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Articles 4861 - 4890 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Dynamic Behavior Of Beijing Sandy Clay And The Dynamic Responses Of Beijing Subway To Traffic Vibrations, C. S. Pan, W. Cui, D. Li, F. Gao Apr 1995

Dynamic Behavior Of Beijing Sandy Clay And The Dynamic Responses Of Beijing Subway To Traffic Vibrations, C. S. Pan, W. Cui, D. Li, F. Gao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Experiments were carried out for the Beijing sandy clay using a triaxial apparatus Model DTC- 240 (JAPAN) with the dynamic characteristics of the soil obtained and formulated. The test data were applied to the 2-D and 3-D finite element analyses for the dynamic responses of Beijing Subway to traffic vibrations. Resulte acquired from the numerical analyses happened to be in good coincidence with the measured responses.

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Development Of New Stiffness And Damping Expressions For Footing Vibrations, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore Apr 1995

Development Of New Stiffness And Damping Expressions For Footing Vibrations, H. V. P. Truong, P. J. Moore

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

New expressions for stiffness and radiation damping, which have been developed for a new forcing function, are based on the simple equation of wave propagation in a perfectly elastic half space for different modes of vibrations, particularly vertical and horizontal vibrations. A differential equation including the effect of foundation mass is presented and the results of the amplitudes of vibration obtained from this differential equation are compared with those in the standard differential equation in soil dynamics textbooks. Furthermore, added soil masses for vertical and horizontal vibrations are also derived based on the equation of wave propagation and discussed with …

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Response Of Embedded Circular Flexible Foundations, N. Gucunski Apr 1995

Response Of Embedded Circular Flexible Foundations, N. Gucunski

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The stiffness matrix approach to the solution of vertical vibrations of a circular flexible foundation embedded in a viscoelastic layered half-space have been described. Results of a parametric study, represented by displacement and soil reaction distributions and impedances, indicate a significantly different responses of flexible and rigid foundations. Important parameters are identified and include: the stiffness ratio, depth of embedment, soil stratification and loading distribution. Influence of each of the parameters is discussed.

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Vibrations Of Impact Machine Foundations And Footing Settlements, M. R. Svinkin Apr 1995

Vibrations Of Impact Machine Foundations And Footing Settlements, M. R. Svinkin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Foundations under machinery that produce impact loads, such as in forge shops, are major industrial sources of wave propagation in soil. The resulting vertical soil vibrations may cause dynamic settlements of column footings. Analyzing of a number of case histories shows that dynamic settlements of footings under columns and connected with them exterior walls at forge shops occur relatively slowly when the soil conditions are different from saturated sands. There are other causes of extensive damage of shop exterior walls. For predicting the dynamic settlements from new machine foundations, it is necessary to know expected footing vibrations. These vibrations can …

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Interaction Of Adjacent Vibratory Machines, J. P. Lee, J. A. Bohinsky Apr 1995

Interaction Of Adjacent Vibratory Machines, J. P. Lee, J. A. Bohinsky

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Due to inevitable unbalanced masses that always exist, a rotating machine will experience vibration to various extent depending on the characteristics of loads and support conditions. When two pieces of vibratory machines are installed close to each other, the vibration of either machine may further be amplified by the interaction between the two machines. In this paper, the interaction effect between two adjacent vibratory machines supported on a flexible floor was investigated. It was found that for the case investigated, the most critical condition occurred when the unbalanced forces were out-of-phase.

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The Reliability Aspects In Dynamic Engineering, G. Singh, B. M. Das Apr 1995

The Reliability Aspects In Dynamic Engineering, G. Singh, B. M. Das

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Strides in dynamic engineering need to be accompanied by developments in risk appraisal of designs so as to respond to rapidly increasing sensitivity to and awareness of hazards. A practical, reliable and engineer-friendly methodology for design is presented in light of the critical review of the various current practices. An example is presented to illustrate the advantages of the preferred approach to improving, unifying and rationalizing design.

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Steady Vibration Of Flexible Circular Plate On An Elastic Half Space, X. Zeng, X. Qin, P. Gong, M. Iguchi Apr 1995

Steady Vibration Of Flexible Circular Plate On An Elastic Half Space, X. Zeng, X. Qin, P. Gong, M. Iguchi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The steady vibration of a flexible circular plate with finite rigidity resting on an elastic half space and subjected to harmonic vertical loads on the surface of the plate is studied in the present paper. The contact between the plate and the half space is assumed to be frictionless. Three types of load are considered: 1. the load uniformly distributed over the entire surface of the plate, 2. the load uniformly distributed over a ring zone of the surface of the plate, 3. the concentrated load applied at the center of the plate. By expanding the distribution of the contact …

