collect and share knowledge, the Encyclopédie required extensive collaboration among experts and editors. Article topics ranged from philosophy to the arts to physical science. What made these articles credible? Was it the oversight of well-known editors, the use of already verified sources, or the seal of approval from the State? Or was it a …

Establishment Of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems For Ecological Restoration In The Great Lakes Basin, Usa. Ii. New Clones Show Exceptional Promise, Andrej Pilipović, Ronald S. Zalesny, Elizabeth R. Rogers, Bernard G. Mcmahon, Neil D. Nelson, Joel Gerard Burken, Richard A. Hallett, Chung Ho Lin

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Poplar tree improvement strategies are needed to enhance ecosystem services’ provisioning and achieve phytoremediation objectives. We evaluated the establishment potential of new poplar clones developed at the University of Minnesota Duluth, Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) from sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds. We divided clones into Experimental (testing stage genotypes) and Common (commercial and/or research genotypes) clone groups and compared them with each other and each NRRI clone (NRRI group) at the phyto buffers. We tested for differences in clone …

Establishment Of Regional Phytoremediation Buffer Systems For Ecological Restoration In The Great Lakes Basin, Usa. I. Genotype X Environment Interactions, Ronald S. Zalesny, Andrej Pilipović, Elizabeth R. Rogers, Joel Gerard Burken, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phytorecurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal health. Mean first-, second-, and third-year volume ranged from 71 ± 26 to …

Human-Robot Collaboration For Effective Bridge Inspection In The Artificial Intelligence Era, Ruwen Qin

INSPIRE Archived Webinars

Advancements in sensor, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and robotic technologies have formed a foundation to enable a transformation from traditional engineering systems to complex adaptive systems. This paradigm shift will bring exciting changes to civil infrastructure systems and their builders, operators and managers. Funded by the INSPIRE University Transportation Center (UTC), Dr. Qin’s group investigated the holism of an AI-robot-inspector system for bridge inspection. Dr. Qin will discuss the need for close collaboration among the constituent components of the AI-robot-inspector system. In the workplace of bridge inspection using drones, the mobile robotic inspection platform rapidly collected big inspection video data that …

Measurement Report: Long-Range Transport Patterns Into The Tropical Northwest Pacific During The Camp²Ex Aircraft Campaign: Chemical Composition, Size Distributions, And The Impact Of Convection, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Ewan Crosbie, Michael Shook, Yang Wang, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The tropical Northwest Pacific (TNWP) is a receptor for pollution sources throughout Asia and is highly susceptible to climate change, making it imperative to understand long-range transport in this complex aerosol-meteorological environment. Measurements from the NASA Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP²Ex; 24 August to 5 October 2019) and back trajectories from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) were used to examine transport into the TNWP from the Maritime Continent (MC), peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA), East Asia (EA), and the West Pacific (WP). A mid-campaign monsoon shift on …

Development Of Design Tables For The Cold-Formed Steel Cross-Sections In Aisi D100, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This report with the tables in an Excel file intends to provide the local and distortional buckling strengths for the cross-sections provided in AISI Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual to aid design engineers.

Development Of Cufsm Hole Module And Design Tables For The Cold-Formed Steel Cross-Sections With Typical Web Holes In Aisi D100, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This report summarizes the effort to develop a simple hole module to perform elastic buckling analysis to obtain the design parameters needed for DSM considering the influence of holes. The hole module requires simple inputs and direct outputs of the elastic buckling information of the local and distortional buckling modes for both gross sections and sections with hole influences.

Review Of Testing By Analysis For Potential Implementation Into Aisi Standards, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

New product development is crucial to allow innovation in the cold-formed steel structural industry. However, the required physical testing of new components and assemblies are often a cost barrier which prevents implementation and slows new product development. Testing by analysis can be a good alternative to physical testing as it reduces the expense and time for performing physical experiments, however, two considerations are necessary to ensure accurate results. First, it requires a rational engineering analysis to calculate the capacities and deformations of the system, and the requirements to produce accurate analyses must be explicitly stated. Second, it is necessary to …

Steel Diaphragm Innovation Initiative, Year 5, Final Report, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

Summary

The Steel Diaphragm Innovation Initiative (SDII) is a multi-year industry-academic-government partnership to advance the seismic performance of steel floor and roof diaphragms utilized in steel buildings. This report provides a final report for Year 5 of the overall 5-year SDII plan. Contributions in the final 12 months (1 Jan. 2020 – 31 Dec. 2020) include the following highlights.

