Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons^™

Selecting Non-Point Source Pollution Treatment Practices Using Linear Optimization, John Gardy Garland Iii

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This paper provides a case study application of a linear optimization program as a water quality management tool. The optimization program seeks to minimize the cost of nonpoint source pollution control by selecting the best combination of pollution control management practices for Hampton, Virginia. The management practice options are grass swale roadways, porous pavers, ponds, detention basins and fertilizer management education. Management practice selection is limited by constraints on land-use and water quality. Pollutants evaluated are total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids, fecal coliforms and biochemical oxygen demand (five-day). The value in the water quality constraints for pollution loading on …

Laser Levelling Land For Flood Irrigation, M D. Green, J. P. Middlemas

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Since the introduction of laser levelling to Western Australia's South-West irrigation area five years ago, many farmers have benefited from this new and precise method of land-forming.

The use of lasser controlled earthmoving equipment to redevelop irrigated paddocks has led to improved irrigation efficiency and drainage. Less water is used for each irrigation, water is applied more evenly and less labour is needed. many older, grass-dominated paddocks have been reseeded to improve pasture species.

A Study Of Trihalomethane Precursors In Deer Creek Reservoir, Megan J. White, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Deer Creek Reservoir and tributaries were monitored from May to December 1983 in a study of the occurrence of trihalomethane (THM) precursors in the reservoir and nutrient dynamics of the reservoir system. Microcosms were used to study the effect of the following parameters on THM precursor production in the reservoir system: phosphorus loading, sediment, algal growth, and application of algicide. Additionally, THM precursor concentrations of interstitial water were analyzed in reservoir and microcosm sediment samples. Microcosms treated with ahigh phosphorus loading (70 ug/1) had THM precursor concentrations significantly higher than those measured in microcosms treated with a low phosphorus loading …

Development Of Design Criteria For Sensitizer Photooxidation Treatment Systems, Richard J. Watts, V. Dean Adams, E. Joe Middlebrooks

Reports

Sensitized photooxidation is a physicochemical process that can degrade many toxic and refractory organic pollutants. A trace quantity of sensitizer added to the waste absorbs visible light; electronically excited intermediates then transfer the energy to decompose the waste. Engeineering design criteria were developed for industrial waste treatment lagoons that would use sensitized photooxidation. Design criteria were developed regarding optimum lagoon pH, optimum sensitizer concentration, depth and sizing of lagoons, dissolved oxygen requirements, and effect of temperature on photooxidation rate. Treatment of the refractory pesticides bromacil, terbacil, and fluometuron was investigated using methylene blue and riboflavin as sensitizers. Methylene blue-sensitized photooxidation …

Preliminary Identification, Analysis, And Classification Of Odor-Causing Mechanisms Influenced By Decreasing Salinity Of The Great Salt Lake, C. Earl Israelsen, Darwin L. Sorensen, Alberta J. Seierstad, Charlotte Brennard

Reports

Introduction: The rising level of the Great Salt Lake has received a great deal of attention because of the resulting physical damage to adjoining properties, threatened distruption of major transportation facilities, and environmental damage to feeding and resting areas for migratory waterfowl. Another problem of growing concern is that some zones of the lake are producing odors that are objectionable to nearby populated areas. These odors are most offensive during the warm summer months and appear to be increasing with the rising levels and decreasing salinity of the lake water. This report presents the approach taken and the findings of …

Water Education Grades K-6, Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Preface: Water Activites for Elementary Children is based upon the assumption that children learn best by doing. In education, and especilly in science, talking is not necessarily teaching. The most desireable types of learning involve direct, first hand experience, not just a teacher's interpretation of these experiences. This set of learning experiences has been designed for teachers, teachers-in-training, and children, Each concept includes background information for the teacher and learning activities for the children. Lessons are designed so taht a teacher can successfully teach a unit or lession with a minimum of knowledge, preparation, and equipmnet. Most of the suggested …

Water Well Pump Efficiency Monitor Units, Calvin G. Clyde, Duard S. Woffinden, Graeme Duncan

Reports

Indroduction: As the costs for pumping municipal, industrial and irrigation water rise, owners and the public area giving increased attention to energy conservation. One way to conserve energy is to operate water pumps at or near peak efficiency. The measurement of pump efficiency usually requires a special test equipment, a skilled operator and time to perform the test. Owners may find it more economical to waste power than to monitor for inefficiencies. One way to help change this situation is to develop inexpensive equipment for unskilled people to use to obtain rapid measurements of pump efficiency under typical operating conditions. …

Methodology Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake , David S. Bowles, L. Douglas James, D. George Chadwick, Ronald V. Canfield, Norman Stauffer

Reports

No abstract provided.

