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Articles 3991 - 4020 of 7866

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Biotransformation Of Various Substituted Aromatic Compounds To Chiral Dihydrodihydroxy Derivatives, Henning Raschke, Michael Meier, Roland Hany, Markus D. Muller, Jan Roelof Van Der Meer, Hans-Peter E. Kohler, Joel Gerard Burken Aug 2001

Biotransformation Of Various Substituted Aromatic Compounds To Chiral Dihydrodihydroxy Derivatives, Henning Raschke, Michael Meier, Roland Hany, Markus D. Muller, Jan Roelof Van Der Meer, Hans-Peter E. Kohler, Joel Gerard Burken

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The biotransformation of four different classes of aromatic compounds by the Escherichia coli strain DH5α(pTCB 144), which contained the chlorobenzene dioxygenase (CDO) from Pseudomonas sp. strain P51, was examined. CDO oxidized biphenyl as well as monochlorobiphenyls to the corresponding cis-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxy derivatives, whereby oxidation occurred on the unsubstituted ring. No higher substituted biphenyls were oxidized. The absolute configurations of several monosubstituted cis-benzene dihydrodiols formed by CDO were determined. All had an S configuration at the carbon atom in meta position to the substituent on the benzene nucleus. with one exception, the enantiomeric excess of several 1,4-disubstituted cis-benzene dihydrodiols formed by CDO …

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Design Of Bearing Stiffeners In Cold Formed Steel C-Sections, American Iron And Steel Institute Jul 2001

Design Of Bearing Stiffeners In Cold Formed Steel C-Sections, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Benzene Toxicity And Removal In Laboratory Phytoremediation Studies, Joel Gerard Burken, Carla Ross, Lisa M. Harrison, Adrian Marsh, Lars Zetterstrom, Juel S. Gibbons Jul 2001

Benzene Toxicity And Removal In Laboratory Phytoremediation Studies, Joel Gerard Burken, Carla Ross, Lisa M. Harrison, Adrian Marsh, Lars Zetterstrom, Juel S. Gibbons

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Hybrid Poplar Cuttings Were Shown to Impact the Fate and Transport of Subsurface Benzene, While Toxicity to the Poplars Was Not Observed. Laboratory Experiments Investigated the Toxicity Response of Poplar Cuttings to Benzene Exposure, Contaminant Distribution in Plant Tissues, Contaminant Degradation in the Soil Profile, and Contaminant Volatilization from the Soil and Plant Tissues. Two Separate Studies Were Conducted to Evaluate These Parameters. the First Study Examined the Toxicity of Benzene to Hybrid Poplar Cuttings in Batch Reactors. Poplar Cuttings Were Exposed to Various Concentrations of Benzene Contaminated Water in Two Different Types of Soil. Transpiration Rates Were Measured as …

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Arc Spot Welds In Sheet-To-Sheet Connections, Roger A. Laboube Jun 2001

Arc Spot Welds In Sheet-To-Sheet Connections, Roger A. Laboube

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

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Asymmetric Low-Velocity Impact Of A Finite Layer, Minggang Zhou, William P. Schonberg May 2001

Asymmetric Low-Velocity Impact Of A Finite Layer, Minggang Zhou, William P. Schonberg

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dynamic indentation of structural elements such as beams and plates continues to be an intriguing problem, especially for scenarios where large area contacts can occur. Standard methods of indentation analysis typically use a dynamic beam theory solution to obtain an overall load-displacement relationship and then a Hertzian contact solution to determine local stresses under the impactor. However, previous static and dynamic modeling efforts have shown that the stress distribution in the contact region will differ significantly from a Hertzian one when the contact length exceeds the thickness of the beam. In such cases point contact can no longer be …

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Strain Rate And Aging Effect On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels, Chi Ling Pan, Shaojie Wu, Wei Wen Yu May 2001

Strain Rate And Aging Effect On The Mechanical Properties Of Sheet Steels, Chi Ling Pan, Shaojie Wu, Wei Wen Yu

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study was primarily involved with the experimental determination of the dynamic mechanical properties of five different sheet steels. The nominal yield strengths of these five types of sheet steels ranged from 172 to 690 MPa (25-100 ksi) and the range of strain rates varied from 10-4 to 1.0 mm/mm/s. All these five materials were studied in both longitudinal and transverse directions under various strain rates, and some materials were also tested under different strain rates and different amounts of prior cold stretching. In addition, two types of steels were tested to estimate the aging effect on the mechanical properties …

