Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Revealing Bluff-Body Aerodynamics On Low-Rise Buildings Under Tornadic Winds Using Numerical Laboratory Tornado Simulator, Ryan Honerkamp, Guirong Grace Yan, John Van De Lindt

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Tornadoes result in death and property loss in communities around the world. To quantify the actions of tornadoes on civil structures, researchers have built physical laboratory tornado simulators to simulate tornadoes in the lab environment and tested building models in the simulated tornadic wind field, which is similar to wind tunnel testing when quantifying the wind effects induced by straight-line winds. Unfortunately, physical tornado simulators are much less common than straight-line wind tunnels, leading to the lack of research on bluff-body aerodynamics on civil structures under tornadic winds. Considering that it is expensive to conduct experimental testing in physical tornado …

Bc-Dunet-Based Segmentation Of Fine Cracks In Bridges Under A Complex Background, Tao Liu, Liangji Zhang, Guoxiong Zhou, Weiwei Cai, Chuang Cai, Liujun Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Crack is the external expression form of potential safety risks in bridge construction. Currently, automatic detection and segmentation of bridge cracks remains the top priority of civil engineers. With the development of image segmentation techniques based on convolutional neural networks, new opportunities emerge in bridge crack detection. Traditional bridge crack detection methods are vulnerable to complex background and small cracks, which is difficult to achieve effective segmentation. This study presents a bridge crack segmentation method based on a densely connected U-Net network (BC-DUnet) with a background elimination module and cross-attention mechanism. First, a dense connected feature extraction model (DCFEM) integrating …

Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Urban Road Congestion During And Post Covid-19 Pandemic In Shanghai, China, Pengfei Xu, Weifeng Li, Xianbiao Hu, Hangbin Wu, Jian Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious global health crises in decades and tremendously influence the human mobility. Many residents changed their travel behavior during and after the pandemic, especially for a certain percentage of public transport users who chose to drive their owned vehicles. Thus, urban roadway congestion has been getting worse, and the spatiotemporal congestion patterns has changed significantly. Understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban roadway congestion during and post the pandemic is essential for mobility management. In this study, an analytical framework was proposed to investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban roadway congestion in …

A Case Study Of Community-Engaged Design: Creating Parametric Insurance To Meet The Safety Needs Of Fisherfolk In The Caribbean, Daniel B. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The creation of the Caribbean Ocean and Aquaculture Sustainability faciliTy (COAST) is used as a case study of community-engaged design addressing safety needs. COAST is a parametric insurance product, sold to national governments, which was designed to meet the food and nutrition security of small- and medium-scale fisherfolk. The design of COAST is an example of convergence research, where the discipline of engineering was integrated with another discipline to solve pressing societal needs of Caribbean fisherfolk. This case study demonstrates that community-engaged design helps to (1) identify and include historically underrepresented stakeholders, (2) emphasize the importance of professional responsibility for …

Solving The Negative Earnings Dilemma Of Multistage Bidding In Public Construction And Infrastructure Projects: A Game Theory-Based Approach, Muaz O. Ahmed, Islam H. El-Adaway, Kalyn T. Coatney

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With the tremendous increase in spending on public projects, contractors need to employ efficient and effective bidding strategies to cope with the competitive bidding environment. Usually, general contractors carry a portion of the work and subcontract other parts to eventually submit a holistic joint bid. This bidding setting is referred to as multistage bidding where subcontractors submit their quotations/bids to the general contractor, after which the general contractor submits a final joint bid for the whole project. In a multistage bidding environment, general contractors may be faced with an increase in the probability of negative or below normal profits. Despite …

Understanding Effects Of Permafrost Degradation And Coastal Erosion On Civil Infrastructure In Arctic Coastal Villages: A Community Survey And Knowledge Co-Production, Min Liew, Ming Xiao, Louise Farquharson, Dmitry Nicolsky, Anne Jensen, Vladimir Romanovsky, Jana Peirce, Lilian Alessa, Christopher Mccomb, Xiong Zhang, Benjamin Jones

