Catalysis and Reaction Engineering Commons^™

The Research Of Conditions For The Formation Of Phenol Formaldehyde Resins Modified With Hydroxyl Containg Polyether Polyol, Magrupov Farkhad, Umarov Sherali, Tohirov Murodjon, Radjabova Zukhra

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of the study was to study the conditions of copolycondensation of phenol alcohol with hydroxyl-containing polyether polyol in the presence of maleic anhydride chain extender in order to obtain modified thermoset phenolic-formaldehyde oligomers. Investigation of the dependence of the content of free phenol, formaldehyde and methylol groups on time during the synthesis of the modified phenol-formaldehyde resin with the ratios hydroxyl-containing polyether polyol:phenol alcohol 1:60 mol/mol and 1:100 mol/mol. It was revealed that maleic anhydride, present in the reaction medium as a copolycondensation catalyst, also participates in copolycondensation reactions as a chain extender. Moreover, as the molar fraction …

The Research Of Conditions For The Formation Of Phenol Formaldehyde Resins Modified With Hydroxyl Containg Polyether Polyol, Magrupov Farkhad, Umarov Sherali, Tohirov Murodjon, Radjabova Zukhra

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of the study was to study the conditions of copolycondensation of phenol alcohol with hydroxyl-containing polyether polyol in the presence of maleic anhydride chain extender in order to obtain modified thermoset phenolic-formaldehyde oligomers. Investigation of the dependence of the content of free phenol, formaldehyde and methylol groups on time during the synthesis of the modified phenol-formaldehyde resin with the ratios hydroxyl-containing polyether polyol:phenol alcohol 1:60 mol/mol and 1:100 mol/mol. It was revealed that maleic anhydride, present in the reaction medium as a copolycondensation catalyst, also participates in copolycondensation reactions as a chain extender. Moreover, as the molar fraction …

Reaction Kinetics Of The Hydrogenation Of Phenol In A Tubular Reactor, Michael Selzer

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The reaction kinetic parameters for the hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone are determined for the liquid phase reaction with the palladium catalyst supported on an electrospun PVDF membrane. Runs of the reactor were completed at catalyst loadings of 40, 50, and 60 g/m², and tube diameters of 0.187 in and 0.25 in with a runtime of ten hours. One-dimensional and two-dimensional models of the experimental setup were developed. Fitting data to the one-dimensional model found that the pre-exponential factor was 2.50 x 10⁴, the activation energy was 7.69 kJ/mol, and the order with respect to phenol …

Photocatalytic Decomposition Of Phenol Under Visible And Uv Light Utilizing Titanium Dioxide Based Catalysts, Marjorie G. Steiner

Honors Theses and Capstones

Pollution in wastewater effluvia from phenol and phenolic compounds is a common occurrence in many industrial manufacturing plants. Phenol is toxic to human beings as well as a contaminant to the environment, meanwhile, it is difficult to remove from wastewater due to its non-biodegradable nature. To boost the rate of decomposition, various catalytic approaches have been developed. With the interest of decreasing operation cost, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) based catalysts have emerged as good candidates for the photocatalytic process.

In this honors project, a series of TiO₂ based catalysts, including TiO₂, N-TiO₂, Cu-TiO_{2 …}

Preparation Of Benzoquinone From Phenol By Electrooxidation, Dong-Fang Niu, Cheng-Kai Yu, Xin-Sheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The benzoquinone was prepared from phenol by electrooxidation in an H-type cell with cation exchange membrane, in which lead plates were used both as an anode and a cathode, while H₂SO₄ was used as a supporting electrolyte. The effects of current density, concentration of sulphuric acid, concentrations of benzoquinone in electrolyte and extractant on the yields and efficiencies of electrolysis were investigated. Under the optimized conditions of current density being 4 A·dm^-2, concentration of sulphuric acid 1 mol·L^-1, passed charge 3.2 A·h, the yield and current efficiency of benzoquinone could reach 68% and …

Effect Of Ti/Pbo2 Electrodes Doped With Different Elements On Electrocatalytic Oxidation Characteristics Of Phenol, Xiao-Lei Liu, Yuan-Yuan Dan, Hai-Yan Lu, Hai-Bo Lin, Ming-Li Ouyang, Chuan-Jun Yun

Journal of Electrochemistry

Three types of electrodes, namely, Ti/PbO₂, F-doped PbO₂ (Ti/PbO₂-F) and nano-Co₃O₄-doped PbO₂ (Ti/PbO₂+Nano-Co₃O₄) electrodes, were prepared by electro-deposition method on the Ti substrate with the interlayer of SnO₂-Sb₂O₅. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the compositions, structures and film morphologies of the electrodes. Electrocatalytic oxidation characteristics to phenol on the prepared electrodes were investigated by electrochemical method. The experimental results showed that compared with the Ti/PbO₂ electrode, the potentials of oxygen …

