Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Recovery Of Valuable Metals From Electronic Waste Using A Novel Ammonia-Based Hydrometallurgical Process, Peijia Lin

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

The growing quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), also known as electronic waste (E-waste), has been an area of growing public concern. The abundance of valuable metals contained in waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) has made it a promising secondary resource, especially for Cu and Au. Although the recovery of metals from WPCBs via hydrometallurgical routes has been studied extensively over the past 20 years, most of the research has been limited in the laboratory. In current hydrometallurgical processes, strong acids and expensive oxidizers are often used to ensure a high recovery of metals without considering the sustainability …

A Process Intensification Approach To Improve Volatile Fatty Acids Production, Extraction, And Valorization, Can Liu

Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely used biowaste conversion method. Recent studies have explored arrested methanogenesis as an alternative approach to leverage existing AD facilities and produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) instead of biogas. VFAs have been recognized as precursors for a range of value-added chemicals and bioproducts. Arrested methanogenesis involves inducing acidic fermentation by halting the AD process before methanogenesis. It has been found that higher organic loading and thermophilic conditions enhance VFA accumulation and stabilize the acidic fermentation (AF) system.

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), a significant by-product of the brewing industry, was employed as the feedstock for VFA …

Cyberphysical Systems And Energy: A Discussion With Reference To An Enhanced Geothermal Process, Keshav Kasturi Rangan, Henrique Oyama, Ilham Azali Assoumani, Helen Durand, K.Y. Simon Ng

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

As cyberphysical systems research advances, energy systems will be able to benefit from the developments. In this section, we discuss several points in two newer areas for cyberphysical systems research in chemical engineering: 1) cybersecurity of process control systems; and 2) quantum computation of control actions. The discussion is presented in a general manner, with relevance to flow systems or under traditional control laws (e.g., proportional control). However, to showcase energy systems relevance, we will provide links, at intervals, between the developments discussed and enhanced geothermal systems with energy production through the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC).

Investigation Of Recrosslinkable Preformed Particle Gels For Natural Gas Conformance Control, Ali Abdulmohsen Al Brahim

Doctoral Dissertations

"Recross linkable Preformed Particle Gel (RPPG) is a novel type of preformed particle gel in which particles can bond together to form a strong bulk gel system after being placed in the target formation. In this research, I systematically evaluated the feasibility of using this product to improve gas flooding conformance for mature reservoirs with conduits or fractures. Two RPPG systems were used for the experiment: a CO₂- resistant RPPG (CR-RPPG) synthesized using acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamide-2- methylpropane sulfonate acid (AMPS), designed for CO2 flooding; and an acrylamide-co-acrylic acid-based RPPG (LT-RPPG), designed for water flooding. Different experimental apparatuses …

Co2-Assisted Ethylene Production And Subsequent Purification: A Materials Development, Kinetic Assessment, And Process Performance Investigation, Khaled Baamran

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focuses on the In-Situ CO₂ capture and utilization in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) for ethylene production, and a subsequent ethylene purification through adsorptive separation process. In particular, several dual-function materials (DFMs) were developed, formulated into 3D-structure, and investigated for ODHE reaction to ethylene under various process conditions using CO₂ as a mild oxidant. The DFMs materials were consisted of CaO and metal oxides (e.g., Cr₂O₃ and V₂O₅) supporting H-ZSM-5. The results indicated that higher cell densities lead to better performance due to kinetic enhancement, and the optimum …

Confined Tri-Functional Feox@Mno2@Sio2 Flask Micromotors For Long-Lasting Motion And Catalytic Reactions, Yangyang Yang, Lei Shi, Jingkai Lin, Panpan Zhang, Kunsheng Hu, Shuang Meng, Peng Zhou, Xiaoguang Duan, Hongqi Sun, Shaobin Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

