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Articles 2551 - 2580 of 4011

Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Isolation Of Methyl Laurate From Coconut Oil As Raw Material For Fatty Alcohol Sulfate, Rita Arbianti, Tania Surya Utami, Astri Nugroho Nov 2008

Isolation Of Methyl Laurate From Coconut Oil As Raw Material For Fatty Alcohol Sulfate, Rita Arbianti, Tania Surya Utami, Astri Nugroho

Makara Journal of Technology

Isolation of Methyl Laurate from Coconut Oil as Raw Material for Fatty Alcohol Sulfate. Methyl laurate is a raw or base material for many industries, including surfactant industries. In this research, coconut oil (VCO) is transesterified with methanol to produce methyl ester, using NaOH as the catalyst. Methyl laurate is then separated by method based on the difference in melting point. This research focuses at determining the effects of some variables in transesterification on the concentration of produced methyl laurate. The variables are temperature (40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC, 80 oC), time of transesterification reaction (0,5 hour, 1 hour, …


The Decompositioning Of Volatile-Matter Of Tanjung Enim Coal By Using Thermogravimetry Analyzer (Tga), Nukman Nukman Nov 2008

The Decompositioning Of Volatile-Matter Of Tanjung Enim Coal By Using Thermogravimetry Analyzer (Tga), Nukman Nukman

Makara Journal of Technology

The Decompositioning of Volatile-Matter of Tanjung Enim Coal by using Thermogravimetry Analyzer (TGA). Coal is a nature material which a kind of energy source. The decompotition of coal could analyze by heat treated using thermogravimetry analyzer. The decomposition of the volatile matter for three kinds of Tanjung Enim coal could be known. The value of activation energy that be found diference, then for Semi Anthracite, Bitumonius and Sub Bituminous Coal, the initial temperatures are 60.8 oC, 70.7 oC, 97.8oC, and the last temperatures are 893.8 oC, 832 oC, 584.6oC.


Phase Unwrapping Insar Image Using Local Energy Minimization Approach, Kusworo Adi, Tati L.R. Mengko, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Hendra Gunawan Nov 2008

Phase Unwrapping Insar Image Using Local Energy Minimization Approach, Kusworo Adi, Tati L.R. Mengko, Andriyan B. Suksmono, Hendra Gunawan

Makara Journal of Technology

Phase Unwrapping InSAR Image Using Local Energy Minimization Approach. Reconstruction process of phase data from its cover is called Phase Unwrapping (PU). Ideally, without any noise phrase, singularity, and aliasing problems, the phase information can be unwrapped easily. However, in fact, the phase data actually always get noise disturbance and discontinuity. The PU process becomes more complicated and needs a better PU algorithm to address the problems properly. In this research, the local PU algorithm is developed using minimization of close related firstorder pixels energy approach. In this method, the energy difference between four close related pixels is counted, followed …


Two Element Microstrip Antenna Array With Defected Ground Structure, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Muhamad Asvial, Djoko Hartanto Nov 2008

Two Element Microstrip Antenna Array With Defected Ground Structure, Fitri Yuli Zulkifli, Eko Tjipto Rahardjo, Muhamad Asvial, Djoko Hartanto

Makara Journal of Technology

Two Element Microstrip Antenna Array with Defected Ground Structure. This paper presents a two element microstrip antenna array using trapezium shape defected ground structure (DGS). The DGS is inserted in the ground plane between two elements of antenna array. Insertion of the DGS is intended to suppress the mutual coupling effect produced by antenna array. Simulation and measurement results were taken and compared between antenna array with and without DGS. Measurement results show that the antenna with DGS compared to antenna without DGS can suppress mutual coupling effect to 7.9 dB, improve the return loss to 33.29% from -30.188 dB …


Neutron Irradiation On Ss316 Material For Radioactive Endovascular Stent Production, Rohadi Awaludin, Abidin Abidin, Sriyono Sriyono Nov 2008

Neutron Irradiation On Ss316 Material For Radioactive Endovascular Stent Production, Rohadi Awaludin, Abidin Abidin, Sriyono Sriyono

Makara Journal of Technology

Neutron Irradiation on SS316 Material for Radioactive Endovascular Stent Production. It was reported that restenosis could be prevented by radioactive endovascular stent. SS316 material of endovascular stent has been irradiated at pneumatic rabbit system of G.A. Siwabessy reactor for 5 minutes for producing radioactive stent by neutron activation. After 10 days of decay, the irradiated SS316 was measured by gamma spectrometer. The radioisotopes of 51Cr, 59Fe and 60Co were detected in the irradiated SS316 with radioactivity of 5990, 107 and 109 Bq/mg respectively. The Calculation results showed that radioisotopes of 51Cr, 59Fe and 55Fe were produced by neutron activation. The …


