Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

A Guide For Designing With Standing Seam Roof Panels, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News August 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Screw And Welded Connection Behavior Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (A Preliminary Study), Exaud N. Koka, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This Fourth Progress Report presents the results of 56 connection tests conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla during February-April, 1997. The intent of this limited test program was to gain an understanding of the general behavior characteristics of connections in grade 80 steels. No attempt was made to develop an indepth understanding of the connection behavior, which would be necessary to propose complete or comprehensive design recommendations. The performance and behavior of screw and welded connections in low-ductility steel were studied by testing to failure 36 specimens using self-drilling screws, 16 welded connections using either transverse or longitudinal fillet welds, …

Behavior Of Web Elements With Openings Subjected To Linearly Varying Shear, Matthew R. Eiler, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

PREFACE An experimental investigation of the shear buckling limit state was conducted on single web, cold-formed steel flexural members with web openings. The purpose of the investigation was to develop a better understanding of the behavior of web elements having a web opening, and to propose appropriate design recommendations based on the observed behavior. The present AlSI ASD and LRFD specifications do not contain design provisions for webs with openings, thus the findings of this study will aid in enhancing the shear design provisions. The test specimens, constructed from C-sections, were subjected to linearly varying shear resulting from the application …

Uptake And Metabolism Of Atrazine By Poplar Trees, Joel Gerard Burken, Jerald L. Schnoor

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hybrid Poplar Trees Can Uptake, Hydrolyze, and Dealkylate Atrazine to Less Toxic Metabolites. in Whole Plant Studies, the Parent Compound Atrazine and 14C Ring-Labeled Metabolites Were Extracted from Poplar Tissues and Analyzed Via High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV and Radiochromatographic Detectors in Series. the Concurrent Separation and Identification of These Metabolites Has Not Been Previously Reported in Higher Plants for Phytoremediation Applications. Unidentified Metabolites Were Also Detected. Metabolism of Atrazine Occurred in Poplar Roots, Stems, and Leaves and Became More Complete with Increased Residence Time in Tissues. in Poplar Cuttings Exposed to Atrazine for 50 Days, the Parent Compound …

Additional Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing (Draft), Reynaud Serrette, Jose Encalada, Georgi Hall, Brandon Matchen, Hoang Nguyen, Alexander Williams, Light Gauge Steel Research Group

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

AlSI sponsored research at Santa Clara University (Serrette, 1996) led to the development of shear values for plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and gypswn wallboard (GWB) sheathed light weight steel framed wall assemblies. The scope of the 1996 work was, however, limited to plywood, OSB. and GWB on 0.033 in. (20 gauge) framing. To provide a wider range of design options and clarify some of the values from the 1996 test program. a new test program was initialed. The new program included the following wall assemblies: flat strap X-braced walls. steel sheathed walls, high aspect ratio walls, and walls framed …

Ccfss Technical Bulletin February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

Ccfss News February 1997, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

Strength Of Flexural Members Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (Web Crippling Tests), Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This Third Progress Report summarizes the web crippling tests of 148 specimens and evaluates the test results along with an additional 114 web crippling tests which were reported in 1986 as part of a project on Design of Automotive Structural Components Using High-Strength Sheet Steels. The 148 web crippling tests conducted in this program are the part of the overall project on Strength of Flexural Members Using the Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 Steel (former ASTM A446 Grade E Steel). The objectives of the ongoing project are to study the strength and structural performance of flexural members as affected …

Monotonic Tests Of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Walls With Openings, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Design Of Automotive Structural Components Using High Strength Sheet Steels Mechanical Properties Of Materials (Aging Effect), Shaojie Wu, Chi-Ling Pan, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION It has been known for years that mechanical properties of thin sheet steels, such as yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility, are affected by aging (Chajes et al. 1963, Hertzberg 1989, Yu 1991). The aging effect on mechanical properties can be described as follows. For a virgin steel that is initially loaded in tension beyond its yield strength and into strain hardening state and then unloaded to zero stress, the yield and tensile strengths of the steel increase while the ductility of the steel decreases if the steel is reloaded in tension again after a period of time from …

Additional Shear Wall Values For Light Weight Steel Framing, American Iron And Steel Institute

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

University Of Missouri-Rolla Research On Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

During the past 27 years, numerous research projects have been conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) under the sponsorships of the American Iron and Steel Institute, National Science Foundation, American Society of Civil Engineers, Metal Building Manufacturers Association, Steel Deck Institute, Metal/Lath Steel Framing Association, Chromium Center, Nickel Development Institute, and several steel companies located in the USA, Canada, and South Africa. The purpose of these investigations has been to study the structural strength of cold-formed steel members, connections, and structural systems. Some of the research findings have been used in the development of the AISI Specification for the …

