Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Mathematical Modeling And Pointwise Validation Of A Spouted Bed Using An Enhanced Bed Elasticity Approach, Sebastián Uribe, Binbin Qi, Omar Farid, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

With a Euler-Euler (E2P) approach, a mathematical model for predicting the pointwise hydrodynamic behavior of a spouted bed was implemented though computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. The model considered a bed elasticity approach in order to reduce the number of required sub-models to provide closure for the solids stress strain-tensor. However, no modulus of elasticity sub-model for a bed elasticity approach has been developed for spouted beds, and thus, large deviations in the predictions are obtained with common sub-models reported in literature. To overcome such a limitation, a new modulus of elasticity based on a sensitivity analysis was developed and …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Silver Nanoparticles In Lamellar Lyotropic Liquid Crystal, Siti Mariah Mohd Yasin

Student Works (2020-2029)

Lamellar lyotropic liquid crystal-silver nanoparticles (LLLC-AgNPs) are synthesized using the in-situ method. The polarizer microscope showed a mosaic-like pattern with fan shape textures. The high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) confirmed that the AgNPs are spherical in shape with 4 – 12 nm size. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determined the LLLC-AgNPs transition anisotropic phase to the highly ordered isotropic phase at 300 °C, and crystallinity was completed at 350 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified that the LLLC-AgNPs were completely decomposed at 700 °C. Ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) found the absorption peaks at around 400 nm and proved that the AgNPs …

Optimizing Membrane Distillation With Solar Thermal Collectors, Andrew Mason, Ben Shulders, Siamak Nejati

UCARE: Research Products

With rising human populations, the demand for freshwater is an ever-growing problem. One emerging technology to combat this problem is membrane distillation (MD). MD has several advantages for water desalination including 100% rejection of solute (salt, heavy metals, etc.) and mergeability with other affordable energy sources (solar heat, electric resistance, etc.) However, at the moment the specific energy consumption (SEC) of MD is very high due to low water production rates and large energy inputs to heat water. In a solar‐assisted design for MD, the high cost of solar collectors (~$200/m2) inhibits the low cost of water production in comparison …

A Scoring Model To Evaluate Offshore Oil Projects: Case Of Eni And Mellitah Oil & Gas, Abdulhakim Giadedi

Dissertations and Theses

Offshore oil projects have many different and unique characteristics, such as larger project size, higher number of scopes, and higher complexity. In fact, offshore oil projects described as mega projects are ones that require significant assessment and acquisition methods in order to reduce risks and failures. Traditionally, cash flow analysis and return on investment are the most known factors to evaluate offshore oil projects. However, there are several other internal and external factors that affect the overall performance of offshore oil projects. A comprehensive approach and advanced tools are required to evaluate these factors that can have a significant impact …

Drug-Loaded Chitosan Film Prepared Via Facile Solution Casting And Air-Drying Of Plain Water-Based Chitosan Solution For Ocular Drug Delivery, Boxuan Li, Juan Wang, Qin Gui, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Chitosan is a nature-based polymer with low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the intractable solubility of chitosan in water and most conventional solvents hampers its biomedical applications. Following the dissolution method for dissolving chitosan in plain water developed by us, chitosan was dissolved in ionic liquid followed by overnight freezing at −20 °C and subsequent solvent exchange with plain water at room temperature. In this study, we fabricated a drug-carrying chitosan film via solution casting and air-drying by using the plain water-based chitosan solution. Specifically, brimonidine tartrate (BT), an antiglaucoma drug, was dissolved in the plain-water based solution and …

Preparation And Characterisation Of Heat Treated Oil Palm-Empty Fruit Bunch/High Density Polyethylene Composites, Nordin Nur Afifah

Student Works (2020-2029)

Natural fibre composites (NFCs) are composite materials, in which the reinforcing fibres are derived from renewable and carbon dioxide neutral resources such as wood or plants. NFC can be made by replacing synthetic fibres with various types of natural fibres. Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre and oil palm mesocarp fibre are two important types of fibrous materials left in the palm-oil industry. In this study, EFB will be used as a reinforcement to the high-density polyethylene (HDPE). EFB was heat-treated at 180°C using vacuum oven for one hour, extrusion compounded with HDPE at 10%, 20% and 30% weight …

