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Articles 4051 - 4080 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Soil Liquefaction And Ground Settlement In Chi-Chi Taiwan, Earthquake, Der-Her Lee, Chih-Sheng Ku, C. Hsein Juang Mar 2001

Soil Liquefaction And Ground Settlement In Chi-Chi Taiwan, Earthquake, Der-Her Lee, Chih-Sheng Ku, C. Hsein Juang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents an investigation of soil liquefaction and ground settlement in the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. The quake killed more than 2400 people and caused a great destruction to buildings, bridges, dams, highways and railways. One of the causes for heavy damages to the structures is soil liquefaction and ground settlement during the earthquake. Six sites that were observed to experience liquefaction are investigated through cone penetration testing (CPT), and the liquefaction potential of each site and the settlement of the liquefied soil strata are analyzed.

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Damage From Collapsed Backfill Rock And Soils Behind Retaining Walls Caused By Earthquake Shaking, Chester A. Carville Mar 2001

Damage From Collapsed Backfill Rock And Soils Behind Retaining Walls Caused By Earthquake Shaking, Chester A. Carville

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The 17 January 1994 Northridge Earthquake caused extensive damage to thousands of buildings and condominiums throughout the San Fernando Valley. Not only to the buildings’ structure, but also to the foundations and subdrain systems. This author investigated and documented hundreds of cases where condominium units experienced similar symptoms of damage resulting from collapsed backfill rock and soils from the earthquake forces. A typical condominium building investigated was of three story construction with an 8 to 10 foot high retaining wall on three sides of the 4 to 10 unit building to contain the garages and utility rooms. Some building slabs …

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Development Of Supreme Super High-Density Realtime Disaster Mitigation System For Gas Supply System, Yoshihisa Shimizu, Kenichi Koganemaru, Wataru Nakayama, Fumio Yamazaki Mar 2001

Development Of Supreme Super High-Density Realtime Disaster Mitigation System For Gas Supply System, Yoshihisa Shimizu, Kenichi Koganemaru, Wataru Nakayama, Fumio Yamazaki

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

With the 3,700 New SI sensors installed throughout its service area (3,100 km2), Tokyo Gas has started to develop its super high-density real-time disaster mitigation system "SUPREME" for gas supply systems. Immediately after an earthquake, seismic data from the New SI sensors is relayed to the main system where extremely precise estimates of the damage are made on the spot. Damage estimation consists of making an estimate of the surface distribution of seismic motion that takes account of the site amplification factor, and making an estimate of damage to the pipeline network that takes account of factors such …

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Seismic Microzonation Of Central Khartoum, Sudan, Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein, Jamal A. Abdalla, Ahmed M. Elsharief, Abu Bakr Abdelwahab, Elfatih O. Ahmed Mar 2001

Seismic Microzonation Of Central Khartoum, Sudan, Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein, Jamal A. Abdalla, Ahmed M. Elsharief, Abu Bakr Abdelwahab, Elfatih O. Ahmed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A preliminary seismic microzonation of Central Khartoum, Sudan is proposed. Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is located at the confluence of White and Blue Niles. The city is heavily populated. The Central Khartoum with its high rise buildings is the center of governmental and business activities and is located on strip adjacent to the Blue Nile. Geological and geotechnical data indicated that the subsoil conditions at Central Khartoum are characterized by alluvial deposits underlain by Nubian Sandstone below a depth of 20 m. The alluvial deposits locally known as Gezira formations, consist of clays grading into silt and sand with …

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Recent Studies On Seismic Analysis And Design Of Retaining Structures, Susumu Iai Mar 2001

Recent Studies On Seismic Analysis And Design Of Retaining Structures, Susumu Iai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The studies on seismic analysis and design of retaining walls in the recent years have revolved around the wall performance in the near-source zones. Major developments include: (1) the conventional limit equilibrium approach is extended based on the multiple failure plane concept; (2) a set of design charts for evaluating residual horizontal displacement of a gravity wall on yielding foundation are developed based on the parametric effective stress analysis; (3) applicability of the effective stress analysis on the retaining wall performance is confirmed by the case history during Hyogoken-Nambu, Kobe, earthquake; (4) major earthquake motion parameters that govern the wall …