Cold-Formed Steel Webs With Openings: Summary Report, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu, J. E. Langan, M. Y. Shan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Based on a 3-year study that focused on the behavior of cold-formed steel beams with web openings, researchers at the University of Missouri-Rolla have developed simple, easy to apply design recommendations. The design recommendations address the limit states of web buckling resulting from bending, shear, web crippling, combined bending and shear, and combined bending and web crippling. The recommendations were developed based on the results of experimental and analytical studies of C-section beams. The C-sections, which are commonly used for wall studs and floor joists, are manufactured with web openings. Common web opening sizes are 38 x 102mm and 19 …

Carbon Frp Strengthening Of Doubly Curved Precast Pc Shell, M. Barboni, A. Benedetti, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper a recent rehabilitation project completed in Italy using carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) unidirectional sheets is examined. This technology was selected for the strengthening of a doubly curved, precast, prestressed concrete (PC) shell. The shell was part of the roof of an industrial building and had experienced severe localized damage due to accidental heat radiating from a flue. The selection of the CFRP system involved the screening of different repair procedures with relation to the constraints imposed by the owner: limited disturbance to the industrial process, safety of the occupants, low cost, and durability. In addition, the …

Performance-Based Testing Of Chemical Stabilizers, Thomas M. Petry

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Chemical stabilizing agents have been introduced that have performed in field applications to improve the behavior of earth materials. The same agents and materials subjected to standardized laboratory tests have often resulted in no improvement. For example, the tests often require pulverization of materials to finer states than are needed in the field or may require remolding when field applications are done in situ, as with injection applications. Some of the physical tests do not place treated materials in a situation resembling conditions in the field, yet they are applied to determine the use of these agents. The experiences of …

Multiobjective Optimization Design With Pareto Genetic Algorithm, Franklin Y. Cheng, Dan Li

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a constrained multiobjective (multicriterion, vector) optimization methodology by integrating a Pareto genetic algorithm (GA) and a fuzzy penalty function method. A Pareto GA generates a Pareto optimal subset from which a robust and compromise design can be selected. This Pareto GA consists of five basic operators: reproduction, crossover, mutation, niche, and the Pareto-set filter. The niche and the Paretoset filter are defined, and fitness for a multiobjective optimization problem is constructed. A fuzzy-logic penalty function method is developed with a combination of deterministic, probabilistic, and vague environments that are consistent with GA operation theory based on randomness …

Reinforcement Of Web Openings In Cold-Formed Steel Members, Erika Kirsten Nelson

Masters Theses

"To expand on previous research concerning perforated cold-formed steel web elements, an experimental investigation was conducted to examine the influence of reinforcement on the behavior and strength of single web flexural members with web openings. In current design practice, reduction factors are applied to the strength equations to account for the debilitating effect of web openings. This reduction in capacity may lead to the selection of a greater member thickness or depth than would be required of a solid web member. A more economical approach may be to reinforce the web in the proximity of the opening to increase the …

Multiobjective Optimum Design Of Static And Seismic-Resistant Structures With Genetic Algorithm, Fuzzy Logic And Game Theory, Dan Li

Doctoral Dissertations

"The goal of this research is to develop a constrained multiobjective optimization method in the form of a robust, practical, problem-independent algorithm, and to investigate the effect of multiobjective optimization on structural design.

This research studies the properties and characteristics of multiobjective optimization and solutions. Design objectives, constraints and design variables as well as their effect on structural design and behaviors are investigated. Dynamic input energy for a multidegree-of-freedom structure is formulated. A multiobjective optimization algorithm based on game theory is developed. Fuzzy set theory is introduced to construct a fuzzy constrained environment. A Pareto genetic algorithm is developed based …

Strength Of Flexural Members Using Structural Grade 80 Of A653 Steel (Deck Panel Tests), Shaojie Wu, Wei-Wen Yu, Roger A. Laboube

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This second progress report describes the design of deck panel specimens for flexural tests and presents the test results of ninety-three deck panel specimens. The deck panels consisted of single and multiple hat-shaped ribs in their cross sections and were manufactured from 28, 26, and 22 gage steel sheets of Structural Grade 80 of ASTM A653 Steel. Among the ninety-three deck panel specimens, seventy-two panels were tested in simply supported and two-point loading conditions; sixteen panels were tested in simply supported and one-point loading conditions; and five panels with screws penetrating through tension flanges were tested in simply supported and …

Effect Of Bracing Stiffness On Buckling Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Columns, Pratyoosh Gupta, George E. Blandford, S. T. Wang

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A three-dimensional second-order analysis is used to study the effect of brace stiffness on the buckling strength of cold-formed steel columns. The finite element formulation uses an iterative updated Lagrangian scheme to include the second-order geometric non-linear effects in the space frame element as well as the connection element used to model a brace. Lateral brace stiffness required to achieve full bracing for a two-dimensional column, and lateral and torsional brace stiffnesses required for a three-dimensional cold-formed steel column are studied. The strength requirement for various brace components, the effects of column initial imperfections, and the impact of varying warping …

Towards A Numerical Procedure For Composite Slab Assessment, Howard D. Wright, Milan Veljkovic

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Composite slab design relies upon adequate shear bond resistance between the steel and concrete. This is achieved by friction between the materials and the mechanical interlock of embossments pressed in the steel. The behaviour of this shear bond resistance is complex and is obtainable only from model tests. This paper explores the potential for numerical modelling to provide the required design information.