Delineation Of Landslide, Flash Flood, And Debris Flow Hazards In Utah, David S. Bowles

Reports

During 1982, 1983, and 1984, abnormally wet conditions in Utah triggered flash floods, landslides, and debris flows. Pore pressures built in hillside soils below melting snows and during prolonged periods of rainfall until the mass suddenly gave way, sometimes as a landslide and other times as a non-Newtonian debris flow that moved rapidly long distances down mountain slopes until finally stiffened by moisture loss or velocity loss because of flatter gradients. Also, runoff from heavy rainfall bursts picked up weathered and other loose material that accumulated on land surfaces over long dry periods . The sediment laden waters flowed out …

A Methodology For Estimating Instream Flow Values For Recreation, Parvaneh Amirfathi, Rangesan Narayanan, A. Bruce Bishop, Dean Larson

Reports

Water flowing in streams has value for various types of recreationists and is essential for fish and wildlife. Since water demdns for offstream uses in the arid west have been steadily increasing, increasing instream flows to enhance the recreational experience might be in conflict with established withdrawals for uses such as agriculture, industries, and households. Since market prices are not observable for instream flows, the estimation of economic value of instream flow would present well known difficulties. The household production function theory was used to build the theoretical model to measure economic value of instream flow. A representative sample of …

Optimal Configuration Of Regional Water Supply Systems (Wasopt2) , Mohamed L. Al-Eryani, Trevor C. Hughes

Reports

Any water supply system can be conceptualized as consisting of three componenets--source development facilities (including treatment), transmission facilities, and a distribution network. The scope of this report is limited to the first two--the source related facilities upstream from the distribution network. In the mathematical modeling of regional rural systems, the number of variables, and hence the size of the model, increases rapidly as the number of system componenets and their alternative designs increase. Regardless of the method of solution, manual preparation of large models is cumbersome and is vulnerable to human error both in the computations of the matrix coefficients …

Identification And Modeling The Impact Of Marine Shale Bedrock On Groundwater And Stream Salinity: Upper Colorado River Basin, Christopher J. Duffy, Jerome J. Jurinak, Sanjay Sangani, Ali Azimi

Reports

Recent studies have shown that groundwater is a major contributor to stream salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The primary salt sources are the marine shales and shale residuum that underlie the soils of much of the basin. A field site in the Price River Basin, a tributary to the Green and Colorado Rivers, was selected to study the physical and chemical factors that control the interactions between groundwater and these shales. Preliminary data were available at the site as a result of a Bureau of Reclamation study conducted by CH2M Hill. On the basis of the CH2M Hill …

Problems Of Small Privately Operated Water Companies In Utah, Jay M. Bagley, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Although one in seven domestic water supply systems in Utah are privately owned and operated, they are characteristically small with 94 percent serving populations of less than 1,000. Per capita costs of service vary greatly but become relatively high for locations that are remote, where terrain and climate are extreme, where scale economies are absent, and where materials and skills for system repair and replacement are not locally available. Statistics indicate that the incidence of water quality violations relate strongly to system size. Yet corrections are often more difficult to achieve because well trained and full time operators cannot be …

Water Education ... With Emphasis On Deer Creek Reservoir - Provo River Drainage Area (Grades 5-8), Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen, Mardell C. Parrish

Reports

Introduction: The major goals of this publication are to: * promote an awareness of the importance of water resources associated with the target watershed; * provide teachers with learning resources which are easily used in the classroom or in the field; and * provide teachers with teaching materials which help satisfy State Core Standards.