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Diagnostic Load Testing Of Two-Way Posttensioned Concrete Slab, Antonio Nanni, M. Mettemeyer May 2001

Diagnostic Load Testing Of Two-Way Posttensioned Concrete Slab, Antonio Nanni, M. Mettemeyer

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Diagnostic load testing techniques have been used to verify in situ that existing structures have the required load-carrying capacity. This paper discusses the diagnostic load testing and finite-element modeling of a two-way posttensioned concrete slab with the purpose of illustrating the features of this full-scale testing method. The slab was modeled using a commercial finite-element package and the results were verified experimentally. The test loads were applied using hydraulic jacks. Negative internal bending moments were generated at critical locations equivalent to those produced by a 92 psf (4.40 kPa) superimposed uniformly distributed load. Positive internal bending moments were also produced …

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Axial Strength Of Purlins Attached To Standing Seam Roof Panels, John A. Stolarczyk, James M. Fisher May 2001

Axial Strength Of Purlins Attached To Standing Seam Roof Panels, John A. Stolarczyk, James M. Fisher

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

The purpose of this research was to determine the axial load capacity of Z-purlins with one flange attached to a standing seam roof system. The axial load capacity was determined by developing a relationship between the flexural uplift buckling strength and the axial buckling strength in the Z-purlin. This relationship was investigated using finite element models and by conducting a parametric study. At the conclusion of the parametric study, confirmatory tests were conducted to verify the finite element results. Lastly, a relationship has been provided that relates the axial buckling strength in the Z-purlin to the flexural uplift buckling strength.

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Self-Monitoring, Pseudo-Ductile, Hybrid Frp Reinforcement Rods For Concrete Applications, C. E. Bakis, Antonio Nanni, J. A. Terosky, S. W. Koehler May 2001

Self-Monitoring, Pseudo-Ductile, Hybrid Frp Reinforcement Rods For Concrete Applications, C. E. Bakis, Antonio Nanni, J. A. Terosky, S. W. Koehler

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The feasibility of hybrid -fiber-reinforced-polymer rods that demonstrate the important safety features of self-monitoring capability and pseudo-ductility is demonstrated. The rods are intended to be the basis of improved pultruded reinforcements for concrete or other civil applications where safety is of critical importance. The lowest elongation fiber in the seven rods investigated is carbon, which by virtue of its piezo resistivity allows the monitoring of deformation and fracture throughout an entire rod with simple electronic equipment. Resistance measurements obtained during quasi-static tests clearly reveal failure of the carbon fibers. Following this easily detected event, higher loads can be safely sustained …

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Characterization Of Frp Rods As Near-Surface Mounted Reinforcement, Laura De Lorenzis, Antonio Nanni May 2001

Characterization Of Frp Rods As Near-Surface Mounted Reinforcement, Laura De Lorenzis, Antonio Nanni

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The use of near surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rods is a promising technology for increasing flexural and shear strength of deficient reinforced concrete (RC) members. As this technology emerges, the structural behavior of RC elements strengthened with NSM FRP rods needs to be fully characterized. Given the variability of material properties and groove geometry, this requires that the tensile properties of the FRP rod and the mechanics of load transfer between NSM FRP rods and concrete be investigated. Tensile and bond tests on commercially available carbon FRP deformed rods for application as NSM reinforcement were carried out using …

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Destructive And Non-Destructive Testing Of Bridge J857 Phelps County, Missouri : Strengthening And Testing To Failure Of Bridge Piers, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni, Genda Chen Apr 2001

Destructive And Non-Destructive Testing Of Bridge J857 Phelps County, Missouri : Strengthening And Testing To Failure Of Bridge Piers, Tarek Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni, Genda Chen

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Many of the existing reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers constructed in the first half of this century were designed as gravity piers with minimal flexural reinforcement and no consideration to seismically induced lateral forces. When considered in earlier designs, the seismic lateral forces were typically low. The potential risk of failure of columns on these piers under a moderate earthquake is becoming a growing concern for the transportation management agencies. In addition, flexural strength deficiency in RC columns may arise from the loss of reinforcement due to corrosion, premature termination of the main reinforcement, or inadequate splicing. One method for …

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Fourth International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors Mar 2001

Fourth International Conferences On Recent Advances On In Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering And Soil Dynamics, Multiple Authors

International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Ensemble - Opening Ceremonies, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Photographic Ensemble - Opening Ceremonies, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Ensemble - Posters, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Photographic Ensemble - Posters, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Photographic Ensemble - Conference Banquet, Multiple Participants Mar 2001

Photographic Ensemble - Conference Banquet, Multiple Participants

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

No abstract provided.