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Dam Engineering — Earthquake Analysis, Pedro Simão Sêco E Pinto Mar 2001

Dam Engineering — Earthquake Analysis, Pedro Simão Sêco E Pinto

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The performance of dams subjected to earthquakes is addressed with particular emphasis of recent earthquakes. Analysis of dams stability during earthquakes by experimental and mathematical models is referred. Foundation studies for soil and rock materials are described and assessment of liquefaction potential is discussed. Selection of design earthquakes by deterministic and probabilistic criteria is presented. Also neotectonics and attenuation relations are described. Monitoring and dam safety during construction and operation are addressed. Reservoir induced seismicity and prototype dynamic tests are treated. Ageing effects and rehabilitation of dams are discussed. Benefits and concerns of dams are referred. Risk analysis is addressed. …

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Co-Sponsors, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Co-Sponsors, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Conference Schedule, Shamsher Prakash Mar 2001

Conference Schedule, Shamsher Prakash

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Citation (Kenji Ishihara), Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Citation (Kenji Ishihara), Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Spouses Program, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Spouses Program, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Response Of Mud In The Field Soil Improvement With Dynamic Drainage Consolidation, Zhangming Li, Mengdong Li, Qiang Feng Mar 2001

Dynamic Response Of Mud In The Field Soil Improvement With Dynamic Drainage Consolidation, Zhangming Li, Mengdong Li, Qiang Feng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The dynamic drainage consolidation (DDC) method is a relatively new technology for soft soil improvement. The method was adopted for the improvement of the mud at a site for the construction of a highway. The in-situ monitoring on the porewater pressures and settlements of the mud were taken for understanding its field dynamic properties. The site original data on the mechanical responses of the mud under dynamic loading were obtained and analyzed. The some important phenomena on pore water pressures were observed. The settlements induced by dynamic tamping and soil fill were also observed. Some basic mechanisms on the behavior …

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Evaluation Of Deformation-Strength Properties Of Volcanic Soils By Laboratory And In-Situ Testings, Tsuyoshi Asonuma, Seiichi Miura, Munetaka Mae Mar 2001

Evaluation Of Deformation-Strength Properties Of Volcanic Soils By Laboratory And In-Situ Testings, Tsuyoshi Asonuma, Seiichi Miura, Munetaka Mae

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The present study aims to clarify the deformation-strength properties of natural grounds consisting mainly of volcanic coarse-grained soils. Site investigations using cone penetration test (CPT), standard penetration test (SPT) and seismic cone penetration test (SCT) were performed at three sites in Hokkaido, Japan. In addition to these in-situ tests, a series of cyclic triaxial test on the undisturbed samples taken from their sites were also carried out to obtain the pseudo elastic shear modulus and damping ratio and their dependencies on strain level. From the test data, it was found that; (1) N-values obtained from SPT on crushable volcanic grounds …

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Measurement Of GMax And K0 Of Saturated Clay Using Bender Elements, Bartlomiej Grolewski, Xiangwu Zeng Mar 2001

Measurement Of GMax And K0 Of Saturated Clay Using Bender Elements, Bartlomiej Grolewski, Xiangwu Zeng

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Recent development in the application of bender element technique has made it possible to measure Gmax, and K0 of soils under complex anisotropic loading conditions. By measuring the shear wave velocities in different shear planes, the anisotropy in Gmax, of soil induced by anisotropic loading can be determined. The shear wave velocities can also be used to calculate the horizontal earth pressure coefficient at rest K0. This paper reports an experimental setup developed at the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, which uses bender elements to measure shear wave velocities in four …

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An Experimental Study To Assess The Shear Modulus Degradation By Fatigue Of Mexico City Clay, Víctor M. Taboada-Urtuzuástegui, Miguel P. Romo Mar 2001

An Experimental Study To Assess The Shear Modulus Degradation By Fatigue Of Mexico City Clay, Víctor M. Taboada-Urtuzuástegui, Miguel P. Romo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this research, the degradation by fatigue of Mexico City clay is studied using a triaxial equipment where the cyclic stress amplitude was maintained constant during the experiment. The variables considered in the study were the following: state of the soil, effective mean confining stress, magnitude of cyclic stress and number of loading cycles. Undisturbed samples, anisotropically and isotropically consolidated, were subjected to cyclic loading for this purpose. When analyzing the cyclic stress-strain response with the number of cycles a threshold of permanent deformation in function of the cyclic deviator stress and axial strain was found. When the cyclic strain …