Assessment Of Control Alternatives For The Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles

Reports

Introduction: Over the last few years, the rising level of the Great Salt Lake has changed Utah. It has inundated vast waterfowl feeding areas, crippled the salt industry, required raising transcontinental freeways and railroads, threatened metropolitan waste treatment plants, caused a major electrical outage, and damaged many properties. If nothing is done, approximately $3.6 billion of damages in 1985 dollars can be expected by 2050 (James et al, 1985, p.4). This threat led the State Legislature to set aside $100 million (an amount approximating the damages that had then occurred) in January 1985 to identify, select, and implement remedial measures. …

Evaluation Of Miramat Under High Velocity Flows, C. Earl Israelsen, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Introduction: Newly constructed earth channels and steep cut and fill slopes on construction projects need temporary protection from water erosion until a protective cover of vegetation can be grown. In some instances the temporary protective measures can be left in position to serve as part of the permanent system. Various kinds of vegetative and chemical mulches are available for use as temporary control measures, and other materials such as jute, fiberglass roving, and excelsior blanket are also in use. However, for large volumes of flow and for high velocities, more substantial materials are required. One class of such materials is …

Groundwater Management By Linear Programming, Seungho Song

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Three hydraulic optimization models are developed. These models combine the finite difference equations of two-dimensional groundwater flow in composite aquifers with various linear programming techniques. The hydraulic submodel employed in these hydraulic optimization models is so versatile that it accounts for time varying pumpage, leaky artesian conditions, a variety of boundary conditions, induced infiltrations from streams or rivers, and conversion from artesian to water table conditions. The objective of submodel 1 is to maximize the total hydraulic head from pumping wells at the end of a study period. The objective of submodel 2 is the same as submodel 1, but …

A Statistical Comparison Of A Direct Filtration And A Conventional Water Treatment Facility In The Intermountain Region, Susan K. Burns, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Interest in low-cost direct filtration facilities and their effectiveness in treating the potable water sources of the Intermountain Region is increasing as the need for treated water supplies increase. Direct filtration is a water treatment scheme which does not include sedimentation and in some cases flocculation. Compared to conventional treatment, direct filtration has lowered capital costs, reduced space requirement, and decreased sludge quantities. Moreover, the direct filtration process may offer large reductions in coagulant dosages and costs.

Currently information comparing a direct filtration system to a conventional water treatment system in the Intermountain area is not readily available. The specific …

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation Of Its Environmental Consequences To The Resources Of The State Of Maine, Bigelow Laboratory For Ocean Sciences

Maine Collection

Fundy Tidal Power Development : Preliminary Evaluation of Its Environmental Consequences to the Resources of the State of Maine

A Report to the Maine State Planning Office by the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, April, 1984.

"Technical Report No. 35 - Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine - A Division of Northeastern Research Foundation, Inc."

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methods / Physical and Biological Consequences / Socio-Economic Consequences / Research Needs / Bibliography / Appendix I. Written Comments on Greenberg Model

Review Of In-Place Treatment Techniques For Contaminated Surface Soils - Volume 2: Background Information For In Situ Treatment, Ronald C. Sims, Darwin L. Sorensen, Judith Sims, Joan E. Mclean, Ramzi Mahmood, R. Ryan Dupont

Reports

This second volume of a two volume manual on in-place treatment of hazardous waste contaminated soil supports the treatment methodology described in Volume 1 (EPA- ). The information presented on monitoring to determine treatment effectiveness, characterization and evaluation of the behavior and fate of hazardous constituents in soil/waste systems, and properties (including adsorption, degradation, and volatilization parameters) for various compounds is intended to help the manual user in making more complex decisions and in selecting analyses concerning site, soil, and waste interactions. This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of Contract No. 68-03-3113 by Utah State University under the sponsorship …

Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Deer Creek Reservoir, Jay J. Messer, Thomas B. Hardy, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

Summary and Conclusions: Laboratory analyses of sediment samples recovered from Deer Creek Reservoir showed the sediments to have amoderate potential for serving as a source of phosphorus (P) for the overlying water solumn under anaerobic conditions. This source could account for the occurrence or exacerbation of blue-green algal blooms in the upper end of the reservoir when the sediment surface becomes anaerobic late in the summer. It could also delay the response of the reservoir to programs that decrease external P loading, if the upper end of the reservoir still has large enough algal blooms to render the sediment-water interface …