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Comparison Of Frequency Spectra For Micotremors, After Shocks (M=2.5-4.7) And The Main Shock Of The Spitak Earthquake Obtained On Massive Lake-River Formations In The Region Of Giumry (Armenia), Hrachya Abrahamyan Mar 2001

Comparison Of Frequency Spectra For Micotremors, After Shocks (M=2.5-4.7) And The Main Shock Of The Spitak Earthquake Obtained On Massive Lake-River Formations In The Region Of Giumry (Armenia), Hrachya Abrahamyan

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

On December 7, 1988 a disastrous earthquake with magnitude M=7.0 took place in the northern part of Armenia, during which in Giumry (former Leninakan) large-scale destruction of standardized buildings with epicentral distance 35 km was observed. This forced us to set a task: to find connection between large-scale destruction and some dynamic peculiarities of grounds on the territory of the city. The present article makes an attempt to explain the significance of the upper engineering-geological stratum (20-30 m) and that of the lower massive lake-river formations. Basing ourselves on a great number of instrumental observations we tried to compare prevailing …

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Use Of Cyclic Simple Shear Testing In Evaluation Of The Deformation Potential Of Liquefiable Soils, A. M. Kammerer, J. Wu, M. Riemer, J. M. Pestana, R. B. Seed Mar 2001

Use Of Cyclic Simple Shear Testing In Evaluation Of The Deformation Potential Of Liquefiable Soils, A. M. Kammerer, J. Wu, M. Riemer, J. M. Pestana, R. B. Seed

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In recent years, a significant research effort has been focused on assessing the performance of structures founded on potentially liquefiable materials. While significant progress has been made on predictive tools for cases in which large deformations are likely, the ability to accurately and reliably predict small to moderate lateral deformations (<1m) has proven more elusive. As a result, there is a universal need for high quality, element-level laboratory test data to calibrate and validate constitutive laws and numerical models for predicting the deformation of soil with limited liquefaction potential. To address this increasingly urgent need, a comprehensive cyclic simple shear testing program on liquefiable sands has been undertaken using the UC Berkeley Bi-directional Simple Shear Device. Many of the tests performed have new and innovative aspects that can provide information and insight into the behavior of soils showing limited deformation potential. Descried in this paper are results from a Kα test series, which replicates sloping ground conditions, and a newly developed and innovative “fabric” test series, which examines the influence of previous loading history on soil fabric and behavior.

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Volumetric And Shear Deformation Of A Saturated Clay Under Cyclic Loading, Takeo Moriwaki, Eiji Okumiya, Masami Saitoh Mar 2001

Volumetric And Shear Deformation Of A Saturated Clay Under Cyclic Loading, Takeo Moriwaki, Eiji Okumiya, Masami Saitoh

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In order to clarify consolidation behavior of clay ground under cyclic loading, a series of cyclic triaxial consolidation tests was carried out for clay samples cured at a high temperature, whose mechanical properties are similar to those of undisturbed natural clay samples, and for usual clay samples cured at the room temperature. The pre-consolidation in the triaxial tests was carried out under K0 condition to simulate the consolidation history of naturally deposited clay ground. As the results, it was found that it makes differences to the cyclic triaxial consolidation behavior not only whether the used sample is the high …

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Dynamic Behavior Of Geogrid-Reinforced Soil, A. R. Santhakumar, Arvind K. Verma, T. V. S. R. Appa Rao Mar 2001

Dynamic Behavior Of Geogrid-Reinforced Soil, A. R. Santhakumar, Arvind K. Verma, T. V. S. R. Appa Rao

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Geosynthetic materials particularly geogrids are widely used as reinforcement and is a proven technology for enhancing the performance of the foundation soil system under monotonic loadings. But the dynamic behavior of the reinforced foundation soil has not been well understood so far, and therefore dynamic loads (square wave pulse) of frequencies 0.2, 0.4 and 1 hertz under an amplitude of displacement of 2mm have been studied by carrying out dynamic plate loading tests on both unreinforced and the reinforced sandy beds. The size of the square plate is 150mm x 150mm x 30mm.