H2O₂-fueled micromotors are state-of-the-art mobile microreactors in environmental remediation. In this work, a magnetic FeO_x@MnO₂@SiO₂ micromotor with multi-functions is designed and demonstrated its catalytic performance in H₂O₂/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for simultaneously sustained motion and organic degradation. Moreover, this work reveals the correlations between catalytic efficiency and motion behavior/mechanism. The inner magnetic FeO_x nanoellipsoids primarily trigger radical species (OH and O₂−) to attack organics via Fenton-like reactions. The coated MnO₂ layers on FeO_x surface are responsible for decomposing H₂O₂ into O_{2 …}

Experimental Study On The Mechanical Controlling Factors Of Fracture Plugging Strength For Lost Circulation Control In Shale Gas Reservoir, Chengyuan Xu, Lingmao Zhu, Feng Xu, Yili Kang, Haoran Jing, Zhenjiang You

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The geological conditions of shale reservoir present several unique challenges. These include the extensive development of multi-scale fractures, frequent losses during horizontal drilling, low success rates in plugging, and a tendency for the fracture plugging zone to experience repeated failures. Extensive analysis suggests that the weakening of the mechanical properties of shale fracture surfaces is the primary factor responsible for reducing the bearing capacity of the fracture plugging zone. To assess the influence of oil-based environments on the degradation of mechanical properties in shale fracture surfaces, rigorous mechanical property tests were conducted on shale samples subsequent to their exposure to …

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Biosensing Platforms For The Sensitive Determination Of Trace Elements And Heavy Metals: A Comprehensive Review, Hessamaddin Sohrabi, Shahin Ghasemzadeh, Sama Shakib, Mir Reza Majidi, Amir Razmjou, Yeojoon Yoon, Alireza Khataee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Heavy metals in food and water sources are potentially harmful to humans. Determination of these pollutants is critical for improving safety. Effective recognition systems are a contemporary challenge; several novel technologies for the quick, easy, selective, and sensitive determination of these compounds are in demand. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based sensors and biosensors have crucial applications in identifying these potentially harmful substances. Here, we review electrochemical and optical biosensors for in situ sensing that are sensitive and cost effective, with a simple protocol and wide linear range. Despite the abundance of articles in this field, we assessed and checked out various basic …

Shale Wettability Characteristics Via Air/Brines And Air/Oil Contact Angles And Influence Of Controlling Factors: A Case Study Of Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, Darya Khan Bhutto, Abdul Majeed Shar, Ghazanfer Raza Abbasi, Ubedullah Ansari

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Wettability is the fundamental parameter that influences the productivity of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The knowledge of this regarding shale formation is yet inadequate; thus, detailed analysis is essential for successful development of such reservoirs. The Early Cretaceous Sembar formations in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan, is considered as the key target for energy exploration; however, it exhibits large uncertainties due to the lack of data availability. Sembar shales hold significant hydrocarbon volumes rich in organic content; however, prior to this, no comprehensive research has been conducted to quantify the wetting behavior of these shales. Thus, precise information about the wetting behavior …

Partially Oxidative Torrefaction Of Woody Biomass Pellets: Burning Behaviour And Emission Analysis, Sajid Riaz, Yasir M. Al-Abdeli, Ibukun Oluwoye

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Non-conventional torrefaction under partially oxidative conditions is an emerging cost-effective thermochemical pre-treatment method to improve the quality of biomass for energy applications. The literature lacks data on the combustion of biomass torrefied under oxygen-deficient atmosphere with actual reactor conditions (inevitable non-uniformities in the thermal environment). In this work, a dual mode fixed-bed biomass (torrefaction) reactor and combustor was operated on Australian biomass pellets, to torrefy the fuels at 275 °C for 30 min using partially oxidative atmosphere (O₂: 5 vol %, balance N₂) and then to combust them. Combustion behaviour with a particular focus on gaseous …

Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles In A Magnetic Field To Enhance Oil Production From Oil-Wet Carbonate Reservoirs, F. Amrouche, M. J. Blunt, Stefan Iglauer, M. Short, T. Crosbie, E. Cordero, D. Xu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Enhanced oil production can maximise yield from depleted reservoirs, and in the face of dwindling global oil reserves can reduce the need for exploratory drilling during the transition away from fossil fuels. A hybrid technique, merging a magnetic field (MF) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs), was investigated as a potential method of enhancing oil production from oil-wet carbonate reservoirs. The impact of this hybrid technique on rock wettability, zeta potential, and interfacial tension was also investigated. Displacement experiments were carried out on oil-wet Austin chalk – a laboratory carbonate rock analogue – using MgO NPs in deionized water (DW) …

Size Distribution, Elemental Composition And Morphology Of Nanoparticles Separated From Respirable Coal Mine Dust, Shoeleh Assemi, Lei Pan, Xuming Wang, Titilayo Akinseye, Jan D. Miller

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Nanoparticles, defined as particles with one dimension below 100 nm, contribute little to the total mass concentration in respirable coal mine dust (RCMD) toxicological studies, but they could have a considerable part in the adverse health effects by RCMD inhalation. It has been shown that inhaled nanoparticles can penetrate deep into the lung and could plausibly contribute to acute and chronic pulmonary diseases by triggering oxidative stress formation and inducing inflammation. RCMD nanoparticles from samples collected in an underground mine in the United States were analyzed by a particle separation technique, field-flow fractionation (FFF), for size, morphology, and elemental composition. …

Comparative Static And Dynamic Analyses Of Solvents For Removal Of Asphaltene And Wax Deposits Above- And Below-Surface At An Iranian Carbonate Oil Field, Milad Norouzpour, Amin Azdarpour, Rafael M. Santos, Ali Esfandiarian, Moein Nabipour, Erfan Mohammadian, Abbas K. Manshad, Alireza Keshavarz

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

During production from oil wells, the deposition of asphaltene and wax at surface facilities and porous media is one of the major operational challenges. The crude oil production rate is significantly reduced due to asphaltene deposition inside the reservoir. In addition, the deposition of these solids inside the surface facilities is costly to oil companies. In this study, the efficiency of different solvents in dissolving asphaltene and wax was investigated through static and dynamic tests. The analysis of solid deposits from the surface choke of one of the Iranian carbonate oil fields showed that they consisted of 41.3 wt % …

Splitting Tensile Strength Of Recycled Tire Steel Fiber-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Slag Concrete Designed By Taguchi Method, Milad Eskandarinia, Mina Esmailzade, Farhad Aslani

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Despite offering several benefits in terms of environment and economics, few studies were conducted on the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) based alkali-activated concrete reinforced with recycled tire steel fibers (RTSFs). Therefore, this paper employed the Taguchi method to investigate and optimize the influence of GGBFS content, the alkaline solution to GGBFS content ratio, sodium hydroxide solution concentration, and RTSF volume fraction on splitting tensile strength (STS) of recycled tire steel fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag concrete (RTSFR-AASC). The microstructural evaluation was done through scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The results indicated that the fiber content, …

Repeatability Of Alkanolamines In Carbon Dioxide Capture After Mineralization, Titiwut Sirima

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The mineralization reaction between alkanolamines solution loaded with CO2 and calcium ions (Ca2+) produced calcium carbonate precipitate under an ambient condition, which reduced energy for thermal regeneration of alkanolamines solution. This work represented alkanolamines as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA). In addition, calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulphate (CaSO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were used as calcium sources. Utilization of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) as a calcium source in the mineralization reaction resulted in the supernatant retaining its ability to capture carbon dioxide over 89%, which is similar to thermal regeneration. The mineral regeneration and the thermal regeneration can regenerate …

Utility Optimization Via Multi-Section Heat Integration Approach For Multi-Period Operations, Ariyachai Silprasert