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Evaluation Nonlinear Soil Response In Situ, Ellen M. Rathje, Ryan D. Phillips, Wen-Jong Chang, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii Mar 2001

Evaluation Nonlinear Soil Response In Situ, Ellen M. Rathje, Ryan D. Phillips, Wen-Jong Chang, Kenneth H. Stokoe Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Evaluation of nonlinear soil properties is an important concern in geotechnical earthquake engineering. Typically, nonlinear properties are expressed in terms of the nonlinear reduction in shear and constrained moduli with strain and the nonlinear increase in material damping in shear and constrained compression with strain. At this time, there is essentially total dependency on laboratory testing to evaluate nonlinear soil properties. The accuracy and limitations involved in modeling in situ properties with laboratory evaluated properties remains to be studied. In an attempt to evaluate nonlinear soil properties directly in the field, an in situ test method is being developed at …

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Compressibility Of Liquefied Sand, Yasushi Sasaki, Jun Ohbayashi, Yoshiaki Ogata Mar 2001

Compressibility Of Liquefied Sand, Yasushi Sasaki, Jun Ohbayashi, Yoshiaki Ogata

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Laboratory measurement using CCD camera was conducted to trace the sedimentation process of sand grains in a liquefied model layer. The purpose of this measurement was basically intended to obtain a visual evidence of appearance of suspended state in upper part of the liquefied soil. For this purpose, glass bead particles were used as model ground material. The test results prevailed that the glass bead grains were suspended in pore water at the instant when complete liquefaction was brought about to the layer, then they began to settle in the water. The measured pore water kept high value until grains …

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Dynamic Behavior Of Tailings, O. Flores C., M. P. Romo O. Mar 2001

Dynamic Behavior Of Tailings, O. Flores C., M. P. Romo O.

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This article presents results of samples tested on a resonant column apparatus. The samples were formed of soil coming from mining residues (tailings), the testing program makes emphasis in the variables that influence the behavior. Finally, the interpretation of the results is made with a knowledge-based procedure and a Masing type model.

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The Modelling Of Free Field Traffic Induced Vibrations By Means Of A Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Approach, G. Lombaert, G. Degrande Mar 2001

The Modelling Of Free Field Traffic Induced Vibrations By Means Of A Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction Approach, G. Lombaert, G. Degrande

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper deals with the numerical modelling of free field traffic induced vibrations during the passage of a vehicle on an uneven road. The road unevenness subjects the vehicle to vertical oscillations that cause dynamic axle loads. A simple 2D vehicle model is used for the calculation of the axle loads from the longitudinal road profile. The free field soil response is calculated with the dynamic Betti-Rayleigh reciprocity theorem, using a transfer function between the road and the receiver that accounts for dynamic road-soil interaction. The calculation of the transfer function is based on a dynamic substructure method with a …

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Liquefaction Potential Of Railway Embankments, Miguel A. Pando, C. Guney Olgun, James R. Martin Ii Mar 2001

Liquefaction Potential Of Railway Embankments, Miguel A. Pando, C. Guney Olgun, James R. Martin Ii

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents an overview of the nature of train-induced vibrations and discusses the liquefaction potential of railway embankments under such low-level vibrations. The paper also presents the results of static and dynamic finite difference numerical analyses performed for a simple railway embankment geometry. The liquefaction potential for the railway embankment foundation was estimated using the results corn FLAC numerical analyses, as well as a cyclic shear stress liquefaction resistance approach using a modified cyclic resistance ratio curve. Liquefaction of railway embankment foundations was found to be possible. However, based on the majority of reported failures the liquefaction potential remains …

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Response Of Circular Foundation Subjected To Dynamic Forces In Sandy Soils, M. K. Uddin Mar 2001

Response Of Circular Foundation Subjected To Dynamic Forces In Sandy Soils, M. K. Uddin