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents the results of a community survey that was designed to better under-stand the effects of permafrost degradation and coastal erosion on civil infrastructure. Observations were collected from residents in four Arctic coastal communities: Point Lay, Wainwright, Utqiaġvik, and Kaktovik. All four communities are underlain by continuous ice-rich permafrost with varying degrees of degradation and coastal erosion. The types, locations, and periods of observed permafrost thaw and coastal erosion were elicited. Survey participants also reported the types of civil infrastructure being affected by permafrost degradation and coastal erosion and any damage to residential buildings. Most survey participants reported …

Spatiotemporal Analysis Of Urban Road Congestion During And Post Covid-19 Pandemic In Shanghai, China, Pengfei Xu, Weifeng Li, Xianbiao Hu, Hangbin Wu, Jian Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious global health crises in decades and tremendously influence the human mobility. Many residents changed their travel behavior during and after the pandemic, especially for a certain percentage of public transport users who chose to drive their owned vehicles. Thus, urban roadway congestion has been getting worse, and the spatiotemporal congestion patterns has changed significantly. Understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban roadway congestion during and post the pandemic is essential for mobility management. In this study, an analytical framework was proposed to investigate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of urban roadway congestion in …

Design, Dynamic Performance And Ecological Efficiency Of Fiber-Reinforced Mortars With Different Binder Systems: Ordinary Portland Cement, Limestone Calcined Clay Cement And Alkali-Activated Slag, Wu Jian Long, Zhuorui Wu, Kamal Khayat, Jingjie Wei, Biqin Dong, Feng Xing, Jinrui Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamic mechanical properties and ecological efficiency of cement-based composites are of vital importance to the development of green building materials and dynamic loadings resistance. In this study, the dynamic mechanical properties, ecological and economic efficiency of fiber-reinforced mortars (FRMs) made with different binder systems, including ordinary Portland cement (OPC), limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), and alkali-activated slag (AAS), were compared. In addition, different rheological parameters were designed to evaluate the dynamic mechanical properties of FRMs. The fiber pull-out testing, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) testing, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to reveal the difference in the dynamic mechanical properties of …

The Effect Of Sodium Polymethacrylate On The Rheology Of The Positive Paste And Performance Of The Lead-Acid Battery, Julian Kosacki, Dimitri Feys, Fatih Dogan

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Dynamical Properties Of Environmental High-Performance Composites With Calcined Clay, Jingjie Wei, Wu Jian Long, Kamal Khayat, Biqin Dong, Liu Mei, Feng Xing

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Concrete structures may be exposed to dynamic loadings within short periods such as earthquakes and vehicles load, resulting in substantial damage to human life and property because of the collapse of concrete structures. The research achievements on dynamic properties of high-performance composites with LC3 (HPC-LC3) are limited, although dynamic loadings are commonly encountered in infrastructure. The study aims to develop a new-green concrete product (HPC-LC3) with high dynamical properties and promote its mass use in a vibration service environment by investigating dynamical properties of HPC-LC3. Dynamical properties of structure can be promoted at material level by means of enhancing the …

Setting Times Of Early-Age Mortars Determined From Evolution Curves Of Poisson’S Ratio, Bate Bate, Xiao Chen, Chao Chen, Hongyan Ma, Jianfeng Zhu, Junnan Cao, Jiakai Chen, Kamal Khayat, Shuai Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Setting times, as the early-age properties of cement-based materials, are important properties to ensure the quality and long-term performance of engineering structures. To determine the initial and final setting times of cementitious materials, the compressive wave velocity and shear wave velocity of six early-age mortar samples were monitored. Their time evolution curves of Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio were then calculated and analyzed. The signature times of the derivatives of the Poisson's ratio evolution curves correlate well with the initial and final setting times, and the remarkably high coefficient of determination values relative to the data …

Water Film Depth Prediction Model For Highly Textured Pavement Surface Drainage, Alireza Pourhassan, Ahmed A. Gheni, Mohamed Elgawady