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Heat Exchanger Network (HEN) optimization is essential for achieving utility conservation and minimizing the Total Annual Cost (TAC) by maximizing heat recovery between process streams. This study investigates on single and multi-section heat integration within a caprolactam (CPL) plant, conducted in collaboration with a petrochemical company. The investigation comprehensively addresses multi-period operations, considering production rate variability at 60%, 80%, and 100% loads. This variability is due to fluctuating operating conditions influenced by economic factors, as well as start-up and shut-down schedules. This work utilizes process simulation namely Aspen Plus and establishes HEN solutions using Aspen Energy Analyzer (AEA) and conventional …

Techno-Economic Analysis Of Dimethyl Ether Production Via Direct Hydrogenation Of Co2, Boonyasit Farkham

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

To achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, alternative and sustainable fuels are receiving significant attention. One of the interesting options is dimethyl ether (DME), which can be synthesized from CO2. This research aimed to simulate DME production from CO2 by comparing indirect synthesis (two-step process) and direct synthesis (one-step process) methods. This study found that the one-step process had negative net CO2 emissions, with values of -1.16 tons CO2 per ton of DME. It also consumed less energy compared to that of the two-step process. This was because the amount of methanol generated in the two-step process was higher than in …

วัสดุผสมขั้นสูงของไบโอชาร์และโครงสร้างโลหะอินทรีย์ (Mofs) สำหรับการเก็บไฮโดรเจน, แซมสัน บามิเดเล อาคินโดเย

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การพึ่งพาเชื้อเพลิงฟอสซิลในยุคอุตสาหกรรม โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งสำหรับการขนส่ง ส่งผลให้การปล่อยก๊าซเรือนกระจก (GHG) เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมาก ซึ่งมีส่วนทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศ การจัดการกับปัญหาสิ่งแวดล้อมนี้จำเป็นต้องมีแนวทางแก้ไขที่เป็นนวัตกรรมเพื่อลดการพึ่งพาเชื้อเพลิงแบบเดิมๆ การศึกษานี้มุ่งเน้นไปที่การพัฒนาวัสดุคอมโพสิตขั้นสูงที่ประกอบด้วยถ่านชีวภาพและกรอบโลหะ-อินทรีย์ (MOF) เพื่อการจัดเก็บไฮโดรเจนอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ เพื่อลดการใช้เชื้อเพลิงฟอสซิลและผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม เราประเมินวัสดุแต่ละชนิด (ถ่านชีวภาพและ MOF) และส่วนประกอบของวัสดุเหล่านี้เกี่ยวกับความสมบูรณ์ของโครงสร้าง สัณฐานวิทยาของพื้นผิว ความพรุน การกระจายขนาดรูพรุน กลุ่มฟังก์ชันของพื้นผิว และความสามารถในการกักเก็บไฮโดรเจน ผลการศึกษาครั้งนี้สามารถปูทางไปสู่ความก้าวหน้าใหม่ๆ ในด้านวัสดุคอมโพสิตและกระทรวงการคลังเฉพาะทางสำหรับการจัดเก็บไฮโดรเจน ซึ่งส่งผลกระทบอย่างมีนัยสำคัญต่อความยั่งยืนและผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมของการขนส่งในอนาคต

Techno-Economic Analysis Of Pre-Treatment Methods For Monoethanolamine (Mea)Co2 Capture Process, Nida Isarapreeda

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Global warming is the increase in the earth's overall temperature due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, leading to the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases cause temperatures to rise, lead to climate change, which encompasses alterations in weather patterns. In Thailand, the industries with significant greenhouse gas emissions include electricity generation, cement production, and steel production. To remove CO2 emissions, the carbon capture process is focused on this research. The Monoethanolamide (MEA) process stands out for its lowest capital investment cost due to its simplicity and minimal equipment requirements. SO2 and NOX can react with amine-based solvents used …