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In a machine-foundation soil system, the frequency and amplitude have to be controlled by suitable means such as by balancing of dynamic loads or using suitable foundation. The dynamic forces can be transmitted to the soil through the foundation by appropriate selection of foundation mass or by using damping. This paper is the outcome of a research study conducted recently to investigate dynamic response of circular foundation in sandy soils. The paper concentrates on dynamic behavior for circular foundation with cap-anchor made of reinforced cement concrete. The influence of increase of base diameter of cap-anchor foundation on resonant frequency and …

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An Experimental Investigation On Trench Isolation Techniques For Vibration Control, E. Saibaba Reddy, K. Rama Sastri, M. Abishekar Paul Mar 2001

An Experimental Investigation On Trench Isolation Techniques For Vibration Control, E. Saibaba Reddy, K. Rama Sastri, M. Abishekar Paul

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

One of the methods of controlling vibration amplitudes at source is by adopting active isolation techniques. Trench barriers are identified as methods of isolation. This paper deals with series experimental investigation carried out on block vibration tests with active isolation trench barriers. The parameters like depth of embedment, dimensions of trench, fill material in trench etc., are studied by carrying out the block vibration test in field. The results are analysed to identify the influence of those parameters.

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Uncertainties And Residuals In Ground Motion Estimates At Soil Sites, Jonathan P. Stewart, Mehmet B. Baturay Mar 2001

Uncertainties And Residuals In Ground Motion Estimates At Soil Sites, Jonathan P. Stewart, Mehmet B. Baturay

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

For a given seismic source, ground motions at soil sites can be estimated using either soil attenuation relationships, or ground response analyses with input motions scaled to match spectral ordinates from rock attenuation relationships. Ground response analyses are performed with the expectation that accounting for nonlinear sediment response improves the accuracy and reduces the uncertainty in estimated motions. Discussed here are the benefits of ground response analyses as a function of site condition. This is accomplished by preparing statistical predictions of ground motions at 36 strong motion recording sites on soil. Two predictions are made, one using a modified soil …

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Nonlinear Site Response During The 7 September 1999 Athens, Greece, Earthquake (MW 5.6), P. Dimitriu, A. Anastasiadis, N. Theodulidis, N. Klimis Mar 2001

Nonlinear Site Response During The 7 September 1999 Athens, Greece, Earthquake (MW 5.6), P. Dimitriu, A. Anastasiadis, N. Theodulidis, N. Klimis

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The largest available strong-motion recording (PGA=0.35g), least affected by topography, structural response and/or soil-structure interaction, is investigated for possible nonlinear site response during the M, 5.9 Athens earthquake of 7 September 1999. Smoothed horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) are calculated in subsequent overlapping 3.5-s windows, thus covering a wide range of excitation levels. Mean HVSR curves are computed for a so-called “weak-“ and “strong-“ motion range (mean horizontal ground acceleration in window, MGA<=10.2 cm/s/s and >=20.5 cm/s/s). The two curves have similar shape, with the “strong” curve visibly shifted toward lower frequencies relative to the “weak” one; the dominant site resonance occurs at …

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3d Fern Analysis Of Ground Vibration Measures For Stationary And Moving Transit Source, Lindita Kellezi, Niels Foged Mar 2001

3d Fern Analysis Of Ground Vibration Measures For Stationary And Moving Transit Source, Lindita Kellezi, Niels Foged

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Ground Vibration Measures are often employed to reduce through-soil, road or railway traffic-induced disturbances or ground vibrations caused from machine foundations. This kind of problem is sometimes a major concern in densely populated urban areas situated at soft soil conditions and for structures operating sensitive equipments. In this paper a full three-dimensional (3D) FEM investigation of the effectiveness of vertical, rectangular cross-section, wave barriers (open trenches and concrete walls) in reducing ground vibrations is carried out. The reduction capacity of these measures is also compared with an array of concrete piles or sheet piles, which replaces them. The analysis considers …

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Influence Of Earthquake Source Parameters And Damping On Elastic Response Spectra, Mohsen Tehranizadeh, Farzaneh Hamedi Mar 2001

Influence Of Earthquake Source Parameters And Damping On Elastic Response Spectra, Mohsen Tehranizadeh, Farzaneh Hamedi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this paper the influence of effective duration of strong motion, soil condition, magnitude and shape of accelerogram time history on elastic response spectra have been investigated. A total of 106 Iran’s horizontal acceleration components strong motion records are selected. These accelerograms are categorized in accordance with their earthquake parameters and soil condition of recording station and the influence of different soil conditions are plotted in graphs. The influence of damping ratio on the response spectra is also investigated. Analytical results show that the influence of soil condition is very significant on the shape of response spectra. The influence of …