Physical Characteristics And Utilization Oft The Karst Beaches In Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Astrid Damayanti, Ranum Ayuningtyas Nov 2008

Physical Characteristics And Utilization Oft The Karst Beaches In Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Astrid Damayanti, Ranum Ayuningtyas

Makara Journal of Technology

Physical Characteristics and Utilization oft the Karst Beaches in Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Karsts beaches at Gunungkidul Regency (Baron, Kukup, Sepanjang, Drini, Krakal, Ngandong, and Sundak), located in south of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, have economic potential. Even they have similarity in geological condition (genesis and morphological processes), but they have different physical characteristics. Based on result of observation environment on morphological conditions and spatial analysis method, we found the proper utilization of the beaches.


Hydrogen Absorption In Weldments Of Overlaid Claded Pressure Vessel, Ronnie Higuchi Rusli Nov 2008

Hydrogen Absorption In Weldments Of Overlaid Claded Pressure Vessel, Ronnie Higuchi Rusli

Makara Journal of Technology

Cracks was found in type 347 stainless steel internal attachment welds of a reactor for a high temperature, and high pressure hydrogen service. One of the possible causes of cracking is low cycle fatigue cracking induced by repetition of thermal stress to embrittled weld metal. Type 347 weld metal loses its ductility by presence of sigma phase and hydrogen.


Spectral Response Surfaces And The Ringing Response Of Offshore Structures, I Ketut Suastika Nov 2008

Spectral Response Surfaces And The Ringing Response Of Offshore Structures, I Ketut Suastika

Makara Journal of Technology

A method, called spectral response surface method, is proposed for the study of the ringing phenomenon of offshore structures. Newman’s results for diffraction force on a column were reformulated in terms of the frequency components of the ocean surface and their Hilbert transforms. Using a first-order reliability method together with a dynamic model for the structural response, it is straightforward to calculate the ocean surface history most likely to generate an extreme ringing response and the ringing response history.


Inelastic Performance Of Screw Connected Cfs Strap Braced Walls, Kostadin Velchev, Colin A. Rogers Nov 2008

Inelastic Performance Of Screw Connected Cfs Strap Braced Walls, Kostadin Velchev, Colin A. Rogers

American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) Specifications, Standards, Manuals and Research Reports (1946 - present)

No abstract provided.


Site Response Zones And Short-Period Earthquake Ground Motion Projections For The Las Vegas Basin, Barbara Luke, Ying Liu Nov 2008

Site Response Zones And Short-Period Earthquake Ground Motion Projections For The Las Vegas Basin, Barbara Luke, Ying Liu

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

A deterministic seismic hazard analysis was conducted to address the effect of local soil conditions on earthquake-induced strong ground motion in the Las Vegas Basin, Nevada (US). Using a large geological and geotechnical database, two response units were defined: a fine-grained unit, predominantly clay; and a coarse-grained unit, predominantly gravel. A moderate number of high-quality shallow shear wave velocity measurements were collected from which characteristic shear wave velocity profiles were developed for each response unit. An equivalent-linear one-dimensional site response model was used. The model was calibrated using a basin-wide, small-strain ground motion database. Calibration tests showed that ground motion …


Experimental Study On Web Crippling Of Lapped Cold-Formed Steel Channels Subjected To Interior Two-Flange Loading, Q. Rahman, K. Sennah Oct 2008

Experimental Study On Web Crippling Of Lapped Cold-Formed Steel Channels Subjected To Interior Two-Flange Loading, Q. Rahman, K. Sennah

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Gbtul- A Code For The Buckling Analysis Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Rui Bebiano, Nuno Silvestre, Dinar Camotim Oct 2008

Gbtul- A Code For The Buckling Analysis Of Cold-Formed Steel Members, Rui Bebiano, Nuno Silvestre, Dinar Camotim

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Stability Of Cold-Formed Steel Simple And Lipped Angles Under Compression, Jorge Muinaiar Neto, Maximiliano Malite, W. F. Maia Oct 2008

Stability Of Cold-Formed Steel Simple And Lipped Angles Under Compression, Jorge Muinaiar Neto, Maximiliano Malite, W. F. Maia

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Overview Of The Standard For Seismic Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems - Special Bolted Moment Frames, Helen Chen, Chia-Ming Uang, Reidar Bjorhovde, Bonnie Manley Oct 2008

Overview Of The Standard For Seismic Design Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems - Special Bolted Moment Frames, Helen Chen, Chia-Ming Uang, Reidar Bjorhovde, Bonnie Manley

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


19th International Specialty Conference: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures Oct 2008

19th International Specialty Conference: Recent Research And Developments In Cold-Formed Steel Structures, Wei-Wen Yu Center For Cold-Formed Steel Structures