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Deformation Characteristics Of Hydraulic-Filled Choesionless Soils In Korea, Dong-Soo Kim, Yun-Wook Choo Mar 2001

Deformation Characteristics Of Hydraulic-Filled Choesionless Soils In Korea, Dong-Soo Kim, Yun-Wook Choo

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

In this study, deformation characteristics of hydraulic-tilled cohesionless soils in Korea were investigated using resonant column tests. Seven representative hydraulic-tilled soil samples, which mostly classified as SM, SP or SP-SM, were collected along the coastal area in Korea, and the deformational characteristics at small to medium strains (10-4 % ~ 0.1 %) were investigated. The predicting equation of small-strain shear modulus, Gmax was suggested using Hardin model. At strains above elastic threshold, the variations of shear modulus (G) and damping ratio (D) with strain amplitude were investigated at various densities and confining pressures. The normalized modulus reduction curve …

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A Method For Estimating Non-Stationary Variation Of Soil Rigidity During Strong Motions, Makoto Kamiyama, Masaru Yoshida Mar 2001

A Method For Estimating Non-Stationary Variation Of Soil Rigidity During Strong Motions, Makoto Kamiyama, Masaru Yoshida

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper provides a method for estimating the non-stationary variations of rigidity and damping of soils related intimately to the non-linear earthquake responses of ground. This method uses the concept of the “Complex Envelope” to inversely estimate soil rigidity and damping from the time histories of stress and strain induced in soils. It is quite different from the conventional method, which uses graphical technique for the stress-strain orbit, in the point of quantitatively estimating the time-dependent variations of soil rigidity and damping. The validity of the method is first discussed using theoretical derivations and numerical simulations. It is then applied …

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Effective Stress Analysis For Evaluating The Effect Of The Sand Compaction Pile Method During The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Shigeru Miwa, Mitsuo Nozu, Osamu Ozutsumi, Susumu Iai, Atsushi Yashima, Susumu Yasuda Mar 2001

Effective Stress Analysis For Evaluating The Effect Of The Sand Compaction Pile Method During The 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu Earthquake, Shigeru Miwa, Mitsuo Nozu, Osamu Ozutsumi, Susumu Iai, Atsushi Yashima, Susumu Yasuda

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The effect of the sand compaction pile method as a countermeasure for liquefaction mainly consists of three factors: increase in the density, increase in the horizontal effective stress and stabilization of microstructure. Proper evaluation of the effect of improvement is important for estimating the seismic behavior of the ground improved by the sand compaction pile method. How to incorporate the effect and its factors into an analytical model was investigated by simulating the seismic behavior of the ground at two sites during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake with the effective stress analysis method “FLIP.” It was found that not only the …

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Prediction Of Lateral Displacements Induced By Liquefaction In The Port Of Manzanillo, Mexico During The Earthquake Of October 9, 1995, Víctor M. Taboada-Urtuzuástegui, Francisco J. Villegas-Rodríguez, Francisco Hernández-Martinez Mar 2001

Prediction Of Lateral Displacements Induced By Liquefaction In The Port Of Manzanillo, Mexico During The Earthquake Of October 9, 1995, Víctor M. Taboada-Urtuzuástegui, Francisco J. Villegas-Rodríguez, Francisco Hernández-Martinez

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents the prediction of the lateral displacements due to liquefaction in the yards of the Container Terminal at San Pedrito in the Mexican port of Manzanillo during the earthquake of October 9, 1995 (Ms=7.3, Mw=8.0). It describes briefly the results of field and laboratory tests carried out after the earthquake in order to obtain the required parameters to compute lateral displacements using the Newmark model and a modified Newmark block analysis which takes account of dilatant behavior; the models were calibrated with results of centrifuge experiments. Field data and simplified liquefaction analysis showed that …

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Seismic Design Of Tialings Dam An Overview Of Its Evolution And New Challenges, Robert C. Lo, Earle J. Klohn, W. D. Liam Finn Mar 2001

Seismic Design Of Tialings Dam An Overview Of Its Evolution And New Challenges, Robert C. Lo, Earle J. Klohn, W. D. Liam Finn

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper first provides an overview of the evolution of tailings dam engineering over the years. It then highlights key factors affecting seismic performance of tailings dams: such as site seismicity, foundation and damfill geotechnical characteristics, dam design, construction, operation and decommissioning, seismic slope stability, and dam rehabilitation. Finally, it reviews some of the recent trends that lead to new challenges to the engineering profession. These challenges include: coping with heightened public concern about dam safety; balancing potential conflict between seismic and environmental requirements; and addressing issues introduced by globalisation of the mining industry. Institutional responses and technological tools available …

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Seismic Safety Analysis Of Earth Dam — Case History Studies, J. C. Chern, M. S. Tsai Mar 2001

Seismic Safety Analysis Of Earth Dam — Case History Studies, J. C. Chern, M. S. Tsai

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The method of seismic safety analysis for earth dam was examined by using actual performances of earth dams during the Chi-Chi Earthquake. Results of analysis under design earthquakes were also collected and compared with the performance records of earth dams. From the results of these studies, it appears that the Seed-Lee-Idriss approach can provide reasonable predictions on the dynamic responses and post-earthquake performance of well-compacted earth dam.