Anode Electrodeposition Of Ti/Mno2 Electrode And Electrocatalytic Oxidization Properties Of Phenol Degradation, Ye Chen, Wen-Li Zhao, Qing Wen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ti-base manganese dioxide (Ti/MnO₂) electrode was prepared by anodically electrodeposition technology in this paper. The structure of the electrode, the microstructure of the electrode surface and the element composition of the electrode were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The preparation process parameters of the electrode were studied in detail with the help of the V~logi curve and phenol degradation curve. The Ti/MnO₂ electrode was anodically electrodeposited at current density 4mA•cm^-2, the Mn^{2 +} ions concentration 0.5mol•L^-1 and temperature70℃. The V~logi curve and phenol degradation curve were used to evaluate electrocatalytic oxidization properties …

Electricity Generation In Microbial Fuel Cells Catalyzed By Mixed Culture And Pure Culture, Chen-Dong Shuang, En-Ren Zhang, Guo-Wang Diao, Fang-Fang Fan, Jie Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Microbial fuel cells(MFCs) were constructed by inoculating fresh sedimentary microorganisms.Effect of phenol on performance of MFCs was investigated.The results showed that the generation of electrical current was induced by bacteria attached on the surface of the anode.Presence of phenol reduced the rate of glucose consumption and extended the duration of electricity generation with the same addition of glucose.In addition,the electricity generation by a single strain(belonging to pseudomonas species) separated from the sedimentary MFC was also investigated.The experimental results indicated that the presence of metabolic intermediates which exhibited electrochemical activity was necessary for the electricity production.Analysis of GC-MS showed that the …

Electrochemical Oxidation Of The Phenol In The Chloride System, Yong Liu, Dan Liu, Shi-Lin Zhao, Jing-Jing Lai

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Ru-Ir /Ti electrode as cathode to electrolysis the synthetic phenolic wastewater was studied. The effect of the initial chloride concentration on the electrolytic treatment result has been discussed. Experiment result shows that the electrochemical oxidation of phenol suits to one kinetics equation in given electrolytic time. If the initial chloride concentration in wastewater increases, the time of the electrochemical oxidation of phenol can be shorten, in other words the apparent rate constant is greater. The middle matters of electrochemical oxidation of phenol in the chloride system detected out by HPLC and GC-MS is mainly 1-chloro-phenol, 4-chloro-phenol, 2,4-dichloro-phenol, 2,6-dichloro-phenol, 2,4,6-trichloro-phenol, …

Research On Phenol Wastewater Treatment By Electrochemical Oxidation, Tian-Cheng Li, Shen-Lin Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical oxidation is an effective technology for the phenol wastewater treatment, and the anode properties are important to the electrochemical oxidationefficiency. The over-potentials of oxygen evolution have been measured for thestainless steel, feasible graphite and SnO₂/Ti anode respectively. Moreover, the synthetic phenol wastewater was treated by the electrochemical oxidation with the stainless steel or feasible graphite anodes. The experimental results showed that the order of the over-potential is SnO₂/Ti > graphite > stainless steel; meanwhile, the COD values of purified water were approaching to or less than 100 mg·L^-1, and the phenol concentrations in the purified …

Study On Degradation Of Phenol By Electrochemical Oxidation, Yue-Li Liu, Hong-Hua Ge

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical oxidation of phenol was carried out by the Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA) electrode, which has been discarded as waste by alkali chloride factory. The result indicates that a good phenol removal can be obtained under certain phenol concentration by the DSA electrode. The key factor in effecting phenol removal of electrochemical oxidation is applied current density, the following factors are pH, electrolyte concentration and phenol concentration. After experiments, the optimal test conditions are 30 mA/cm², pH 10, electrolyte concentration 10 mg/L, phenol concentration 10 mg/L.67% CODcr removal and 90% absorbance removal are gained by electrochemical oxidation for …

Adsorption And Oxidation Of Phenol Electrode Processes, Bao-Cheng Wang, Yan-Ping Sun, Jin-Hua Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical behaviors of platinum electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry in 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution and 1mol/L sulfuric acid solution contained phenol. The adsorption characteristics of phenol and the intermediat on electrode surface have been discussed. The reactive reversibility and oxidation mechanism of phenol on electrode process have been investigated.The potential of characteristic adsorption was suggested. The various products woud be formed when the electrode potential was greater than the one of characteristic adsorption.

Electro-Oxidation Of Phenol On Sno2/Ti Electrodes Prepared By Thermal Oxidation, Qing-Song Zhang, Hui-Huang Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A SnO₂/Ti electrode prepared by thermal oxidation was used as the anode for galvanostatic electrolysis in acidic solution containing phenol, the time-dependances of phenol concentration, chemical oxygen demand in solution(COD) and instantaneous current efficiency were determined during electrolysis. The results show that with the SnO₂/Ti anode instead of Pt, the COD significantly decreases at the same charge passage, and average current efficiency of oxidation increases by three times. The mechanism for phenol oxidation at two electrodes was discussed.