Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Behavior Of Steel Building Connections Subjected To Inelastic Strain Reversals, E. P. Popov, R. B. Pinkney

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Inelastic design of steel structures to withstand seismic forces requires a knowledge of the behavior of connections when subjected to cyclically reversed loading. This report contains a description of the design and testing of selected steel beam-to-column connection specimens. The motivations for the choice of connection types and overall geometry of the specimens are discussed, relating them to full-size prototypes used in actual building frames. The characteristics of the test installation are described, including means of loading, type of lateral support provided, etc. The programs of cycling of all tests are presented in terms of the deflection of the tip …

Behavior Of Steel Building Connections Subjected To Inelastic Strain Reversals Experimental Data, E. P. Popov, R. B. Pinkney

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Torsional-Flexural Buckling Of Thin-Walled Open Sections With Unequal End Eccentricities, Nuri Celebi, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION Compression members of thin walled open sections may buckle in the torsional-flexural mode at loads lower than the Euler buckling load, because of their low torsional rigidity. Doubly symmetric sections, loaded eccentrically in the plane of symmetry, buckle in the torsional-flexural mode when sufficient strength against flexural yielding is provided in the plane of loading. In singly symmetric sections, the shear center and centroid do not coincide. When such sections are loaded in the plane of symmetry, flexural buckling out of the plane of loading is possible only if the load acts at the shear center. Otherwise, torsional flexural …

Design Recommendations For Diaphragm-Braced Beams, Columns And Wall-Studs, T. V. S. R. Apparao, George Winter, S. J. Errera

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION Light gage steel panels are often used as wall sheathing, roof decking or floor covering in steel framed buildings. These panels carry loads normal to their plane by virtue of their bending strength. Also, diaphragms formed by interconnecting such panels can resist shear deformation in their plane. Because of this shear resisting capacity, diaphragms can be very effective in bracing columns and beams of a steel frame against lateral buckling and, thus, increase the load carrying capacity of these members. For wall columns, such diaphragm bracing may be either directly attached or connected to girts which in turn are …

Problems In Structural Diaphragm Bracing 1. Beams Continuously Braced By Diaphragms 2. I-Section Columns Braced By Girts And A Diaphragm, T. V. S. R. Apparao, S. J. Errera, Gordon P. Fisher

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Shear-resistant light-gage metal diaphragms can be very effective in increasing the load carrying capacity of beams continuously braced by diaphragms, or of columns braced by girts which in turn are braced by diaphragms, if proper connections are made between the individual elements. In this thesis, behavior of diaphragm-braced I-beams, channel beams, and Z-beams under uniform moments, and the behavior of axially loaded I-section columns braced by girts which in turn are braced by diaphragms are investigated.

Load-deflection relationships of diaphragm-braced beams are obtained taking into consideration the initial imperfections of the beams and using the equilibrium method. Critical moments of …

Structural Behavior Of Small-Scale Steel Models, William A. Litle, David C. Foster, Duke Oakes, Philip A. Falcone, Richard B. Reimer

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

The Dynamic Behavior Of Steel Frame And Truss Buildings, Dixon Rea, Jack G. Bouwkamp, R. W. Clough

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This report describes experimental and analytical studies of the dynamic behavior of the East Building of the University of California's new Medical Center at San Francisco, California. It also describes experimental tests conducted on the East Building's mechanical service tower and on an adjacent elevator tower. Experimental tests on the East Building were conducted in the summers of 1964 and 1965. Vibrations were produced by eccentric-masstype vibration generators. Frequency responses, time responses, and mode shapes were observed. In the summer 1964 tests, the first mode east-west had 2% of critical damping and the first mode north-south had 1.8%; the values …

Deformation And Energy Absorption Capacity Of Steel Structures In The Inelastic Range, Theodore V. Galambos

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This report summarizes the status of knowledge on the inelastic deformability of steel members and frames. It demonstrates that the inelastic response of planar beams, beamcolumns, connections and frames is well understood and can be adequately, though conservatively, predicted by theory provided the loading is static, proportional and monotonic, and adequate provisions are made to inhibit premature local and lateral-torsional instability. The report reviews the available theoretical work, and examines the experimental evidence. It shows that the inelastic rotation capacity, which defines also the "ductility factor" and the inelastic energy absorption capacity, is both predictable and large enough to meet …