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Water film depth (WFD) is an important factor for road traffic safety because of its direct connection with skid resistance, hydroplaning speed, and the tendency of splash and spray. Increasing the pavement macrotexture reduces WFD. However, existing models for WFD prediction have not been developed on highly textured surfaces such as chip seal. Furthermore, the rainfall intensities used for developing most of these models were relatively low, leaving no or low WFD on chip seal surfaces. To propose a WFD prediction model suitable for highly textured surfaces and to consider the effect of surface material type, an experimental study was …

Setting Times Of Early-Age Mortars Determined From Evolution Curves Of Poisson’S Ratio, Bate Bate, Xiao Chen, Chao Chen, Hongyan Ma, Jianfeng Zhu, Junnan Cao, Jiakai Chen, Kamal Khayat, Shuai Zhang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Setting times, as the early-age properties of cement-based materials, are important properties to ensure the quality and long-term performance of engineering structures. To determine the initial and final setting times of cementitious materials, the compressive wave velocity and shear wave velocity of six early-age mortar samples were monitored. Their time evolution curves of Young's modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, and Poisson's ratio were then calculated and analyzed. The signature times of the derivatives of the Poisson's ratio evolution curves correlate well with the initial and final setting times, and the remarkably high coefficient of determination values relative to the data …

Novel Tri-Viscous Model To Simulate Pumping Of Flowable Concrete Through Characterization Of Lubrication Layer And Plug Zones, Tooran Tavangar, Masoud Hosseinpoor, Ammar Yahia, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to simulate the pipe flow of 18 self-consolidating and four highly workable concrete mixtures in a 30-m long pumping circuit. Pressure loss (ΔP) in 100- and 125-mm diameter (DP) pipelines was measured under low (1.2–6.2 l/s) and high (8.1–16.4 l/s) flow rates (Q). The numerical simulation was successfully carried out using a two-fluid model and a new variable-viscosity single-fluid approach, namely double-Bingham and tri-viscous models, respectively. The radial variation of rheological properties of the concrete across the pipe section, representing the plug flow, sheared concrete, and lubrication layer (LL) zones was …

Developing Mix Proportions For Class C Fly Ash-Based Alkali-Activated 3d-Printed Concrete Mixtures, Fareh Abudawaba, Eslam Gomaa, Ahmed Gheni, Mohamed Elgawady

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigated the use of class C fly ash (FA) as a precursor for alkali-activated mortar (AAM) for 3D-printed concrete (3DPC). AAMs with different water-to-FA (W/FA), alkaline activator-to-FA (Alk/FA), and sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide (SS/SH) ratios were examined to develop mixtures that can be tailored for different structural applications of 3DPC. The fresh properties, including extrudability and buildability, were evaluated through the open time (OT) and immediate deformation tests, respectively. Different cycle times (CTs) were applied to achieve a strain limit state necessary to maintain the printed shape. The strength of AAMs in different directions at different CTs was examined. …

Viscosity Modifying Agents: Key Components Of Advanced Cement-Based Materials With Adapted Rheology, Hela Bessaies-Bey, Kamal Khayat, Marta Palacios, Wolfram Schmidt, Nicolas Roussel

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Viscosity modifying agents (VMAs) are essential ingredients for the production of flowable cement-based materials. This paper presents an overview of commonly used VMAs and attempts to shed some light on the underlying physics at the origin of their mechanisms of action. The main molecular parameters of VMA controlling the rheological properties of the cement pore solution are highlighted. As the mechanisms of action of VMAs in cement-based materials are closely related to their affinity with the surface of cement particles, the adsorption of the main VMA types is discussed. The effect of VMAs on flow properties and stability of cement-based …

Management Of Change Orders In Infrastructure Transportation Projects, Rayan H. Assaad, Muaz O. Ahmed, Islam H. El-Adaway, Pramen P. Shrestha

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) will handle many upcoming projects due to the recent statewide infrastructure strategic plan and the fast-track efforts affecting many infrastructure projects amid COVID-19. Nevertheless, many change orders are anticipated to occur on IDOT's projects. Thus, this paper examines the proper contractual management of changes within IDOT infrastructure transportation projects by following a research method based on the integration between a desktop analysis and a focus group analysis. The desktop analysis involved collecting information and data from existing resources, case studies, and documents related to change orders. The focus group analysis involved consulting with change …

