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Articles 4501 - 4530 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Compressional Behaviour Of Stainless Steel Short Struts, M. Macdonald, J. Rhodes, G. T. Taylor Oct 1998

Compressional Behaviour Of Stainless Steel Short Struts, M. Macdonald, J. Rhodes, G. T. Taylor

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The effects of cold forming on both carbon steel and stainless steel structural members has been the subject of extensive research since the early 1940's. Design code specifications for carbon steel members have been published in many countries around the world, including BS 5950, Part 5 in the UK (1) the AlSI Specification in the USA (2), and the new Eurocode 3, Part 1.3 (3). For stainless steel members there are fewer design code specifications available, and those that are available, which include the ANSI/ASCE in the USA (4) and the new Eurocode 3, Part 1.4 (5), do not give …

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Bearing Design Of Thin Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1998

Bearing Design Of Thin Sheet Steel Screwed Connections, Colin A. Rogers, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The 1996 Australian / New Zealand AS/NZS 4600 and North American; CSA-S136, AISI Cold Formed Steel Design Standards allow for the use of thin (t < 0.9 mm in AS/NZS 4600), high strength (fy = 550 MPa) sheet steels if the yield stress and ultimate strength are reduced to 75% of their minimum specified values. At present, these reduced material properties must be used in the design of screwed connections which undergo bearing and bearing/tilting failure. Previous research has illustrated the need for design standards to include a gradated bearing coefficient method to account for the behaviour of thin high strength sheet steels, instead of a gross reduction in material properties. This paper provides a summary of results detailing the behaviour of screwed connections tested in shear which have failed in the bearing and bearing/tilting modes. Recommendations concerning the adequacy of current design standards with respect to a proposed formulation which can be used to more accurately predict the shear resistance of screwed connections which fail in the bearing and bearing/tilting modes are presented.

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A Simplified Model For Distortional Buckling Of Channels And Zees In Flexure, Duane S. Ellifritt, Robert L. Glover, Jonathan D. Hren Oct 1998

A Simplified Model For Distortional Buckling Of Channels And Zees In Flexure, Duane S. Ellifritt, Robert L. Glover, Jonathan D. Hren

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Certain cold-formed sections like channels and zees, when subjected to bending in the plane of the web, often fail in laboratory tests at a load less than that predicted by standard specification equations. The mode of failure is an upward movement of the compression flange and lip relative to the web, which may remain fairly plane. When bends which were right angles change dramatically under load, the section changes shape, or distorts, resulting in a reduction of the section stiffness followed by buckling of the flange. Such a failure is referred to as "distortional buckling". An analytical solution to the …

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Laterally Braced Cold-Formed Steel Flexural Members With Edge Stiffened Flanges, Benjamin W. Schafer, Teoman Pekoz Oct 1998

Laterally Braced Cold-Formed Steel Flexural Members With Edge Stiffened Flanges, Benjamin W. Schafer, Teoman Pekoz

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The moment capacity of a laterally braced cold-formed steel flexural member with edge stiffened flanges (e.g., a channel or zee section) may be adversely affected by local or distortional buckling. Traditional design methods recognize the need to explicitly account for local buckling, but not distortional buckling. Experimental data and numerical analyses suggest that proper strength prediction of laterally braced cold-formed steel flexural members requires explicit treatment of distortional buckling. New procedures for hand prediction of the buckling stress in the local and distortional mode are presented. Numerical investigations are employed to highlight post-buckling behavior unique to the distortional mode. A …

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Lateral Load Strength Of Screw Connections In 29ga Metal, G. A. Anderson, V. C. Kelley Oct 1998

Lateral Load Strength Of Screw Connections In 29ga Metal, G. A. Anderson, V. C. Kelley

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The results of 300 tests on screwed connections in shear are presented. The load capacity of screws in a row is shown to be additive and screws placed in narrow ribs of 29ga steel have the same strength as screws placed in flat sheets. The AISI equation for tilting strength of screw connections under predicts the strength of the screw connections tested. A regression equation is developed for tilting and compared to the AISI tilting equation and a third party test data. The regression equation is more accurate but less precise than the AISI equation.