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Floor System Design For Distortional Buckling Including Sheathing Restraint, Y. Guan, Benjamin W. Schafer, R. H. Sangree Oct 2008

Floor System Design For Distortional Buckling Including Sheathing Restraint, Y. Guan, Benjamin W. Schafer, R. H. Sangree

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Generalized Beam Theory Formulation Able To Capture Load Application And Localized Web Buckling Effects, Dinar Camotim, V. M. Zeinoddini, Nuno M. F. Silva Oct 2008

Generalized Beam Theory Formulation Able To Capture Load Application And Localized Web Buckling Effects, Dinar Camotim, V. M. Zeinoddini, Nuno M. F. Silva

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Impact Of Global Flexural Imperfections On The Cold-Formed Steel Column Curve, Benjamin W. Schafer, Benjamin W. Schafer Oct 2008

Impact Of Global Flexural Imperfections On The Cold-Formed Steel Column Curve, Benjamin W. Schafer, Benjamin W. Schafer

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Simplified Methods For Predicting Elastic Buckling Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members With Holes, Christopher D. Moen Oct 2008

Simplified Methods For Predicting Elastic Buckling Of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members With Holes, Christopher D. Moen

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Computed Flexural Buckling Stress For Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Columns, Shin-Hua Lin, Chi-Ling Pan, Chih-Peng Yu Oct 2008

Computed Flexural Buckling Stress For Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Columns, Shin-Hua Lin, Chi-Ling Pan, Chih-Peng Yu

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Structural Analysis Of Scaffolding With The Plank And Anchor Rod During Construction, Jui-Ling Peng, Chi-Ling Pan, Kuan-Hung Chen, Siu-Lai Chan Oct 2008

Structural Analysis Of Scaffolding With The Plank And Anchor Rod During Construction, Jui-Ling Peng, Chi-Ling Pan, Kuan-Hung Chen, Siu-Lai Chan

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


An Update On Aisi Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Jay W. Larson Oct 2008

An Update On Aisi Standards For Cold-Formed Steel Framing, Jay W. Larson

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Buckling Studies Of Thin-Walled Channel Sections Under Combined Bending And Shear, Cao Hung Pham, Gregory J. Hancock Oct 2008

Buckling Studies Of Thin-Walled Channel Sections Under Combined Bending And Shear, Cao Hung Pham, Gregory J. Hancock

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Flexural Resistance Of Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Box Sections Of Subjected To Eccentric Loading, L. Xu, P. Sultana Oct 2008

Flexural Resistance Of Cold-Formed Steel Built-Up Box Sections Of Subjected To Eccentric Loading, L. Xu, P. Sultana

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Simplified Models For Cross-Section Stress Demands On C-Section Purlins In Uplift, Maximiliano Malite, L. C. M. Vieira, Benjamin W. Schafer, S. K. Parikh Oct 2008

Simplified Models For Cross-Section Stress Demands On C-Section Purlins In Uplift, Maximiliano Malite, L. C. M. Vieira, Benjamin W. Schafer, S. K. Parikh

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Web Crippling Behaviour Of Thin-Walled Lipped Channel Beams Subjected To Eof And Etf Loading, M. Macdonald, Manoj A. Heiyantuduwa, J. Rhodes Oct 2008

Web Crippling Behaviour Of Thin-Walled Lipped Channel Beams Subjected To Eof And Etf Loading, M. Macdonald, Manoj A. Heiyantuduwa, J. Rhodes

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


State Of The Art Report On Thin-Walled Cold-Formed Profiled Steel Decking, N. A. Hedaoo, L. M. Gupta Oct 2008

State Of The Art Report On Thin-Walled Cold-Formed Profiled Steel Decking, N. A. Hedaoo, L. M. Gupta

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Estimating The Effective Yield Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Shear Walls, Reynaud Serrette Oct 2008

Estimating The Effective Yield Strength Of Cold-Formed Steel Light-Frame Shear Walls, Reynaud Serrette

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Inelastic Performance And Design Of Cfs Walls Braced With Straps Having Reduced Width Fuses, Kostadin Velchev, Nisreen Balh Oct 2008

Inelastic Performance And Design Of Cfs Walls Braced With Straps Having Reduced Width Fuses, Kostadin Velchev, Nisreen Balh

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.


Aisi Committee On Specifications New Test Standard For Hold-Downs Attach To Cold-Formed Steel Structural Framing, Jeff Ellis Oct 2008

Aisi Committee On Specifications New Test Standard For Hold-Downs Attach To Cold-Formed Steel Structural Framing, Jeff Ellis

CCFSS Proceedings of International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures (1971 - 2018)

No abstract provided.