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Articles 1741 - 1770 of 2166
Full-Text Articles in Civil and Environmental Engineering
Improving Shear Capacity Of Existing Rc T-Section Beams Using Cfrp Composites, Ahmed Khalifa, Antonio Nanni
Improving Shear Capacity Of Existing Rc T-Section Beams Using Cfrp Composites, Ahmed Khalifa, Antonio Nanni
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper presents the shear performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with T-section. Different configurations of externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets were used to strengthen the specimens in shear. The experimental program consisted of six full-scale, simply supported beams. One beam was used as a benchmark and five beams were strengthened using different configurations of CFRP. The parameters investigated in this study included wrapping schemes, CFRP amount, 90°/0° ply combination, and CFRP end anchorage. The experimental results show that externally bonded CFRP can increase the shear capacity of the beam significantly. In addition, the results indicated that the …
Effects Of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment On Aerobic Biodegradability Of Nonionic Surfactants And Polypropylene Glycol, Mehmet Kitis, Craig D. Adams, John Kuzhikannil, Glen T. Daigger
Effects Of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide Pretreatment On Aerobic Biodegradability Of Nonionic Surfactants And Polypropylene Glycol, Mehmet Kitis, Craig D. Adams, John Kuzhikannil, Glen T. Daigger
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Studies were conducted which used the ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) advanced oxidation process to pretreat three classes of compounds prior to aerobic biological treatment. The study compounds included ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers, polypropylene glycols (PPGs), linear secondary alcoholethoxylates (LSAES), and alkylphenolethoxylates (APEs). After preoxidation with ozone and hydrogen peroxide (added at their stoichiometric ratio), 300 mg/L as COD samples were bioassayed in aerobic batch bioassays with a mixed liquor suspended solids concentration of 1500 mg/L. It was found that unoxidized polypropylated compounds (EO/PO block copolymers and PPGs) and LSAEs tended to be biorecalcitrant, …
Deformation In Concrete With External Cfrp Sheet Reinforcement, Joseph M. Tripi, Charles E. Bakis, Thomas E. Boothby, Antonio Nanni
Deformation In Concrete With External Cfrp Sheet Reinforcement, Joseph M. Tripi, Charles E. Bakis, Thomas E. Boothby, Antonio Nanni
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A detailed experimental investigation of local and global deformations of tensile loaded, cracked, rectangular, concrete prisms reinforced with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets was carried out. High and low modulus sheets were applied using three different thicknesses of epoxy interlayer between the sheet and concrete. It was found that the stiffness of the CFRP sheet had a dominant effect on global tension stiffening, whereas interlayer thickness had a dominant effect on local load transfer and damage formation. Thicker interlayers transferred load into through-cracked concrete over longer transfer zones, thereby increasing the spacing of subsequent cracks in the …
Local Bond-Slip Relationship For Frp Reinforcement In Concrete, Francesco Focacci, Antonio Nanni, Charles E. Bakis
Local Bond-Slip Relationship For Frp Reinforcement In Concrete, Francesco Focacci, Antonio Nanni, Charles E. Bakis
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The objective of this paper is to define a rigorous numerical method to calibrate parameters of a given local bond-slip relationship using experimental results of pullout tests, taking into account the distribution of the slip and bond shear stress throughout the bar. The proposed method involves finding parameters of a given bond-slip relationship, such that results of pullout tests can be predicted in terms of applied pullout force and consequent slip at the loaded end and slip at the free end. The method is applied to some experimental data, and the results are discussed. For the application of the proposed …
Influence Of Hydration Temperature On Durability And Mechanical Property Performance Of Prestressed And Precast High-Performance Concrete Beams, John J. Myers, R. L. Carrasquillo
Influence Of Hydration Temperature On Durability And Mechanical Property Performance Of Prestressed And Precast High-Performance Concrete Beams, John J. Myers, R. L. Carrasquillo
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Concrete technology has continued to advance throughout the years to meet the demands of designers and innovative structural systems. With the advent of high-performance concrete (HPC), which contains large amounts of cementitious materials, the investigation of the impact of concrete temperature development during hydration on concrete performance is of keen interest. Match-curing technology was used to investigate the influence of concrete temperature development during hydration on the mechanical and material property performance of prestressed and precast HPC beams. These members were fabricated for use in two recently constructed HPC bridges in Texas. The investigation was conducted in conjunction with the …