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The Effect Of Cold Forming On Type 3cr12 Square Tubes, Rudolph Laubscher Oct 1998

The Effect Of Cold Forming On Type 3cr12 Square Tubes, Rudolph Laubscher

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A non linear finite element simulation is conducted which completely simulates the forming of the tube from flat virgin plate to its final shape. The predicted residual stresses and amount of cold forming in the tube sides and comers are then compared to actual experimental data from cold formed tubes where the initial material properties and the material properties after the cold forming process are known. This illustrates the usefulness of the non linear finite element method in predicting how the material properties change during cold forming and gives a useful insight in what the actual condition of the material …

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Analysis Of Hat Sections With Multiple Intermediate Longitudinal Stiffeners, V. V. Acharya, R. M. Schuster Oct 1998

Analysis Of Hat Sections With Multiple Intermediate Longitudinal Stiffeners, V. V. Acharya, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

This paper is the second paper by the authors on the subject of the behavior of cold formed steel hat sections in bending with multiple intermediate longitudinal stiffeners. The first paper, also contained in these Proceedings, deals with the test results only (Acharya and Schuster, 1998). Presented in this paper is the analysis associated with the test program that was conducted at the University of Waterloo. The main objective was to develop a consistently accurate and practical method of predicting the ultimate bending strength of sections that fail in overall plate buckling. Recent testing carried out by previous researchers indicates …

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Shear Plus Bending In Lapped Z-Purlins, Keith Almoney, Thomas M. Murray Oct 1998

Shear Plus Bending In Lapped Z-Purlins, Keith Almoney, Thomas M. Murray

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

Six two purlin line, three span continuous Z-purlin tests were conducted to show that combined shear plus bending is a possible failure mode immediately outside the lapped portion of the purlin lines. AISI Specification provisions predicted that combined shear plus bending was the controlling limit state. Strain gage data showed that local buckling occurred immediately outside of the lapped portion of the purlins lines prior to failure which caused moment to redistribute to the positive moment region. It is concluded that shear plus bending is a possible controlling limit state for continuous lapped purlins.

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Web Crippling Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Unlipped Channels, Ben Young, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 1998

Web Crippling Behaviour Of Cold-Formed Unlipped Channels, Ben Young, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

An experimental investigation of cold-formed unlipped channels subject to web crippling is described. The tests were carried out under four loading conditions according to the AISI Specification, namely End-One-Flange (EOF), Interior-One-Flange (IOF), End-Two-Flange (ETF), and Interior-Two-Flange (ITF) loading. The concentrated load or reaction forces were applied by means of bearing plates which acted across the full flange widths of the channels. The web crippling test results are compared with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI 1996) Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4600-1996) for cold-formed steel structures. The design web crippling strength predictions given by the specifications have …

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Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Members, K. Prabakaran, R. M. Schuster Oct 1998

Web Crippling Of Cold Formed Steel Members, K. Prabakaran, R. M. Schuster

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A new design expression for web crippling of cold formed steel members has been developed. An extensive statistical analysis was performed using published test data from Canada, the United States, Sweden and France to develop new expressions for the web crippling strength of cold formed steel members under four different loading cases, i.e. (1) end one-flange loading (EOF), (2) interior one-flange loading (lOF), (3) end two-flange loading (ETF) and (4) interior two-flange loading (lTF). I-sections made of two channels connected back-to-back, Z-sections, channels and multiple web sections (decks) were considered. Comparisons were made with the web crippling expressions presented in …

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Columns Under Loads Of Varying Eccentricity, J. Rhodes Oct 1998

Columns Under Loads Of Varying Eccentricity, J. Rhodes

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

A series of tests on small lipped channel section columns is reported in this paper. The columns were loaded with varying degrees of eccentricity. The eccentricity of loading was produced by offsetting the loading line from the neutral axis of the section, and the offset could be set to a different degree at each end of the column. By this means the effect of moment variation along the column could be examined experimentally and the results compared with the predictions of different design codes for this type of loading. The predictions of the 1986 AISI Specification, the British Standard and …

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Shift Of The Effective Centroid Of Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen Oct 1998

Shift Of The Effective Centroid Of Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

In the design of pin-ended channel columns, it is necessary to account for the shift of the effective centroid caused by local buckling. The current American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI 1996) Specification and the Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS 4600-1996) for cold-formed steel structures calculate the shift by use of effective widths. However, the ability of the effective width rules to accurately predict this shift has not been experimentally assessed. In this paper, recent tests on fixed-ended channel columns are used to obtain values of the shift of the effective centroid, including its variation with the applied load. In the …