Process Design And Evaluation Of Value-Added Chemical Production From Crude Glycerol Obtained From Biodiesel Industry, Piyawan Thanahiranya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Excessive glycerol, a major by-product of biodiesel industry, has been increasingly utilized as a platform chemical feedstock for production of value-added chemicals. Accordingly, this study aims to simulate the productions of propionic acid (PA), succinic acid (SA), and dihydroxyacetone (DHA) from glycerol via fermentation. For PA production, diluents and extractants as well as techniques in the back-extraction are investigated, whereas the techniques of reactive extraction and direct crystallization, as well as the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an electron acceptor for SA production are investigated. Meanwhile, the effects of carbon source types and glycerol types on the DHA productivity …

Evaluating The Impact Of Increased Cycling On Thermal Power Plants Due To Wind Energy Penetration In The Midwest: A Case Study, Joscelyne Larson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the most significant shifts in the mix of U.S. electricity generation over the past few years has been the rapid expansion of renewable energy resources, especially solar and wind. However, fossil fuels are still necessary to fulfill the world’s energy requirements. Despite efforts to increase the use of renewable energy sources, these sources can be at times unreliable, causing countries around the world to continue to rely on base load units such as coal and natural gas. This decrease in fossil fuels and increase in renewable energy sources presents many complex issues in terms of power system planning, …

Novel Design And Synthesis Of Noble Metal Cluster Decorated Ironoxyfluoride Nanorods For Applications In Lithium-Ion Batteries And Water Splitting Catalysis, Dilann Yasin

Wayne State University Theses

Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as the preferred rechargeable energy storage system for vehicles and small electronics in order to help combat the environmental issues of our time. LIBs play an increasingly important role in the electrification of internal combustion engine vehicles. The performances of existing LIBs have plateaued after decades of research and development. In addition, cost and abundance of the most common battery materials, Lithium, Nickel and Cobalt, have become an issue in the world of energy storage systems. Therefore, in order to meet the increasing demand for safe and cheap energy storage, next‐generation batteries with dramatically improved electrochemical …

Constructing A Fine Dispersion And Chemical Interface Based On An Electrostatic Self-Assembly And Aqueous Phase Compound In Go/Sio2/Sbr Composites To Achieve High-Wear Resistance In Eco-Friendly Green Tires, Rui Zhang, Jiaye Li, Stephen Jerrams, Shui Hu, Shipeng Wen, Ligun Zhang

Articles

The hazard to the ecosystem caused by rubber microparticles generated from tire abrasion has been a constant concern. Therefore, to protect this ecosystem, the development of a tire tread with high abrasion resistance is especially significant. Herein, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used to modify graphene oxide (GO) and silica (SiO2) to obtain GO and SiO2 with positive charges (NG and NS). Furthermore, NG and NS were electrostatically self-assembled by using maleic anhydride (MAH) hydrolysis, thereby obtaining composite particles (NG-NS) with “bridged structures”. Also, the NG-NS/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds possessing fine dispersion of NG-NS were prepared by the aqueous compounding method. …

Surface Modification Of Carbonyl Iron Particles Using Dopamine And Silane Coupling Agent For High-Performance Magnetorheological Elastomers, Jiaqing Zhao, Dongliang Li, Baojie Sun, Liang Jiang, Yanfen Zhou, Shipeng Wen, Stephen Jerrams, Jianwei Ma, Shaojuan Chen

Articles

Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) are smart materials whose mechanical properties can quickly respond to changes in the external magnetic field. This phenomenon is known as the magnetorheological (MR) effect and is the key to the application of magnetorheological elastomers. Previous studies have found that the interface between magnetic particles and elastomers is a critical factor that influencing the MR effect of MREs. To improve the interfacial interaction between silicone rubber (SR) and carbonyl iron (CI) particles, in the MREs considered in this work, CI particles were subjected to surface modification through polydopamine (PDA) deposition and n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) grafting. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy …

