Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Application Of Electronic Analog Computer To Solution Of Hydrologic And River Basin Planning Problems: Utah Simulation Model Ii, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream hydrologic system. At Utah State University this problem is being approached by electronic analog simulation of the hydrologic system. Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various hydrologic processes. Within a system, these relationships are linked by the continuity -of-mass principle which requires a hydrologic balance at all points. Once established, the model is applied to any particular geographic unit by determining the appropriate constants of the hydrologic equations. The analog computer is ideally suited …

Evaluation Of Chemical Composition And Particle Size Gradation Of Evaporation-Reducing, Monolayer-Forming Materials, Vaughn E. Hansen, Gaylord V. Skogerboe

Reports

Initial field testing began shortly after the arrival of materials in August, 1964. The field experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of the long-chain alcohol C20 and particle size gradation on the effectiveness of evaporation retardants when applied by aerial techniques. The materials which were tested at Utah Lake are listed below.

Graphical Solutions To Frequently Encountered Fluid Flow Problems, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Introduction

Graphical methods are often used by engineers to solve frequently used or complex formulas which require trial and error solutions. Perhaps the best known graphical tool used by the engineer is the slide rule, but anyone familiar with its use will recognize its limitations both in time and accuracy. For many problems which involve many repetitive computations high speed digital or analog computers are the most effective tools for solution. There are, however, many problems requiring considerable engineering time for slide rule solutions where solutions are not justifiable on computers. The use of nomograms for such problems is desirable. …

Water Vapor Measurements Using Infrared Absorption, Duard S. Woffinden

Reports

Man’s attempt to control the amount of available water has taken two approaches, i.e., weather modification and water storage through the use of man-made reservoirs. In either case, it is necessary to ascertain the water vapor content of the atmosphere. In the case of weather modification, if the water vapor content is insufficient, it is futile to attempt to start precipitation. In the case of reservoirs, it is important to know the evaporation rate since it has been demonstrated that some reservoirs provide a net negative contribution to the total water supply by increasing the normal evaporation losses. Any attempt …

Submerged Parshall Flumes Of Small Size, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, J. Raymond Johnson, Joe D. England

Reports

The calibration of small Parshall flumes for measuring flows ranging in magnitude from 0.1 to 1.1 cubic feet per second (cfs) was accomplished by A. R. Robinson (1960) at Colorado State University. The purpose of Robinson’s investigation was to accurately calibrate and standardize the design of small Parshall measuring flumes. The rated flumes were constructed of galvanized sheet metal. Data was collected for Parshall flumes having throat widths of 1-, 2-, and 3- inches. Calibration tables or curves were prepared for both free and submerged flow. The dimensions of the Parshall flumes rated by Robinson are shown in Figure 1. …

Submergence In A Two-Foot Parshall Flume, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Joe D. England, J. Raymond Johnson

Reports

The primary objective in this study was to ascertain the validity of the method of analyzing submergence developed by Hyatt (1965) in a standard 2-foot Parshall flume. The method of analyzing submergence was first developed for a trapezoidal flume (Hyatt, 1965), was later verified for a rectangular flume (Skogerboe, walker and Robinson, 1965), and has been shown by the authors to be valid for small Parshall flumes (Skogerboe, Hyatt, Johnson, and England, 1965). In view of previous findings, it was felt the method would also be valid for large Parshall flumes, and for this purpose the 2-foot flume was selected. …

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume 3 - Water Quality Control And Management, P. H. Mcgauhey

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …

Flow Rate Measurement Of Logan Outfall Effluents, M. Leon Hyatt, J. Raymond Johnson, Joe D. England

Reports

No abstract provided.

Design, Calibration, And Evaluation Of A Trapezoidal Measuring Flume By Model Study, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

The discharge occurring in an open channel can be measured by placing a constriction in the channel. Flumes are commonly used as constriction in open channels. A flume is a specially designed and calibrated section built into a channel, the physical properties of which allow the calculation of the discharge. The narrowest section of the flume is usually called the throat. The velocity of flow through the throat, for any given flow rate, increases with a decrease in the flow depth. The ideal condition for measurement of discharge is a throat sufficiently constricted to produce …

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume Ii - The Economics Of Water Resource Development And Conservation, B. Delworth Gardner, Allen Lebaron

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …

Estimation Of Pan Evaporation From Climatological Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen, Ashwin D. Mehta

Reports

A new formula and coefficients for climatological factors was developed for estimating pan evaporation based on an analysis of data from 23 states in the U. S. and from five other countries. This formula may be written: Ev=K R Ct Cw Ch Cs Ce Cm in which K is a dimensionless constant R is the theoretical radiation reaching the outer atmosphere, expressed as equivalent evaporation in the same units~ , as Ev. Ct, Cw, Ch,and Cs are dimensionless sub-coefficients for temperature , wind, humidity, and sunshine. Ce is a sub-coefficient for elevation, and Cm is a monthly coefficient Equations were …

Construction, Instrumentation, And Preliminary Verification Of A Physical Hydrologic Model, Donald L. Chery Jr.