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Non-Linear Response Of Foundation Systems Subjected To Vertical Machine Type Loading, Hatem Eibastawisy, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Non-Linear Response Of Foundation Systems Subjected To Vertical Machine Type Loading, Hatem Eibastawisy, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Vertical vibration tests on surface and embedded footings of different dimensions were performed by Fry (1963) and Beredugo (1971). Analytical predictions were reported by Manyando (1991) based on nonlinear, frequency independent stiffness and damping coefficients for surface foundations. The authors present, in this paper, a mathematical model for predicting the response, in terms of amplitude versus frequency, for surface or embedded, irregular shaped foundations system under vertical vibration considering soil non-linearity and frequency dependent stiffness and geometrical damping parameters. The frequency dependent stiffness and geometrical damping parameters are based on Gazetas's work (1991). The predicted and measured natural frequency and …

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Coupled Horizontal And Rocking Vibration Of Block Foundations, Sanjeev Kumar, Shamsher Prakash Apr 1995

Coupled Horizontal And Rocking Vibration Of Block Foundations, Sanjeev Kumar, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The computation of coupled response of block foundations subjected to a constant magnitude harmonic horizontal force or moment or both, is very important for the design of block foundations. Mathematical relationships for computing response of rigid block foundations using the elastic half-space method lite available but are not in an easily understandable format. More over relationships available for embedded foundation are for the case when both horizontal force and moment are acting on the foundation. To extract the solution for the case when either horizontal force or moment alone is acting from the existing relationships is extremely difficult, if not …

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The Northridge Earthquake Of 1994: Ground Motions And Geotechnical Aspects, M. K. Yegian, G. V. Ghahraman, G. Gazetas, P. Dakoulas, N. Makris Apr 1995

The Northridge Earthquake Of 1994: Ground Motions And Geotechnical Aspects, M. K. Yegian, G. V. Ghahraman, G. Gazetas, P. Dakoulas, N. Makris

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Following the January 1994 Northridge Earthquake in Southern California, the authors traveled to Los Angeles and surveyed the earthquake damage region. Subsequently, seismologic, geologic and ground motion data were compiled and evaluated. This paper presents our observations and evaluation of: geologic and soil effects; soil-structure interaction; liquefaction; slope failures and rock slides; and ground deformations.

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Performance Of Shored Earth Retaining Systems During The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, Marshall Lew, Ebrahim Simantob, Martin B. Hudson Apr 1995

Performance Of Shored Earth Retaining Systems During The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake, Marshall Lew, Ebrahim Simantob, Martin B. Hudson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of several temporary deep shored earth retaining systems during the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake in Southern California is documented. These shoring systems ranged from 30 to 70 feet in depth and were subjected to severe ground motions with little deflection or distress.

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Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet Apr 1995

Northridge Earthquake — Van Norman Complex Ground Movement, C. A. Davis, J. P. Bardet

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The January 17, 1994, Northridge Earthquake severely shook the Van Norman Complex, in the northern San Fernando Valley. Located in the nearfield, over the vicinity of the ruptured fault, the Van Norman Complex was subjected to many types of ground movements, including strong ground motions, tectonic displacements, ground deformation of natural soil deposits, and deformation of embankments and other engineered fills. The complex provides a well-documented case of how these various types of ground movements interact and their effects on engineered facilities. Throughout the complex, sand boils, liquefaction induced lateral spreading, and ground cracks were observed. Eleven water retaining embankments, …

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Ground Motions From The Northridge Earthquake, Susan W. Chang, Jonathan D. Bray, Raymond B. Seed Apr 1995

Ground Motions From The Northridge Earthquake, Susan W. Chang, Jonathan D. Bray, Raymond B. Seed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The magnitude, duration and frequency content of ground motions from the Northridge Earthquake are analyzed and compared to predictive relationships typically used in engineering design and to the 1994 Uniform Building Code. The effect of geologic conditions on localized damage patterns is shown to be important for this earthquake, even though many of the sites within the affected region are stiff soil sites classified as UBC sites S1 or S2.

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Significance Of The Velacs Project To The Solution Of Boundary Value Problems In Geotechnical Engineering, K. Arulanandan, M. Manzari, X. Zeng, M. Fagan, R. F. Scott, T. S. Tan Apr 1995

Significance Of The Velacs Project To The Solution Of Boundary Value Problems In Geotechnical Engineering, K. Arulanandan, M. Manzari, X. Zeng, M. Fagan, R. F. Scott, T. S. Tan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The VELACS project was conducted in order to improve existing methods for the analysis of the consequences of soil liquefaction. The project showed that centrifuge studies are repeatable only under carefully controlled conditions. Most procedures were able to predict the onset of liquefaction in contractive soils, but only effective stress based fully coupled nonlinear procedures were able to predict deformations due to liquefaction· None of the currently available procedures could simulate the behavior of dilative soils adequately. Problems were attributed to improper constitutive model implementation and inadequate calibration. An example to evaluate the behavior of a flow slide observed in …