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Tests Of Cold-Formed Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen Oct 1998

Tests Of Cold-Formed Channel Columns, Ben Young, Kim J. R. Rasmussen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The paper presents a series of tests on cold-formed plain and lipped channel columns, compressed between fixed and pinned ends. While it is well-known that local buckling of pin-ended channel columns induces overall bending, this phenomenon does not occur in fixed-ended channel columns which remain straight after local buckling and only bend when overall buckling occurs. These fundamentally different effects of local buckling on the behaviour of pin-ended and fixed-ended channel sections lead to inconsistencies in traditional design approaches, which account for full or partial rotational end restraint solely by using effective lengths. A series of tests was performed on …

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A European Design Code For Pallet Racking, M. H. R. Godley, J. Michael Davies Oct 1998

A European Design Code For Pallet Racking, M. H. R. Godley, J. Michael Davies

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

The work leading to a European design code for pallet racking started almost 25 years ago. Many difficulties were encountered in the early days of this work. Notable were the absence of a consistent safety philosophy between the various countries of Europe and the existence of procedures with which the manufacturers were comfortable but which were potentially unsafe. There were also difficulties in defining acceptable standard. test procedures. The emergence of Eurocode 3, especially Part 1.3 dealing with cold formed sections, provided a new impetus to the work because here was a European code which provided the required basis for …

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Optimum Control Of A Hybrid System For Seismic Excitations With State Observer Technique, Franklin Y. Cheng, Hongping Jiang Oct 1998

Optimum Control Of A Hybrid System For Seismic Excitations With State Observer Technique, Franklin Y. Cheng, Hongping Jiang

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a theoretical study of a hybrid seismic response control system comprising a passive fluid viscous damper and an active control system with a hydraulic actuator and acceleration sensors. The analytical model of this system is derived in the discrete time domain with actuator and clamper dynamics considered. Based on digital control theory, a state observer is established for optimal control strategies of the hybrid system. This study shows that the hybrid system gains the advantages of both active and passive control techniques currently in vogue; and that, with the state observer technique, a seismic response control system …

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Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Aug 1998

Ccfss Technical Bulletin August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Technical Bulletins (1993 - 2020)

No abstract provided.

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Ccfss News August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Aug 1998

Ccfss News August 1998, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Newsletters (1999 - 2008)

No abstract provided.

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Fabrication Guidelines For Cold Bending (1998, Republished 2022), R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc. Jun 1998

Fabrication Guidelines For Cold Bending (1998, Republished 2022), R. L. Brockenbrough & Associates, Inc.

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

To avoid cracking plates during cold bending, it is necessary to adopt a suitable minimum inside bend radius, which typically varies with plate thickness and grade. However, because of the addition of new plate grades over the years, it was suspected that current limits may not have been developed on a consistent basis. Therefore, the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) initiated a program to develop rational limits in 1998. This study was made to review information obtained in recent tests and develop suggested fabrication guidelines.

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Disclaimer And Acknowledgments, University Of Missouri - Rolla Mar 1998

Disclaimer And Acknowledgments, University Of Missouri - Rolla

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Past Proceedings: Fourth International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis (1998), Multiple Authors Mar 1998

Past Proceedings: Fourth International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, St. Louis (1998), Multiple Authors

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Meet The Speakers, Multiple People Mar 1998

Meet The Speakers, Multiple People

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Preface, Shamsher Prakash Mar 1998

Preface, Shamsher Prakash

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Fourth International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, Multiple Authors Mar 1998

Fourth International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Authors Index, Multiple Authors Mar 1998

Authors Index, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Meet Our Authors, Multiple Authors Mar 1998

Meet Our Authors, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Organizing Committee, Multiple Members Mar 1998

Organizing Committee, Multiple Members

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Exhibitors, Multiple People Mar 1998

Exhibitors, Multiple People

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Participant List, Multiple Participants Mar 1998

Participant List, Multiple Participants

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Past Proceedings: First International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1984), Multiple Authors Mar 1998

Past Proceedings: First International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1984), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Past Proceedings: Second International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1988), Multiple Authors Mar 1998

Past Proceedings: Second International Conference On Case Histories In Geotechnical Engineering (1988), Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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