Innovation and Practice:

• Adoption in ASCE 7 of new provisions for bare steel deck including methods for buildings with rigid walls and flexible diaphragms, alternative diaphragm design with R_s, and special seismic detailing (following on from successful adoption in …

Tutorials For Mastan 2 And Related Validation, Committee On Specifications For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

This report creates the tutorials helping engineers to correctly model and analyze structural systems comprised of non-doubly symmetric sections using the latest version of MASTAN2. The report also validated a MASTAN2 model using non-doubly symmetric sections against results from a small test program. The following report and tutorials are provided:

AISI Small Project Summary – Tutorials for MASTAN2 and Related Validation

• Tutorial for MASTAN2 v5.1 - Introductory Frame
• Tutorial for MASTAN2 v5.1 - Pour Stop Beam
• Tutorial for MASTAN2 v5.1 - Steel Joist

Quantitative Evaluation Of Asphalt Binder Extraction From Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Using Ashing And Centrifuge Methods, Ahmed Hemida, Magdy Abdelrahman, Eslam Deef-Allah

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Asphalt binder requires more investigation to be accurately and precisely extracted since it is an effective procedure for quality assurance quality control (QA/QC) and subsequent binder characterization. In this research, the authors presented a hands-on experience with binder extraction to deliver recommendations concerning the sensitive steps that may affect the outcomes (extracted binder content, P_be%). Two mineral matter determination methods (ashing and centrifuge) were addressed based on the centrifuge extraction method. Field cores were investigated by comparing the P_be% to the actual binder content, P_ba%. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Post-Hoc statistical analyses, …

Impact Of Multiple Waves Of Covid-19 On Healthcare Networks In The United States, Emad M. Hassan, Hussam N. Mahmoud

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The risk of overwhelming hospitals from multiple waves of COVID-19 is yet to be quantified. Here, we investigate the impact of different scenarios of releasing strong measures implemented around the U.S. on COVID-19 hospitalized cases and the risk of overwhelming the hospitals while considering resources at the county level. We show that multiple waves might cause an unprecedented impact on the hospitals if an increasing number of the population becomes susceptible and/or if the various protective measures are discontinued. Furthermore, we explore the ability of different mitigation strategies in providing considerable relief to hospitals. The results can help planners, policymakers, …

Spectral Induced Polarization Study On Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitations: Influences Of Size And Content On Stiffness Of A Fine Sand, Bate Bate, Junnan Cao, Chi Zhang, Na Hao

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Heterogeneity in either chemically or microbiologically induced carbonate-based ground improvement methods is a major obstacle in engineering application. Spectral induced polarization (SIP), an innovative and nondestructive method, which has demonstrated promise in monitoring microbial activity, was used in this study to monitor enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP). The complex conductivities, together with the shear wave velocities (Vs), of an EICP modified sand were monitored using a self-developed spectral induced polarization–bender element column. The mean precipitate size was calculated by relaxation time (τ) and the Schwarz equation. The precipitate contents were calculated by cumulative gamma distribution function on the global polarization …

Final Report - Autonomous Wall-Climbing Robots For Inspection And Maintenance Of Concrete Bridges, Jizhong Xiao, Liang Yang, Jinglun Feng, Ejup Hoxha

Project AS-3

This project developed wall-climbing robots to carry non-destructive evaluation (NDE) devices for automatic data collection and surface/subsurface defect detection in concrete structures. By using simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), the robots can be located to allow for incremental 3D model reconstruction. An image dataset with pixel-level accuracy is collected and labeled to train a deep neural network (i.e., InspectionNet) with 12,000 iterations for each defect type. A ground penetrating radar (GPR)-based subsurface object detection method is proposed to implement visual inertial fusion for the estimation of the GPR pose, use a deep neural network module (i.e., DepthNet) to extract hyperbola …

Machine Learning Enables Prompt Prediction Of Hydration Kinetics Of Multicomponent Cementitious Systems, Jonathan Lapeyre, Taihao Han, Brooke Wiles, Hongyan Ma, Jie Huang, Gaurav Sant, Aditya Kumar

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Carbonaceous (e.g., limestone) and aluminosilicate (e.g., calcined clay) mineral additives are routinely used to partially replace ordinary portland cement in concrete to alleviate its energy impact and carbon footprint. These mineral additives—depending on their physicochemical characteristics—alter the hydration behavior of cement; which, in turn, affects the evolution of microstructure of concrete, as well as the development of its properties (e.g., compressive strength). Numerical, reaction-kinetics models—e.g., phase boundary nucleation-and-growth models; which are based partly on theoretically-derived kinetic mechanisms, and partly on assumptions—are unable to produce a priori prediction of hydration kinetics of cement; especially in multicomponent systems, wherein chemical interactions among …

T112, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘T’ series spreadsheets are the raw data of all tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information

Pf5, Pingxin Xia, Longtan Shao, Wen Deng

Stress-State Dependency of the Deformation Ratio of Quasi-Elastic Granular Soils under Cyclic Loading -- Raw Data

‘PS’ and ‘PF’ spreadsheets are the data of the prediction and calibration tests. (The data in this series are overall stress and strain information).

Supporting information