Soft-Op User Manual For Microcomputer Aided Process Control Of The Oxidation Ditch Facility, Drew D. Mcintyre

Reports

This manual is intended to be used in conjunction with the program SOFT-OP. SOFT-OP was developed at the Division of Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Funding for the program development was supplied by Tremonton City Corporation, Tremonton, Utah. Foreword: SOFT-OP has been developed for use by operators of oxidation ditch wastewater treatment plants (extended aeration activated sludge). The program serves as a useful took in daily plant operation by assisting the operator in various tasks related to process control. These tasks are grouped within the following three classifications: 1. Implementation of control parameters 2. Analysis of process characteristics …

Abstracts Of Specialty Conference Papers; Delineation Of Landslide, Flash Flood And Debris Flow Hazards In Utah, B. Kaliser, M. K. Mccarter, R. Pack, J. Newman

Reports

No abstract provided.

Erosion And Sedimentation In Utah: A Guide For Control, C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

No abstract provided.

New Concepts For Preliminary Hydropower Design: The Powermax Slope, Binary Turbine Sizing, And Static Regain, Frank W. Haws, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

In Utah during the 1960s, the cost of producing electrical energy was as much, or in some cases more, by hydroelectric generation than by plants using steam from coal fired boilers. The relatively high hydropower cost was generally attributed to maintenance and replacement costs associated with plants that had been build in the 1920s. Utah Power & Light Company during the 1960 period decided not to renew power licenses and to abandon many small hdyroplants. Since 1973, rising coal and related fossil fuel costs have caused steam generation costs to accelerate and have made hydroelectric generation relatively more attractive. However, …

Hydropower Potential At State Dam Logan River, Frank W. Haws

Reports

No abstract provided.

Use Of The Hewlett-Packard 9810 Calculator System In Water Quality Analysis, Jerald S. Fifield

Reports

Introduction: It is the purpose of this manual to illustrate the utilization of the Hewlett-Packard, Model 9810A calculator for analyzing water quality data. Familiarization of each program's capabilities is essential for successful application, thus the user should read over the section used before beginning. Each section is complete with instructions and illustrative examples.

Review And Evaluation Of The Gibson Dome High Level Nuclear Waste Repository Environmental Assessment: Geohydrologic Issues, Christopher J. Duffy, Brad Hall

Reports

Introduction: Background/Authorization: This report is meant to provide a technical review and evaluation of Department of Energy documents concerning groundwater, radionuclide travel time and monitoring issues relative to siting a high level nuclear waste repository in the Gibson Dome area in Southern Utah. in so doing we have, during a relatively short period of time, examined in detail the Department of Energy Guidelines concerning high level nuclear waste disposal (1983) including revisions (1984), and each draft of the Environmental Assessments for Davis and Lavender Canyon, up to and including the fifth draft (dated July 27, 1984). In addition, a large …

Summary Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, D. George Chadwick, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Problem Statement: Rising levels of the Great Salt Lake are severely impacting private and public property. in the private sector, the mineral industry, the railroad, and a number of recreation enterprises are suffering major damages. In the publi sector, the State of Utah is esperiencing large losses inflicted on roads and highways, waterfowl and related wildlife areas, and park and recreation facilities. The lake is partitioned by a semipervious railroad causeway into a north and a south arm with the sourth arm having about twice the water surface area and usually being two or three feet higher because it receibes …

Trihalomethane Compounds And Their Precursors In Salt Lake County: Evaluation Of Trihalomethane Source And Production, Kyle R. Cook, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George, Vincent A. Lamarra, Richard A. Hanson

Reports

Salt Lake County, Utah, watershed streams, drinking water treatment plants, and distribution systems were monitored for a period of one year or greater to determine the seasonal watershed precursor load, trihalomethane (THM) formation, and correlation between the two in the drinking water supplies. In addition, unit treatment processes were examined at Parleys, Big and Little Cottonwood water treatment plants, in the spring and late summer, to evaluate THM precursor reduction and THM formation. Additional studies were also conducted to appraise the potential contribution of natural sources to watershed THM precursor loading. Total organic carbon was used to estimate THM precursor …