Development Of A Vascularized Osteogenic Implant Using Fused Glycosaminoglycan-Chitosan Microcapsules, Charles Michael Gabrion

Wayne State University Theses

Osteoarthritis remains a poorly treatable outcome of traumatic cartilage injury as cartilage is unable to self-repair. Unfortunately, roughly 10% of all adults in the United States have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis although the true fraction is likely at least 30%. While the main focus of osteoarthritis research has been on treating damage to the cartilage, osteoarthritis will also lead to damage to the adjacent trabecular bone due to wear via shearing down of the tissue’s surface. Considering this, in conjuncture with transplanted cartilages’ inability to integrate into the native tissue, unlike the surrounding bone, the significance of a combined osteochondral …

Outstanding Advantages, Current Drawbacks, And Significant Recent Developments In Mechanochemistry: A Perspective View, Silvina Pagola

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Although known since antiquity, mechanochemistry has remained dormant for centuries. Nowadays, mechanochemistry is a flourishing research field at the simultaneous stages of gathering data and (often astonishing) observations, and scientific argumentation toward their analysis, for which the combination of interdisciplinary expertise is necessary. Mechanochemistry’s implementation as a synthetic method is constantly increasing, although it remains far from being fully exploited, or understood on the basis of fundamental principles. This review starts by describing many remarkable advantages of mechanochemical reactions, simplifying and “greening” chemistry in solutions. This description is followed by an overview of the current main weaknesses to be addressed …

More On The Demons Of Thermodynamics, Daniel P. Sheehan, Garret Moddel, James W. Lee

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

3d Cfd Simulation Of A Bubble Column With Internals: Validation Of Interfacial Forces And Internal Effects For Local Gas Holdup Predictions, Hayder Al-Naseri, Joshua P. Schlegel, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

CFD Models (Turbulent Models and Interfacial Forces) Incorporated with the Population Balance Model (PBM) Have Been Validated, Azimuthally, with the Gamma-Ray-Computed Tomography (CT) Results to Address the Effect of the Presence of Internals with Different Arrangements and Diameters. the Superficial Gas Velocity Applied Was Varied from 0.05 to 0.45 M/s. the Results Exhibit the Capability to Predict the Hydrodynamics of the Bubble Column, Further Incorporating the Population Balance Model and Promoting the Prediction of Simulation in High Superficial Gas Velocity. the Effect of Internals Revealed that the Gas Holdup Was Significantly Enhanced in the Bubble Column's Wall Region, While the …

Scalable And Continuous Fabrication Of Dendrimer Based Gene And Protein Delivery Systems, Joseph Johnston

Masters Theses

"Gene and protein therapeutics play critical roles in the drug market and represent the future of biopharmaceuticals. Polymeric nanoparticle-based gene/protein delivery systems are promising owing to their ability to protect the cargo from degradation, improving intracellular delivery and transfection efficiency as well as abundant sources and flexibility to be modified. Yet the successful industrialized production and clinical application of polymeric nanoparticle-based delivery systems have long been limited by unsatisfied delivery efficiency and the lack of reproducible and scalable methods for the preparation of uniform nanoparticles with good batch to batch consistency. To address the unsatisfied efficacy and difficulty in scale-up …

Phosphorus Release And Recovery From Simulated Ferric Wastewater Sludge, Aseel Alnimer

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Phosphorus (P) is a fundamental element necessary for all life forms and a key component in the fertilizer industry. Meanwhile, the excessive load of P to water bodies due to human activities has the potential to promote eutrophication. Wastewater treatment plants remove P either biologically or chemically and produce P rich sludge which could be a potential renewable source for P. At present, commercial technologies exist for P recovery from biological wastewater sludge. However, P recovery from chemical sludge particularly iron(III)-phosphate (Fe-P) sludge generated in chemical P removal plants that use iron(III) salts remains a challenge.

This study explored, in …