Challenges To Levulinic Acid And Humins Valuation In The Sugarcane Bagasse Biorefinery Concept, Emília Savioli Lopes, Jean Felipe Leal Silva, Elmer Ccopa Rivera, Alana Petrina Gomes, Melina Savioli Lopes, Rubens Maciel Filho, Laura Plazas Tovar

Faculty Publications

© 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. Levulinic acid (LA) is currently one of the most promising chemicals derived from biomass. However, its large-scale production is hampered by the challenges in biomass hydrolysis and the poor selectivity due to the formation of humins (HUs). This study addresses these challenges using the biorefinery concept of biomass fractionation. A three-step process (pretreatment, delignification, and acid-catalyzed conversion) was optimized to produce LA from SCB considering the yield (YLA), efficiency (ELA), and concentration of LA (CLA) as functions of temperature, reaction time, acid concentration, and solids loading. By means of a …

Process Improvement And Microbial Characterisation Of Biological Nitrogen Removal For Tropical Wastewater With Low Chemical Oxygen Demand/Nitrogen Ratio, How Seow Wah

Student Works (2020-2029)

Malaysia has one of the most established biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) among the developing Southeast Asian countries. The current WWTPs’ design and operating guidelines in Malaysia are mainly derived from other developed countries with more experiences in operating biological nitrogen removal. These design guidelines are good practices for WWTPs in the temperate climate region, but may not be optimal for the local wastewater characteristics and tropical climate in Malaysia. The local wastewater industry is keen to improve the design and operation of WWTPs to reduce the energy consumption and operating cost, which helps to foster a …

Fractionation And Characterization Of Extracted Lignin From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Synthesized Deep Eutectic Solvents, Tan Yee Tong

Student Works (2020-2029)

Deep eutectic solvent (DES), a new generation green solvent has been introduced as an alternative pretreatment solvent due to its ability for lignocellulosic biomass fractionation and lignin extraction. Numerous types of compounds can be adopted as DES constituents, which has resulted in abundant variation of DES with varying properties. Selection of the suitable chemical compound category is therefore essential for optimum DES performance. However, investigation on the performance comparison between the different DES categories is lacking. In addition, despite its widely acknowledged effectiveness in biomass fractionation, the properties of DES-fractionated biopolymers, especially lignin are not well understood. Hence, this project …

Theoretical Foundation Of Solution Dehydration In Porous Media: Effect Of Microstructure And Solute Interactions, Fernanda Sulantay Vargas

Honors Scholar Theses

Retention and evaporation of water have important implications in many natural and industrial settings. Here we focus on the effect of solute components (salts) as well as system geometry on evaporation rate of water. The study of multicomponent solutions with phase changes is challenging topic because of the complex and inter-connected physical phenomena that govern its dynamics. In the present work we review the theory of water evaporation and simulate evaporation of water as a function of composition and geometry for both droplets and bulk-scale (slit-like) systems. For droplets, we studied levitated droplets and droplets over hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. …

Membrane-Based Removal Of Ammonia From A Waste Stream And Its Recovery, Philip A. Aligwe

Dissertations

At neutral pH levels, ammonia in aqueous streams exists in two forms: ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and dissolved ammonia gas molecules (NH₃). Membrane separation serves as a viable option for treatment of ammonia containing effluents. This can be achieved via by stripping NH₃ from an ammonia feed solution at feed solution pH > 11 via hollow fiber supported gas membrane (SGM) or removing NH₄⁺ from an ammonia feed solution at feed solution pH < 7 via liquid or polymeric membranes.