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3-D Dynamic Analysis For Stability Of Geotechnical Structures, Behrouz Gatmiri, Kamran-Charles Vossoughi, Bahar Jenab-Vossoughi Mar 2001

3-D Dynamic Analysis For Stability Of Geotechnical Structures, Behrouz Gatmiri, Kamran-Charles Vossoughi, Bahar Jenab-Vossoughi

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper presents the interests of using a three-dimensional finite element model with an adequate elasto-plastic constitutive law for analyzing problems related to the construction of a complex geotechnical structure. As displacements and ground surface settlements are the key factors, which cause damages to the structure, these parameters have been carefully investigated. The stability of the whole structure is studied as well as the stability of each component. Both static and dynamic analyses (modal and spectral analysis) are performed.

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Lateral Impedance Of Single Piles In Inhomogeneous Soil, George Mylonakis, Demetri Roumbas Mar 2001

Lateral Impedance Of Single Piles In Inhomogeneous Soil, George Mylonakis, Demetri Roumbas

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The flexural stiffness and damping (dynamic impedance) of a single vertical pile in an inhomogeneous soil deposit with continuously increasing stiffness with depth, is studied. An analytical formulation based on the Beam-on-Dynamic-Winkler-Foundation (BDWF) model is implemented. The model is used in conjunction with a virtual work approximation and pertinent shape functions for the deflected shape of a long flexible pile, which are analogous to those used in finite-element formulations. Explicit closed-form solutions are derived for: (1) the dynamic pile stiffness; and (2) the damping coefficient at the pile head. Both swaying and rocking vibrations are considered and all associated impedance …

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Seismic Soil Structure Interaction Analyses Of An Office Building In Oakland, California, Joseph Wartman, Shahriar Vahdani, Linda Liang Mar 2001

Seismic Soil Structure Interaction Analyses Of An Office Building In Oakland, California, Joseph Wartman, Shahriar Vahdani, Linda Liang

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

This paper discusses soil-structure interaction (SSI) analyses for a 10-story office building with three levels of basement (10 meters) located in downtown Oakland, California. The objectives of these analyses were to assess the effects of SSI on the response of the building and to develop ground-level input earthquake motions at the base of the building for use by the project structural engineer. The SSI analyses were conducted using the two-dimensional finite element program FLUSH. The results of these analyses indicate that SSI has a negligible effect on horizontal ground motions at and near the building’s predominant period (T ~ 1.8 …

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Seismic Analysis And Retrofit Of Dock Walls, Andrew J. Mair, David Muir Wood Mar 2001

Seismic Analysis And Retrofit Of Dock Walls, Andrew J. Mair, David Muir Wood

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

Numerical analyses have been performed in order to assess the performance of old dock walls under earthquake loading and, if necessary, to develop appropriate remedial measures and check the seismic performance of these. This paper describes the procedures that have been adopted in order to use the numerical analysis program FLAC for time domain analyses. Boundary conditions have been chosen in order to permit synthetic time histories of base motion to be applied to the models. Fills have been modelled as elastic-Mohr-Coulomb frictional materials; concrete and masonry have been modelled as elastic materials, but the inclusion of interfaces representing construction …

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Design Of Tunnels Located Near Slopes In Seismic Areas, Nina N. Fotieva, Nikolay S. Bulychev, Andrew S. Sammal Mar 2001

Design Of Tunnels Located Near Slopes In Seismic Areas, Nina N. Fotieva, Nikolay S. Bulychev, Andrew S. Sammal

International Conferences on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics

The original approach to the problem of designing circular tunnel linings located near slopes upon seismic effects consisting in the determination of the most unfavourable stress state in the every lining radial section at different combinations and any directions of long longitudinal and shear waves propagating in the plane of the tunnel cross-section is described in the paper presented. The analytical methods of determining the tunnel lining stress state caused by static loads namely by the rock own weight and the vertical load uniformly distributed on the part of the inclined straight boundary simulating the weight of building or structure …

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