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Seismic Response On Dense And Loose Sand Columns, Korhan Adalier, Ahmed-W. Elgamal Mar 2001

Seismic Response On Dense And Loose Sand Columns, Korhan Adalier, Ahmed-W. Elgamal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Densification (Compaction) of loose saturated soils has been the most popular method of reducing earthquake related liquefaction potential. Compaction of a foundation soil can be economical when limited in extent, leading to a case of an “island” of improved ground (surrounded by unimproved ground). The behavior of the densified sand surrounded by liquefied loose sand during and following earthquakes is of great importance in order to design the compacted area rationally and optimize both safety and economy. This problem is studied herein by means of dynamic centrifuge model tests. The results of two heavily instrumented-dynamic centrifuge tests on glycerin-water saturated …

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Seismic Amplification Of Typical New York City Soil Profiles, Sissy Nikolaou, Peter Edinger Mar 2001

Seismic Amplification Of Typical New York City Soil Profiles, Sissy Nikolaou, Peter Edinger

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Amplification studies for New York City (NYC) soil sites are summarized herein. Ten (10) typical soil profiles from Brooklyn, Queens, and Manhattan, are analyzed using one-dimensional SHAKE methods. Dynamic soil properties are derived using state-of-practice correlations with standard penetration resistance and compared to available in-situ geophysical measurements. Three different rock motions are utilized, each modified from real records to match 500- and 2500-year probabilistic spectra. Results are presented in terms of dimensionless ratios of response spectra (RRS) and surface response spectra. The effect of the impedance contrast between soil and rock on soil amplification is examined. It is shown that …

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Post-Liquefaction Pore Pressure Dissipation And Densification In Silty Soils, S. Thevanayagam, G. R. Martin, T, Shenthan, J. Liang Mar 2001

Post-Liquefaction Pore Pressure Dissipation And Densification In Silty Soils, S. Thevanayagam, G. R. Martin, T, Shenthan, J. Liang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Pore pressure generation, and post-liquefaction dissipation and densification characteristics are data essential for detailed analysis of performance of sites containing liquefiable sands during and after earthquakes. These characteristics are also necessary for the design, analysis and choice of appropriate ground modification systems to mitigate liquefaction-induced hazards. Past research has addressed such material characteristics for clean sands. However, there are many sites that comprise non-plastic silts or silty sands have experienced liquefaction-induced damage. This paper presents results from an experimental study on silts and silty sands. Pore pressure generation characteristics are evaluated and compared with that of sands. Pre- and post-liquefaction …

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Seismic Liquefaction Assessment For The Jfk Light Rail System Project, Fathey N. Elsaid Mar 2001

Seismic Liquefaction Assessment For The Jfk Light Rail System Project, Fathey N. Elsaid

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

A procedure to evaluate seismic liquefaction potential based on ground response analysis and in-situ characteristics of the soil deposits is developed. This procedure uses the correlation between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) N60 blow-counts, and the shear wave velocities to establish Shear Wave Velocity (SWV) profiles. The SWV profiles along with soil properties from the subswface investigation, and the design earthquake time history are then used to perform seismic response analysis for the stratified soil deposits. Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) profiles are determined from maximum earthquake induced shear stress profiles, based on seismic response analysis, and effective overburden pressures. …

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Seismic Evaluation And Remediation Of Embankment Dam, Nasim Uddin, J. F. Baltz Mar 2001

Seismic Evaluation And Remediation Of Embankment Dam, Nasim Uddin, J. F. Baltz

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The seismic stability of the Croton Dam left embankment, was evaluated for potential earthquake ground motions. Field and laboratory test results were used to characterize the static and dynamic properties of the embankment and foundation materials. Results showed liquefaction and strength loss in certain zones of the embankment resulting in large deformation of the slope. Remediation of these areas of the dam was necessary. Various techniques were evaluated including drainage, construction of a berm at toe, vibro-grouted stone columns and compaction grouting. Compaction grouting was selected.

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