The first study reported here examines the influence of feed volumetric flow rates on outlet NH₃ concentrations in parallel flow …

Graphene Based Barrier Membrane For Gas Separation Processes, Cheng Peng

Dissertations

Novel graphene oxide (GO) flake-based composite lamellar membrane structure is being developed as a potential component of a garment for protection against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) represented here by simulants, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (a sarin-simulant) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) (a simulant for sulfur mustard), yet allowing a high moisture transmission rate. GO flakes of dimensions 300-800 nm, 0.7-1.2 nm thickness and dispersed in an aqueous suspension are formed into a membrane by vacuum filtration on a porous polyethersulfone (PES) or poly (ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) support membrane for noncovalent π-π interactions with GO flakes. After physical compression of such a …

Moisture Permeable Barrier Membranes For Toxic Gases And Vapors, Yufeng Song

Dissertations

Defense against small molecule toxic gases is an important aspect of protection against chemical and biological threat as well as chemical releases from industrial accidents. Current protective respirators/garments cannot effectively block small molecule toxic gases and vapors and retain moisture transmission capability without a heavy burden.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used as highly effective adsorbents and catalysts to remove ammonia, cyanogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide from air. A nanopacked bed of nanoparticles of MOF by synthesizing them in the pores of microporous membranes is developed in the study. The submicron scale size of membrane pores ensures a large …

Numerical Study Of Paraffin Wax Melting In A Cavity With A Gradient Of Hot Wall Inclination, Agus Dwi Korawan

Makara Journal of Technology

The melting of a phase change material (PCM) in a cavity with a gradient of hot wall inclination was simulated numerically using five models, namely, Model-A, Model-B, Model-C, Model-D, and Model-E with gradients of −2, −4, ∞, 4, and 2, respectively. The PCM was paraffin wax, which was melted using an enthalpy porosity technique with a pressure-based method. Model-A was found to be the best model. For the completion of the melting process, the models were assigned with the liquid fraction of 1. Model-A required the shortest time, followed by Model-B, Model-C, Model-E, and Model-D, respectively. Compared with Model-C, Model-A …

Influence Of Epoxidized Cardanol Functionality And Reactivity On Network Formation And Properties., Emre Kinaci, Erde Can, John J La Scala, Giuseppe R Palmese

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Cardanol is a renewable resource based on cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), which consists of a phenol ring with a C15 long aliphatic side chain in the meta position with varying degrees of unsaturation. Cardanol glycidyl ether was chemically modified to form side-chain epoxidized cardanol glycidyl ether (SCECGE) with an average epoxy functionality of 2.45 per molecule and was cured with petroleum-based epoxy hardeners, 4-4'-methylenebis(cyclohexanamine) and diethylenetriamine, and a cardanol-based amine hardener. For comparison, cardanol-based diphenol diepoxy resin, NC514 (Cardolite), and a petroleum-based epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were also evaluated. Chemical and thermomechanical analyses showed that for …

A Study Of Security Problems In Big Data And Their Solutions, Nozima Akhmedova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Statistical data on information security that concerns Big Data and is the most important for enterprises are provided. Based on this data, we studied problems such as the lack of big data practices and protection, the lack of techniques for protecting big data, the lack of standards for protecting big data, the lack of regulation of big data and ecosystems, security problems in Big Data, and proposed several proposals to improve the security of systems that use this technology.

Optimal Ratio Of Primary And Secondary Clarifier Characteristics In Wastewater Treatment Plants, Makhsud Idrisovich Makhmudov, Zafarbek Esanovich Kuziev, Siroj Sobirovich Nurov, Sanjar Siroj Ugli Sidikov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issues of optimization of aerobic biological wastewater treatment processes are considered. Optimal ratios of characteristics and sizes of primary and secondary sedimentation tanks, as well as their relationship with the concentration of activated sludge by volume, are revealed. Graphical representations of the dependence of the volumes of primary, secondary and total volumes of structures on the concentration of activated sludge in cleaning processes with low and high loads are obtained. Experimental studies have shown that the concentration of activated sludge in the aeration tank and the silt index directly affect the deposition characteristics of activated sludge, in particular the …