Reports

From theoretical consideration involving a rationalized dimensional analysis of the rainfall-runoff phenomena, dimensionless products of the pertinent variables are derived. These dimensionless products guided the design and construction of a rainstorm simulator and topographic model. The design and construction of these two basic elements of the physical hydrologic model are described. A description of the instrumentation and several relevant calibration tests is followed by a discussion of two preliminary verification test sets. The tests indicated that some necessary refinements in equipment and instrumentation were needed before more precise experimental data could be obtained. Further, the tests produced results which encouraged …

Design, Operation, And Calibration Of The Canal "A" Submerged Rectangular Measuring Flume, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, W. Roger Walker, Lawrence R. Robinson

Reports

The D.M.A.D. dam and reservoir are located on the Servier River northeast of Delta, utah, and serve as a stroage reservoir for the winter and spring flows of the Sevier River below Sevier Bridge Reservoir. The D.M.A.D. dam has been constructed with two outlet works, one for feeding Canal "A", which serves the Delta and Melville Irrigation Companies, while the other canal serves the Abraham and Desert Irrigation Companies.

A gaging station located along Canal"A" has been used for many years to obtain flow measurements. The gaging station measurements appeared to be very inconsistent, and consequently, in 1963 a study …

Equipment And Techniques For Aerial Application Of Evaporation-Reducing Monlayer-Forming Materials To Lakes And Reservoirs, Vaughn E. Hansen, Gaylord V. Skogerboe

Reports

The authors wish to express their gratitude and sincere appreciation to the many organizations and individual who assisted in this research effort. The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has sponsored the investigation of aerial application equipment and techniques. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation personnel concerned with the evaporation reduction research program have b en most cooperative in supporting the efforts at Utah State University. The Reeder Flying Service has worked with Utah State University in the developn1 pilot of aerial application equipment since the inception of the project in 1961. Mr. Charles Reeder ha been very cooperative throughout the research program. …

Water Yields In Utah Developing A State Water Plan, Jay M. Bagley, Roland W. Jeppson, Cleve H. Milligan

Reports

Need and Importance of Study

Utah's problems of water use and water supply are becoming increasingly important. They are also becoming increasingly complex as competition for our water resources becomes more keen among various types of uses. In the formulation of plans for sound and efficient use of water it is essential to know the characteristics of occurrence and use of water supplies so that requirements can be balanced most effectively and economically against supply. This ordinarily requires basic hydrologic data to determine relations among climate, water losses, and water yield from watersheds.

Such data are often unavailable - especially …

Calibration Of Irrigation Headgates By Model Analysis, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Vaughn E. Hansen

Reports

Introduction

The purpose of this research project was to calibrate the slide gates used by the D.M.A.D. Company (Delta, Melville, Abraham and Deseret Irrigation Companies). These gates, which number more than 600, are located throughout the distribution system. Each gate is placed in a concrete box 4 feet wide, 3-1/2 feet deep and 4 feet long. The structure is used as a means of diverting the water and is also used as a measuring device.

A similar structure, but with a different type of slide gate, was calibrated in 1914. At the time rating tables were prepared which listed the …

Planning New Farm Dams : Excavated Earth Tanks, J E. Watson, J. C. Grasby

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A GOOD farm dam is a valuable asset, and well worth its cost, but there are many aspects to consider when a new dam is required. Careful planning with adequate testing and checking will help to get the best value for money and reduce the chance of costly failures.

This article discusses these aspects in relation to the excavated earth tank type of dam.

Aerial Application Of Evaporation-Reducing Chemicals, Development And Evaluation Of Equipment And Techniques, C. Earl Israelsen, Vaughn E. Hansen

Reports

Aerial applications of both liquid and powder evaporation retardants have been made in parallel strips on large lakes for purposes of comparison. Films formed from powder spread more rapidly than did those from liquid, but usually both films ultimately spread to approximately equal widths and had the same degree of compression as determined with indicator oils. Evaporation retarding materials with large numbers of particles having diameters smaller than 75 microns are greatly affected by the wind. As the chemical is dispensed from the airplane. the fine particles drift with the wind and in some instances are carried onto the land …

Land Preparation For Border Irrigation, B Swan

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

LARGE amounts of water may be lost through excess run-off and deep percolation.

Proper preparation of irrigation land can help to minimise these losses.

This preparation is done by grading or levelling so that the original ground surface is shaped to allow for a more uniform distribution of water.

Swing Fence Flood Crossing For Creeks In The Kimberleys, A L. Payne

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FENCING is the basis of the regeneration programme on the eroded Ord River catchment area, and the fences constructed must cross numerous creeks.