Interaction Of Flange/Edge - Stiffened Cold Formed Steel C - Sections, Colin A. Rogers, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A revision to the Canadian Standard (S136-94)[1] and the American Specification (AISI- 89)[2], in which the procedure to calculate the effective width of an edge-stiffened compressive flange is modified, has been proposed by Dinovitzer et al.[3]. The proposal involves a change of the equations for the flange plate buckling coefficients of Case II compressive elements, which eliminates a discontinuity in the effective width formulation. The modified local buckling procedure was compared with the current Canadian Cold Formed Steel Standard using a program of beam tests at the University of Waterloo[4] and data available in the literature[8,9, 10, 11,12]. Statistical results …

Geometric Imperfections And Residual Stresses For Use In The Analytical Modeling Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Benjamin W. Schafer, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Geometric imperfections and residual stresses influence the behavior and ultimate strength of cold-formed steel members. Advanced analytical models (i.e. nonlinear finite element models) must reflect this by including appropriate geometric imperfections and residual stresses. To date, little has been done to summarize the existing literature on these topics. As a result, no consensus exists for what magnitudes or distributions should be used when including geometric imperfections and residual stresses in the analysis, In this paper existing literature is reviewed and a new series of measurements carried out with the goal of providing basic guidelines for the use of geometric imperfections …

A New Aisi Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, Richard C. Kaehler, Paul A. Seaburg

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The Specification Committee of the American Iron and Steel Institute is currently developing a new Cold Formed Steel Design Manual. The work is being done under contract with Computerized Structural Design with oversight provided by AISI Subcommittee 26 - Design Manual. This paper describes the purpose and contents of this Manual. It is expected the Manual will be published in conjunction with the new edition of the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members early in 1997. The Manual will contain the combined versions of the Allowable Stress Design and Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifications in addition …

Golden Anniversary Of The Aisi Specification, Wei-Wen Yu, Don S. Wolford, Albert L. Johnson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The use of cold-formed steel members in building construction began in about the 1850's in the United States and Great Britain. However, such thin-walled steel members were not widely used for buildings until after 1946 When the first edition of the Specification for the Design of Light Gage Steel Structural Members was published by the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI, 1946). This first design standard was based primarily on the research work sponsored by the Institute at Cornell University under the direction of Professor George Winter after 1939 (Winter, 1959a and 1959b). It was revised subsequently by the AISI …

The 1996 Aisi Specification, Roger L. Brockenbrough

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The first edition of the AISI specification was adopted in 1946. Thus, the new specification represents fifty years of progress in the formal structural application of cold-formed steel. The continued efforts of the Committee on Specifications and the sponsorship of the American Iron and Steel Institute have made this fifty years of progress in cold-formed steel a reality. The new specification combines ASD and LRFD provisions in a single document. This affords the design engineer the opportunity to become familiar with both methods and facilitates the use of whichever method is preferred. In addition, the new specification includes a number …

A Probabilistic Examination Of The Ultimate Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Elements, Benjamin W. Schafer, Mircea Gigoriu, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper investigates the ultimate strength of cold-formed steel plates in uniform compression and pure bending with the goal of determining the statistical characteristics (mean and variance) of the ultimate strength. Plate thickness, longitudinal residual stress magnitude, and imperfection magnitude are considered as random variables. Based on existing data appropriate distributions are determined for these three random variables. Using ABAQUS for the strength prediction, two methods: Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series approximation, are employed to determine statistical characteristics of the plates. The results are compared to the deterministic approach of the AISI Cold-Formed LRFD Specification.

Additional Design Considerations For Bolted Connections, Roger A. Laboube, Wei-Wen Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A multi-year study was conducted at the University of Missouri-Rolla which focused on such topics as deformation characteristics of bearing type connections; strength of bearing and tensile type failure modes of flat sheet connections; tensile strength of staggered bolt patterns in flat sheet connections; and tensile strength of bolted connections for angle and channel sections. The intent of this research was to verify the present design approach for bolted connections and to expand the design methodology to include additional limit states, in particular the effect of deformation of the bolt hole and the influence of shear lag in angle and …