Upgrading Missouri Transportation Infrastructure: Solid Reinforced-Concrete Decks Strengthened With Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Systems, T. Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni, R. Mayo
Upgrading Missouri Transportation Infrastructure: Solid Reinforced-Concrete Decks Strengthened With Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Systems, T. Alkhrdaji, Antonio Nanni, R. Mayo
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
More than 40 percent of the bridges in the United States need repair, strengthening, or replacement. Because of limited funds, many states are forced to post load restrictions on their bridges as a temporary measure. Recently, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have emerged as a practical solution for repair or strengthening of highway bridges. Since there are no nationally accepted specifications for design and construction with bonded FRP reinforcement, the Missouri Department of Transportation (MoDOT) has funded a research program aimed at validating the design and analysis procedure through strengthening and testing to failure of bridges under realistic highway loading and conditions. …
Applicability Of Ozone In Small Drinking Water Systems, Craig D. Adams, Justin Sutherland
Applicability Of Ozone In Small Drinking Water Systems, Craig D. Adams, Justin Sutherland
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The use of ozone in water treatment plants is expanding rapidly in the United States. Ozone offers excellent disinfection properties (including chlorine-resistant pathogens) and does not form trihalomethanes. Additionally, ozone can be used to achieve or control many other water quality parameters such as color, taste and odor, and inorganic and organic contaminant concentrations. Control of ozone's disinfection byproducts such as bromate (formed in high bromide waters) is required. This presentation will review the synergistic effects of ozone applicable to use in small water treatment plants.
Accumulation Of Heavy Metals By Vegetables Grown In Mine Wastes, George P. Cobb, Kristin Sands, Melissa Waters, Bobby G. Wixson, Elaine Dorward-King
Accumulation Of Heavy Metals By Vegetables Grown In Mine Wastes, George P. Cobb, Kristin Sands, Melissa Waters, Bobby G. Wixson, Elaine Dorward-King
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Lead, cadmium, arsenic, and zinc were quantified in mine wastes and in soils mixed with mine wastes. Metal concentrations were found to be heterogeneous in the wastes. Iceberg lettuce, Cherry Belle radishes, Roma bush beans, and Better Boy tomatoes were cultivated in mine wastes and in waste-amended soils. Lettuce and radishes had 100% survival in the 100% mine waste treatments compared to 0% and 25% survival for tomatoes and beans, respectively. Metal concentrations were determined in plant tissues to determine uptake and distribution of metals in the edible plant parts. Individual soil samples were collected beneath each plant to assess …
Chemical Oxidation Of Mtbe Under O2-Rich And O2-Limited Environments Coupled With Biological Degradation Of Oxidation Byproducts, J. Sutherland, B. Panka, Craig D. Adams, Joel Gerard Burken
Chemical Oxidation Of Mtbe Under O2-Rich And O2-Limited Environments Coupled With Biological Degradation Of Oxidation Byproducts, J. Sutherland, B. Panka, Craig D. Adams, Joel Gerard Burken
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The H2O2/UV Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) Was Investigated to Determine Byproduct Formation under Different Experimental Conditions (PH, Alkalinity, and H2O2/UV Dose). a Key Factor in the Efficiency of the AOP Was the Dissolved Oxygen Concentration. Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) Analysis Was Used to Identify Byproducts Resulting from Oxidation under Oxygen-Rich and Oxygen-Limited Conditions. Resultant Oxidation Byproducts Were Analyzed for their Susceptibility to Biological Degradation. Biodegradation Rate Constants Were Determined and Modeled for the Primary Byproducts of the Advanced Oxidation Process. Inhibition Resulting from the Presence of Multiple Byproducts in a Biological System Was Investigated as Well. Effects of Process Parameters …
Degradation And Uptake Of Benzene In Laboratory Phytoremediation Studies, Carla Ross, Lisa M. Harrison, Adrian Marsh, Lars Zetterstrom, Joel Gerard Burken
Degradation And Uptake Of Benzene In Laboratory Phytoremediation Studies, Carla Ross, Lisa M. Harrison, Adrian Marsh, Lars Zetterstrom, Joel Gerard Burken