Examining The Effect Of A Chitosan Biopolymer On Alkali-Activated Inorganic Material For Aqueous Pb(Ii) And Zn(Ii) Sorption, Sukanta K. Mondal, Chenglin Wu, Felix C. Nwadire, Ali A. Rownaghi, Aditya Kumar, Yusuf Adewuyi, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Biopolymers and alkali-activated materials have attracted a great deal of attention as adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal contaminants from aqueous solutions. Both materials are sustainable and feature unique properties, but biopolymers are relatively more expensive or difficult to prepare and exhibit low mechanical and surface properties, a narrow pH range, and thermal stability. In this study, hybrid adsorbents were prepared from both types of material, by alkali activation of low-cost fly ash precursors accompanied by incorporation of 0-2%mass chitosan biopolymer. Two types of alkaline activating solutions, NaOH and Na2SiO3, were employed to generate two sets of hybrid adsorbents …

Molecular Insight Into The Fluidity Of Cement Pastes: Nano-Boundary Lubrication Of Cementitious Materials, Muhan Wang, Kaixuan Zhang, Xiang Ji, Pan Wang, Hongyan Ma, Jun Zhang, Dongshuai Hou

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The workability mechanism of fresh concrete at the molecular level remains essentially unexplored. To understand the molecular origin for cement fluidity, molecular dynamics and Density Function Theory (DFT) were utilized to construct a shear model of Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) layers. The structure, dynamics, and reactivity of ultra-confined pore solution between C-S-H gels are systematically investigated. Under shear loading, periodic oscillation of friction force is observed as the typically Couette flow and the interfacial friction force is reduced from 35.2 Kcal/mol·Å to 3.3 Kcal/mol·Å with water content increasing. All of the systems contain breakage of noncovalent bonds of water-Ca and water-water in …

Effect Of Type And Content Of Expansive Agent On Performance Of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete With Adapted Rheology, Ahmed Abdelrazik, Kamal Khayat

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A performance-based mixture design approach was utilized to optimize the binder content and composition for fiber-reinforced super workable concrete (FR-SWC) and fiber-reinforced self-consolidating concrete (FR-SCC). The test parameters included the replacement ratio of the cement by a Class C fly ash (FA), type and content of expansive agent (EA), and total binder content. Hooked-end steel fibers measuring 30 mm in length were used at 0.5% by volume. The investigated concrete was tested for slump flow, modified J-ring, sieve stability, bleeding, visual stability index, air content, unit weight, as well as compressive and splitting tensile strengths. The elastic modulus, autogenous, drying …

Steel Diaphragm Innovation Initiative, Year 5, Final Report *Addendum*, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

Preface

The Steel Diaphragm Innovation Initiative (SDII) is a multi-year industry-academic-government partnership to advance the seismic performance of steel floor and roof diaphragms utilized in steel buildings. This addendum to the final report covers work conducted on Task 5.6 which was completed during a no-cost extension conducted in 2021. Please refer to AISI RP21-04, the Steel Diaphragm Innovation Initiative, Year 5, Final Report for all other details.

Inspire Newsletter Spring 2022, Missouri University Of Science And Technology. Inspire - University Transportation Center

INSPIRE Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Inspire Newsletter Fall 2022, Missouri University Of Science And Technology. Inspire - University Transportation Center

INSPIRE Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Deicers On Low-Temperature Performance Of Missouri Pavements, Jun Liu, Yizhuang David Wang, Farshad Kerahroudi Saberi, Jenny Liu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of deicer chemicals for highway winter maintenance operations is an essential strategy for ensuring a reasonably high level of service. It's critical to quantify their effectiveness and potentially detrimental effects on transportation infrastructure (i.e., asphalt and concrete pavements). In this study, nine deicer chemicals used in the state of Missouri were collected. The ice-melting test was conducted to quantify the performance characteristics of deicer chemicals. Freeze-thaw (F-T) test of concrete in the presence of deicer was conducted to quantify the negative effects of deicers to concrete. Low-temperature behavior of asphalt mixture affected by deicers was quantified by asphalt …

Quantitative Bridge Inspection Ratings Using Autonomous Robotic Systems, Anil K. Agrawal