But heavy downpours of short duration characterise the wet season experienced in this area.

Because the rain falls on to bare, compacted ground, run-off is intense and gullies and creeks rise rapidly, causing serious damage to conventional fences and flood gates across watercourses.

A Practical Guide To Building Contour Banks With A Road Grader, J E. Watson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THOUSANDS of miles of contour banks have been built in Western Australia, and most of this earthmoving has been done by tractor and disc plough* or by road grader.

This article describes the technique recommended for bank construction with the road grader.

Farm Dams In The Wheatbelt, J E. Watson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

MANY new farm dams are sunk each year in the wheatbelt and much money is spent on them.

With continued development of new land, and increasing stock carrying capacity of older land under legume pastures, the need for more water supplies will continue for a long time.

Developing A State Water Plan Utah's Water Resources--Problems And Needs--A Challenge, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

Of all the natural resources with which Utah has been endowed none is more vital to the social and economic well-being of the people than it water resource. We cannot manufacture water. We have found no acceptable substitute. Not one more drop of water is available for our use today than was available to the pioneers. Yet water uses and water demands have multiplied over the years. Since we can do little to change nature's water allotment to Utah we must learn how to utilize our existing supplies more judiciously. This means devoting increasingly more attention to problems of water …

Farm Water Storage : Circular Brick Reservoirs, R P. Harington

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A circular brick tank is a cheap and efficient water storage which can be easily built on any farm. The method described below by Kimberley Research Station manager R. P. Harington was used to build a swimming pool—storage on the station.

Flooding And Salt Problems In The Wheatbelt, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

VALUABLE land has become salty in parts of the West Australian agricultural areas because most of the surrounding land has been cleared and developed for agriculture.

This salting of a small proportion of the land is part of the price paid for the development of agriculture in this State.

Drainage is not the answer to the wheatbelt flooding and salt land problems.

A more practical approach is to limit runoff from sloping land, and to make good use of salt-affected land by growing salt tolerant perennial pastures on it, says the Soils Division of the Department of Agriculture.

Water Requirements For Waterfowl Areas Near The Great Salt Lake Parts V-Vi, J. E. Christainsen, Ming Chang Tsai, D. K. Kaushik, J. B. Law, J. W. Teeter

Reports

This report reviews activities on this project since the Progress Report, Part IV, June 1961.

The summer of 1961 has been one of the driest on record for Ogden Bay and Howard Slough Refuge. The extreme shortage of irrigation water has resulted in very little flow in the Howard Slough which originates from return flow. The available water from the Weber River for the Ogden Bay Refuge was also the lowest on record. The scarcity of water at these two refuges has resulted in increased salinity.

Most of the routine work on the project during the summer was done by …

Water Conservation On The Farm, John W. Lewis

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

SMALL scale conservation of water for agricultural use is becoming increasingly important throughout Australia.

As land development intensifies, it is natural that farmers turn to more dams and earthen tanks for stock water and irrigation.

Adequate water is essential to supply the carrying capacities made possible by improved pastures, and where greater quantities of water can be stored, fodder crops, pastures, orchards and vegetables can be irrigated.

Model Analysis Of Spillway And Stilling Basin Of Porcupine Dam, Gordon H. Flammer, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Introduction: The Engineering Experiment Station at Utah State University was engaged by the Utah Water and Power Board to make a model analysis of the spillway and stilling basin of the Porcupine Dam. This dam will be located on the East Fork of Litle Bear River, just east of Avon, Utah. It will be approximately 650 feet long and 160 feet high, composed of zones earth fill with rock rip-rap facing. The spillway will have a reinforced concrete inlet section and the remainder of the chute and stilling basin will be excavated out of the rock and leck unlined. The …

A Rational Approach To The Estimation Of Evaporation And Evapotranspiration From Climatological Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen, B. B. Patil

Reports

Many attempts have been made to derive mathematical expressions relating evaporation and evapotranspiration, or consumptive use, to climatological data. IN the United States, the Blaney-Criddle formula is probably the best known for estimating consumptive use (2 and 3). Blaney (1) has also suggested that this formula is suitable for estimating evaporation as measured with a Weather Bureau pan. Other well known formulas are the Penman formulas (10), the Thornthwaite formula (15) and the Hargreaves formulas (8). Halkias, Beihmeyer and Hendrickson (6) suggest that water requirements of crops can be determined from atmometer data. Lowry and Johnson (() in an early …

Irrigation And Drainage Problems In Uruguay, Jerald Emmet Christiansen

Reports

Synopsis: Uruguay irrigates about 65,000 acres, mostly rice (74%) and sugar cane (15%). Summer rainfall averages about 3.5 in. per month, but frequent droughts seriously affect both crops and livestock. Irrigation can be increased by storage in small reservoirs on tributary streams by means of low earth dams. Some areas will require flood control and draiange before intensive agriculture can be practiced.