Specification For The Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Strength And Behavior Of Light-Gage Steel Shear Diaphragms, Larry D. Luttrell

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

Light-gage steel roof, wall, and floor systems may be used to transfer in-plane shear forces from one part of a framed structure to another, leading to reduced loads in parts of the structure. Such behavior is particularly noticeable in buildings that have rigid shear walls and are subjected to lateral loads such as those arising from wind or earthquakes. The transfer of shear force through such diaphragms is dependent on the shear strength and is particularly sensitive to shear stiffness. The stiffness of the diaphragm must be considered in relationship to the stiffness of the structural frame. Diaphragm response to …

Tests On Light Gage Steel Diaphragms, George Winter, T. V. S. R. Apparao

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

This report supplements and extends the scope of Report No. 319, ;lStructural Performance of Light Gage Steel Diaphragms", by Dr. Larry D. Luttrell. Eleven static load tests were conducted on 22 gage narrow rib roof decks to investigate the effect of length of the diaphragm, type of welding, and diaphragm material tensile properties on the shear stiffness and strength of the diaphragm. The behavior of a diaphragm under reversed load at two different levels) one at 0.4 x ultimate static load and the other at 0.6 x ultimate static load was explored by conducting five tests. The tests at a …

Torsional-Flexural Buckling Of Thin-Walled Open Sections, Pen J. Fang, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION Compression members with thin-walled open sections, because of their low torsional rigidities and because their cross-sectional configuration is such that the centroid and the shear center often do not coincide, can buckle at loads well below the Euler load by interaction of torsion and bending. Fast expanding applications of such sections in civil and architectural engineering call for an extensive investigation of torsional-flexural buckling. Basic theory of torsional-flexural buckling is treated by a number of authors, I,2 and simplifications of the basic theory in the elastic range for the design purposes together with some test results were reported previously. …

The Performance Of Beams And Columns Continuously Braced With Diaphragms - I, Gordon P. Fisher, S. J. Errera

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

When properly attached, shear-rigid light-gage metal diaphragms, such as roof decking or wall sheathing, can be very effective as lateral bracing for slender columns and beams. At present, limited design use is made of this fact, because of inadequate information on the effectiveness and reliability of such bracing. In this thesis, previous theory on the stability of Isection beams and columns braced with shear-rigid diaphragms has been extended. Two energy methods are used, one employing the Euler-Lagrange conditions from the calculus of variations, and the other the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The problem initially considered is that of an I-section beam-column eccentrically …

Strength Of Three New Types Of Composite Beams, A. A. Toprac

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Structural Performance Of Light Gage Steel Diaphragms, Larry D. Luttrell, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Light gage steel roof, wall, and floor systems may be used to transfer in-plane shear forces from one part of a framed structure to another, leading to reduced loads in parts of the structure. This is particularly noticeable in buildings having rigid end walls and under lateral loading. The diaphragms transfer forces from the interior frames into the foundation through the rigid end walls, resulting in lower loads for the interior frames. The amount of force transfer is dependent upon the in-plane shear strength and is particularly sensitive to the shear stiffness of the diaphragm. The results from some 60 …

Torsional-Flexural Buckling Of Thin-Walled Open Sections, Pen J. Fang

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Cold-Forming On Light-Gage Steel Members, Kenneth W. Karren, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

Cold-forming may cause significant increases in tensile and in compressive yield strength in both the corner and flat elements of light-gage cold-formed steel members. The cumulative effects may raise the yield strength to as reuch as 70% above the virgin yield strength of the as-rolled sheet steel. The yield strength of corners is always considerably higher than that of any other portion of a cold-formed member because of the large plastic deformations which take place in the corners. Thus compact members with a large ratio of corner area to cross sectional area will have the largest increases in yield strength. …