Project IM-2

Impact sounding has been recognized as an effective technique to detect delamination in concrete structures, such as concrete decks. An enormous amount of sounding data can be generated/collected by the autonomous inspection systems equipped with impactors and microphones. However, the main challenge in the practical application of this technology is the development of advanced data analysis approaches for identifying defects from impact sounding data. In this study, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis and power-spectral density (PSD) analysis are combined to extract useful features of sounding data generated by the impact hammer. It has been found that the EMD method …

Fan-Shaped Model For Generating The Anisotropic Catchment Area Of Subway Stations Based On Feeder Taxi Trips, Shiwei Liu, Yajuan Deng, Xianbiao Hu, Jiaxing Zhou, Jianming Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The catchment areas of subway stations have always been considered as a circular shape in previous research. Although some studies show the catchment area may be affected by road conditions, public transportation, land use, and other factors, few studies have discussed the shape of the catchment area. This study focuses on analyzing the anisotropy of catchment areas and developing a sound methodology to generate them. Based on taxi global positioning system (GPS) data, this paper first proposes a data mining method to identify feeder taxi trips around subway stations. Then, a fan-shaped model is proposed and applied to Xi'an Metro …

Seismic Risk Assessment Of A Steel Building Supported On Helical Pile Groups, Maryam Shahbazi, Amy B. Cerato, Emad M. Hassan, Hussam Mahmoud

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Designing structures to be the least vulnerable within earthquake-prone areas is a serious challenge for structural engineers. One common and useful tool that structural engineers use to predict the vulnerability of a structure during an earthquake is a fragility curve. However, most structural fragility curves do not take into consideration the contribution of pile foundation systems in the structural vulnerability. Therefore, this study aims to modify existing fragility curves of a six-story fixed-base steel frame hospital building with buckling-restrained braces, to incorporate the effect of helical pile group behavior on the fragility of the structure. To that end, a finite …

Some Insights On Flow Over Sharp-Crested Weirs Using Computational Fluid Dynamics: Implications For Enhanced Flow Measurement, Joseph M. Sinclair, S. Karan Venayagamoorthy, Timothy K. Gates

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study reexamines flow over a sharp-crested weir using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to identify the optimal operating range under which the weir functions with accuracy as a free-flowing measurement device. A numerical parametric study was conducted for two separate channel and weir geometries under a range of flow rates resulting in different h/P values, where h is the elevation head over the weir crest, and P is the weir height. Analysis of velocity and pressure profiles over the weir revealed three distinct flow regimes: a high acceleration regime, an ideal operating regime, and a weir-inundated regime that may lead …

Resonance Analysis Between Deck And Cables In Cable-Stayed Bridges With Coupling Effect Of Adjacent Cables Considered, Houjun Kang, Yunpeng Cai, Yunyue Cong, Xiaoyang Su, Guirong Grace Yan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The nonlinear dynamic model of a shallow arch with multiple cables is developed to model a long-span cable-stayed bridge. Based on the veering phenomenon of cable-stayed bridges, the in-plane modal internal resonance between the first mode of the shallow arch and the first mode of the cable is investigated under both primary resonance and subharmonic resonance. Modulation equations of the dynamic system are obtained by Galerkin discretization and the multiple scales method, in which the equilibrium solution of modulation equations is obtained by the Newton–Raphson method. Meanwhile, the Runge–Kutta method is applied to directly solve the ordinary differential equations to …

Effect Of In-Situ Formed Nano-Calcite Particles On Hydration And Properties Of Cement-Based Materials, Bowen Tan

Masters Theses

The in-situ preparation of nano-calcite via bubbling method and the effects of the nano-calcite on the hydration process and properties of the cement-based materials are investigated in this research. The nano-calcite is synthesized under different conditions and added into Portland cement to prepare test samples. The bubbling method is then introduced in upcycling the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ashes, and the effects of the upcycled MSWI ashes on the hydration of Portland cement is investigated. Experimental results illustrate that the COâ‚‚ bubbling method can produce nanometer-to-sub- micron-sized calcite particles, and the synthesis rate and the morphology of the nano-calcite …