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Deformation Characteristics Of Soils And Soft Rocks Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loads And Their Relationships, Fumio Tatsuoka, Diego Lo Presti, Yukihiro Kohata Apr 1995

Deformation Characteristics Of Soils And Soft Rocks Under Monotonic And Cyclic Loads And Their Relationships, Fumio Tatsuoka, Diego Lo Presti, Yukihiro Kohata

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For a wide variety of geomaterials, cohesionless and cohesive soils and sedimentary soft rocks and cement-mixed soils, the importance and advantages of measuring the deformation characteristics accurately and continuously for a strain range from less than 0.001 % to several % by a single static test using a single specimen are demonstrated. It is also shown that the deformation characteristics at strains of less than about 0.001 % is essentially elastic and the elastic stiffness values evaluated under static (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic (fast cyclic) loading conditions are the same from the engineering point of view. It is discussed …

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The Evolution Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice In North America: 1954-1994, W. D. Liam Finn, R. H. Ledbetter, W. F. Marcuson Iii Apr 1995

The Evolution Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice In North America: 1954-1994, W. D. Liam Finn, R. H. Ledbetter, W. F. Marcuson Iii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper traces the evolution of geotechnical earthquake engineering practice in North America from 1954 to 1994. The development of the state-of-the-art has been shaped strongly by four areas of practice: assessment of seismic hazard, estimation of liquefaction potential, seismic response analysis of earth structures and seismic safety evaluation and remediation of existing dams with potentially liquefiable zones. Evolution of practice in each of these areas will be traced and the current state-of-the-art evaluated. Present capabilities in practice will be illustrated by examples from the areas of seismic response of dams, liquefaction potential and seismic safety evaluation and remediation of …

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Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Ground Displacement, T. Leslie Youd Apr 1995

Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Ground Displacement, T. Leslie Youd

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground displacements generated by liquefaction-induced lateral spread are a severe threat to engineered construction. During past earthquakes, lateral spread displacements have pulled apart or sheared shallow and deep foundations of buildings, severed pipelines and other structures and utilities that transect the ground displacement zone, buckled bridges or other structures constructed across the toe, and toppled retaining walls, bulkheads, etc. that lie in the path of the spreading ground. This paper presents a method for estimating probable free-field lateral displacements at sites susceptible to liquefaction. Free-field ground displacements are those that are not impeded by structural resistance, ground modification, or a …

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Recent Advances In Centrifuge Modeling Of Seismic Shaking, Bruce L. Kutter Apr 1995

Recent Advances In Centrifuge Modeling Of Seismic Shaking, Bruce L. Kutter

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This "State-of-the-Art" paper focuses primarily on aspects of dynamic centrifuge modeling related to simulation of earthquake effects. New shaker mechanisms and model containers are described and soil- container-shaker interaction is discussed. Progress in dealing with scale effects such as particle size, rate dependent material properties and conflicts in dissipation and generation time scale factors is also described. Issues related to repeatability and value of model testing are also discussed.

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Liquefaction And Deformation Of Soils And Foundations Under Seismic Conditions, Ricardo Dobry Apr 1995

Liquefaction And Deformation Of Soils And Foundations Under Seismic Conditions, Ricardo Dobry

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A summary of significant developments in seismic liquefaction research and applications is presented for the period 1985-1995. It is concluded that rapid progress is being made, especially in evaluating ground deformation and straining and their effects on constructed facilities. Four topics illustrating these developments are selected and discussed in more detail.

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Design And Behavior Of Tailings Dams Under Seismic Conditions, Jorge H. Troncoso Apr 1995

Design And Behavior Of Tailings Dams Under Seismic Conditions, Jorge H. Troncoso

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Seismic design of tailings dams in present times has to provide satisfactory solutions to fulfill environmental protection requirements and to assure proper behavior after closure and abandonment. The requirements to protect the environment include control of seepage and other forms of pollution of the air, waters and soils, under normal conditions, and also under the most extreme events which may be foreseen to occur. The worst possible form of pollution under such extreme conditions is a liquefaction failure involving breaching of the dam and flooding of the valleys downstream. The probability of occurrence of maximum events obviously increases with the …

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Role Of In-Situ Testing In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, M. Jamiolkowski, D.C. F. Lopresti, O. Pallara Apr 1995

Role Of In-Situ Testing In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, M. Jamiolkowski, D.C. F. Lopresti, O. Pallara

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The available in situ testing techniques of special relevance in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering are subject to a synthetic review in the light of the general framework of soil stress-strain behavior. Especial attention is devoted to the recent innovations and current capabilities of in situ testing methods to assess the shear modulus G and damping ratio D. The determination of the undrained steady state shear strength via penetration and seismic tests is also discussed.