Investigation Of Effects Of Cold Forming On Mechanical Properties, Kenneth W. Karren, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION All of the divisions of this report consist of either experimental or theoretical investigations of the various aspects of predicting the magnitude and distribution of changes in the mechanical properties (particularly the yield strength) of coldformed members. The prior work performed under this project, was conducted to determine the changes brought about in the mechanical properties of structural sheet steels by (1) simple uniform uni-directional prestrain of varying amounts and (2) simple cold working caused by cold forming sheet into corners as is commonly done in light gage cold formed structural members. Included in this report are: a study …

The Performance Of Beams And Columns Continuously-Braced With Diaphragms, Gordon P. Fisher, S. J. Errera

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION Under the general title of "Performance of Steel-Framed Buildings and Structural Members Braced with Light-Gage Steel Diaphragms", sponsored at Cornell University by the American Iron and Steel Institute, an investigation has been proceeding in two separate but closely interrelated phases, referred to as: Subproject A - Performance of Steel-Framed Buildings Braced with Light-Gage Steel Diaphragms Subproject B - Performance of Beams and Columns Continuously-Braced with Diaphragms. The investigation now referred to as Subproject B was sponsored by the American Institute of Steel Construction from June, 1961 to June, 1963 after which A.I.S.I. assumed sponsorship with the cooperation of A.I.S.C. …

The Performance Of Beams And Columns Continuously Braced With Diaphragms, George Pincus, Gordon P. Fisher

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION In Progress Report No.1, it was reported that the initial conception of the problem was that diaphragms act almost exclusively in shear when called upon to brace compression members, and that it had been decided to test single columns with finite widths of diaphragm attached, with width of the sheet being varied to provide a range of lateral support up to that which permitted full column strength, based on strong axis to be developed. However, the first test of this kind, Test CB-l, clearly indicated that the diaphragm acted essentially in flexure only and thus had the same effect …

Commentary On The 1962 Edition, George Winter

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Specification For The Design Of Light Gage Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Farm Water Storage : Circular Brick Reservoirs, R P. Harington

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A circular brick tank is a cheap and efficient water storage which can be easily built on any farm. The method described below by Kimberley Research Station manager R. P. Harington was used to build a swimming pool—storage on the station.

Light Gage Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Commentary On The 1961 Edition, George Winter

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Specification For The Design Of Light Gage Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.

Comprehensive Survey Of Sedimentation In Lake Mead, 1948-49, W. O. Smith, C. P. Vetter, G. B. Cummings, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Reservoirs are becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the American landscape. Built for flood mitigation and to change a fluctuating river into a dependable source of water for irrigation, power, and other purposes, they are predestined, like natural lakes, to be destroyed sometime following their creation. Sedimentation sooner or later robs most lakes and reservoirs of their capacity to store water. The significance of sedimentation in the life of Lake Mead, the largest artificial reservoir in the world, was realized when the plan for the reservoir was conceived, and an aerial survey of the floor was made in 1935 before …

An Investigation Of High-Strength, Deformed Steel Bars For Concrete Reinforcement Part Ii, Sidney A. Guralnick, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION The previous phase of this investigation of high-strength steel for concrete reinforcement is described in Report No. TSR-4730-7l46, which was released in July, 1957. This previous testing program was designed to provide information on the following topics, among others: (a) The shear (primarily) and flexural (secondarily) strength of restrained Tee-beams reinforced with steel of approximately 80 ksi yield point for main reinforcement and with standard steel for web reinforcement. (b) The formation of diagonal tension cracks and flexural cracks and the width of flexure and shear cracks at various loads and particularly at "design loads" (say, half the ultimate …

An Investigation Of High-Strength, Deformed Steel Bars For Concrete Reinforcement, Sidney A. Guralnick, George Winter

CCFSS Library (1939 - present)

INTRODUCTION High strength steel as reinforcement for concrete has received some serious attention by researchers and by the construction industries as long ago as the early 1900' s. Recent developments abroad, notably in Sweden, Germany and Austria, have caused renewed interest in the use of this material in concrete structures. The term "high-strength" is somewhat ambiguous since it usually has been employed to describe the type of steel used in cables and strands for prestressed concrete or suspension bridge structures. Such steels commonly have proof stresses of the order of 200,000 psi. However, in the case of ordinary reinforced concrete …

Light Gage Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual, American Iron And Steel Institute

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.