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In Whole-Plant Laboratory Studies, Hybrid Poplar Trees Were Shown to Impact a Variety of Fate and Transport Mechanisms for Benzene. Laboratory Experiments Investigated the Distribution of the Contaminant in the Plant Tissues, Degradation in the Soil Profile, and Volatilization from Both the Soil and Leaf Tissues. a New Testing System Was Developed that Allowed for Rapid Testing that is More Field-Representative Than Earlier Studies. Whole Plants Were Utilized in a Reactor Design that Included Both a Saturated and a Vadose Zone. the Continuous Feed Reactors Were Supplied with a Steady Influent Benzene Stream to Mimic Plume Conditions. the Presence of …
Biotreatment And Chemical Speciation Of Lead And Zinc Mine/Mill Wastewater Discharges In Missouri, U.S.A., Mujde Erten-Unal, Bobby G. Wixson
Biotreatment And Chemical Speciation Of Lead And Zinc Mine/Mill Wastewater Discharges In Missouri, U.S.A., Mujde Erten-Unal, Bobby G. Wixson
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Continued mining development in the world's largest lead producing area has generated and increased concern over effective mine water treatment in Missouri's New Lead Belt. A new type of mine/mill wastewater treatment system was constructed which consisted of a tailings pond followed by a series of artificially constructed meandering biotreatment channels and a polishing lagoon. This system provided additional retention time and distance for the removal of heavy metals by abundant aquatic plants and sedimentation. Seasonal field sampling and analytical testing that evaluated the present system confirmed that it provided good treatment for removal of heavy metals within the company …
Slip Modulus Of Frp Sheets Bonded To Concrete, Y. J. Lee, T. E. Boothby, C. E. Bakis, Antonio Nanni
Slip Modulus Of Frp Sheets Bonded To Concrete, Y. J. Lee, T. E. Boothby, C. E. Bakis, Antonio Nanni
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
An analytical tension-stiffening model was developed for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets bonded to reinforced concrete based on equilibrium equations and the assumption of linear behavior between bond stress and slip. Experimental measurements were made on small- and large-scale specimens. For the small-scale specimens, the primer coat thickness (adhesive thickness between concrete and FRP sheet) was varied for each specimen. By comparisons of the experimental data to the analytical results, the slip modulus at the concrete/FRP sheet and concrete/steel interface was established at the service load level. From this study, it was found that primer coat thickness has a modest influence …
Evaluation Of Bond Using Frp Rods With Axisymmetric Deformations, Mesfer M. Al-Zahrani, Salah U. Al-Dulaijan, Antonio Nanni, Charles E. Bakis, Thomas E. Boothby
Evaluation Of Bond Using Frp Rods With Axisymmetric Deformations, Mesfer M. Al-Zahrani, Salah U. Al-Dulaijan, Antonio Nanni, Charles E. Bakis, Thomas E. Boothby
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
This paper presents experimental results obtained with the direct pull-out test using machined and wrapped glass/vinyl ester, carbon/vinyl ester, and carbon/epoxy FRP rods with axisymmetric lugs. The typical results are given as nominal shear stress vs. free- and loaded-end slip. Experimental results obtained from strain probes used during the pull-out test are presented as shear stress vs. strain. Machined glass/vinyl ester FRP rods with embedded lengths including five and 10 lugs, and different lug widths and heights were studied. The failure mode consisted of the shearing off of the lugs without concrete damage. Four concrete mixtures with strengths ranging from …
Membrane Process For Biological Treatment Of Contaminated Gas Streams, Sarina J. Ergas, Leslee Shumway, Mark W. Fitch, Jeffrey J. Neemann
Membrane Process For Biological Treatment Of Contaminated Gas Streams, Sarina J. Ergas, Leslee Shumway, Mark W. Fitch, Jeffrey J. Neemann
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor Was Investigated for Control of Air Emissions of Biodegradable Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). in the Membrane Bioreactor, Gases Containing VOCs Pass through the Lumen of Microporous Hydrophobic Hollow Fiber Membranes. Soluble Compounds Diffuse through the Membrane Pores and Partition into a VOC Degrading Biofilm. the Hollow Fiber Membranes Serve as a Support for the Microbial Population and Provide a Large Surface Area for VOC and Oxygen Mass Transfer. Experiments Were Performed to Investigate the Effects of Toluene Loading Rate, Gas Residence Time, and Liquid Phase Turbulence on Toluene Removal in a Laboratory-Scale Membrane Bioreactor. Initial …
Institutional Controls For Contaminated Sites: Help Or Hazard, Mary R. English, Robert B. Inerfeld
Institutional Controls For Contaminated Sites: Help Or Hazard, Mary R. English, Robert B. Inerfeld
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors discuss the different institutional controls available to control long term site remediation of hazardous waste to prevent exposure to residual contamination.