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Simple Methods For The Seismic Response Of Piles Applied To Soil-Pile-Bridge Interaction, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis, Aspasia Nikolaou Apr 1995

Simple Methods For The Seismic Response Of Piles Applied To Soil-Pile-Bridge Interaction, George Gazetas, George Mylonakis, Aspasia Nikolaou

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A multi-step procedure is outlined for a complete seismic soil-pile-structure interaction analysis, within the format of kinematic and inertial decomposition. Vertical S-wave propagation is considered and the pile-to-pile interplay is treated with sufficient rigor. The method has been implemented for the seismic analysis of bridge piers founded on piles in multilayered soil; a computer code (SBIAP) has been developed to this end. A parameter study (in both frequency and tune domains) illustrates the capability of the method to predict displacements and accelerations of the superstructure as well as bending moments and shear and axial forces in the piles. The importance …

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Dynamic Soil Pressures On Vertical Walls, Anestis S. Veletsos, Adel H. Younan Apr 1995

Dynamic Soil Pressures On Vertical Walls, Anestis S. Veletsos, Adel H. Younan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A summary is presented of recently contributed simple approximate solutions for the dynamic pressures and the associated forces induced by ground shaking on rigid vertical walls. The walls are presumed to be either straight or circular in plan and to retain a uniform viscoelastic soil stratum of constant thickness and infinite extent in the horizontal direction. Both the walls and the stratum are considered to be supported on a non-deformable base undergoing a space-invariant, uniform horizontal motion. The effects of both harmonic and earthquake-induced excitations are examined, and comprehensive numerical data ate presented which elucidate the underlying response mechanisms and …

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Discussions And Replies — State-Of-The-Art, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Discussions And Replies — State-Of-The-Art, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Author And Discussor Index Volumes I, Ii, Iii, Multiple Authors Apr 1995

Author And Discussor Index Volumes I, Ii, Iii, Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Damage To Railway Structures, Fumio Tatsuoka Apr 1995

Damage To Railway Structures, Fumio Tatsuoka

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A vast amount of railway structures were seriously damaged, which includes RC frame structures supporting elevated railway tracks, RC station structures, embankments, and retaining walls. A length of underground RC box structures of subways, constructed by the cut-and-cover method, was also seriously damaged.

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Soil Amplification In Great Hanshin Earthquake, Takeji Kokusho, Kiyotaka Sato Apr 1995

Soil Amplification In Great Hanshin Earthquake, Takeji Kokusho, Kiyotaka Sato

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

During this earthquake, strong acceleration records were obtained in free fields in many sites in and around the Kobe city. Some of the recording sites consist of multi-level vertical arrays, which demonstrated very peculiar features of seismic amplification in reclaimed lands and Holocene and Pleistocene soil layers. Particularly it has been found that, when the max acceleration at the depth of 80-100m exceeds 200-300 cm/s2, the upper layer will not amplify the acceleration anymore except for the shallowest layer in most case.

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Distribution Of Structural Damage In Nishinomiya City And The Eastward Suffered From The Great Hanshin (Hyogoken Nanbu) Earthquake Of January 16, 1995, Kensuke Baba Apr 1995

Distribution Of Structural Damage In Nishinomiya City And The Eastward Suffered From The Great Hanshin (Hyogoken Nanbu) Earthquake Of January 16, 1995, Kensuke Baba

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A powerful earthquake was caused in the northern region of the Awajishima Island, Japan, on 16 January 1995, and many human lives, structures and facilities suffered fatal damage from the seismic motions in the Hanshin' (Osaka-Kobe) region. The epicenter was located 20 kilometers below the ground surface and the seismic magnitude was 7.2 on Japan Meteorological scale. The aftershocks have been observed in a slender zone oriented to the northeast and stretching to a northern limit on the west-east trending Arima-Takatsuki fault line, which is analogous to the geological area accompanied with the tectonic collapse (Fig. 1).

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General Report —Session Iii: Liquefaction And Ground Failure, Susumu Iai, R. H. Ledbetter, L. Figueroa, K. K. Muraleetharan, S. Yasuda Apr 1995

General Report —Session Iii: Liquefaction And Ground Failure, Susumu Iai, R. H. Ledbetter, L. Figueroa, K. K. Muraleetharan, S. Yasuda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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General Report —Session Iv: Dynamic Earth Pressures And Seismic Design Of Earth Retaining Structures, Forrokh Nadim, S. Ihara, A. Pecker, E. A. Rafnsson Apr 1995

General Report —Session Iv: Dynamic Earth Pressures And Seismic Design Of Earth Retaining Structures, Forrokh Nadim, S. Ihara, A. Pecker, E. A. Rafnsson

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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