Conceptual Basis For Modeling Multi-Cordinate Mechatronic Robot Modules, Yusupbekov Azizbek Nodirbekovich, Nazarov Khayriddin Nuritdinovich, Matyokubov Nurbek Rustamovich, Temurbek Omonboyevich Rakhimov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The conceptual foundations of modeling multi-coordinate mechatronic modules of robots are considered. The use of a multi-coordinate mechatronic movement module in robots made it possible to obtain at the output of one module several linear and angular coordinates, which reduces the weight and dimensions of the robot and thereby improves its dynamic characteristics. The proposed original concept of the mathematical description of a multi-coordinate mechatronic module, which is focused on displaying their structural and operating features. A structural diagram of a developed industrial robot operating in a Cartesian coordinate system and built on the basis of a multi-coordinate mechatronic module …

Ecg Processing And Analysis Technique Based On Neural Network Learning Vector Quantization, Talat Madievich Magrupov, Sherzod Kalandarovich Nеmatov, Yokubjon Talatovich Talatov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The main parameters of the electrocardiogram (ECG) were processed on the basis of the neural network apparatus. A decision support algorithm for ECG analysis using a neural network for learning vector quantization is proposed. For the study was chosen such features as the duration of QRS complex, RR interval, amplitude of R-wave and the change in the slope of ST segment and heart rate, which are five inputs to the neural network learning vector quantization. Methods of pre-processing and analysis of extraction of ECG functions based on the ECG database of a medical institution in Matlab are presented. The generalized …

Capacity Transformer Of Coaxial And Cylindrical Form Of Humidity Meter, Erkin Uljaev, Utkirjon Murodillaevich Ubaydullaev, Shohrux Nurali O'G'Li Narzullaev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The question of development and calculation of construction of a coaxial and cylindrical form of the capacity transformer of a humidity meter is considered. As basic data, the sizes and the materials ditches allowing to measure the humidity of different volumes of bulks from 5 to 50 gr are selected. As materials of a ditch, plastic are selected, and as tanks, the magnetizing materials are selected. It is briefly cited the advantages and disadvantages of ways to measure humidity and the basic dielectric characteristics of capacitive converters. The electrical replacement scheme of the proposed capacitive converter was provided and the …

Static Characteristics Of Thermal Humidity Converters Of Liquid Materials In Continuous Flow, N.I. Avezova, P.R. Ismatullaev, Paraxat Matyakubova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Thermal systems with distributed heat sources based on a pipeline segment with radial holes are proposed for the development of designs of thermal humidity converters for liquid materials. Across the liquid flow there are tubular arguments with cylindrical heat-sensitive elements, on the surface of which the heating element winding was wound, which significantly increased their sensitivity, speed, reliability and allowed the use of standard semiconductor heat-sensitive elements.

A Study Of Static And Dynamic Characteristics Of Multifunctional Signal Converters, Akmal Abdumalikov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issues of continuity, accuracy, speed and reliability of signal conversion, which are the main problems of quality control and management of production processes, remain relevant. Research shows that in practice there are different signal variables, the study of which is highly formalized in a number of modeling tasks and basic classification studies, in particular transients in converters, its sources and elements requires a unified mathematical approach, that is, visual, highly formalized modeling and research based on it. The paper presents a graph model of multifunctional signal converters that provide microprocessor and electronic devices with signals in the form of …

Identification Of Transition Matrix Of Controlled Objects Under Parametric Uncertainty Condition, Uktam Farkhodovich Mamirov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The questions of formation and construction of algorithms for identification of elements of the transition matrix of controlled objects in conditions of parametric uncertainty are considered. To identify elements of the transition matrix, we suggest using a custom model based on the type of Kalman filtration equations. Algorithms for stable calculation of a pseudo-inverse matrix using matrix decomposition are analyzed. Regular algorithms for solving argumentative problems of minimization of the identification quality criterion are given. These algorithms allow us to regularize the problem of adaptive identification of the transition matrix of an object based on regular methods for minimizing functionals …

Structural – Parametric Analysis And Synthesis Of Glass Furnace Condition Observer, Utkir Uktam O‘G‘Li Kholmanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

A modified Kalman filter of the glass cooking process is synthesized, taking into account perturbations in the form of a sequence of colored noises. The possibility of expanding this filter by noise filters to improve functioning in the presence of low-frequency disturbances is studied and a corresponding estimation scheme with additional noise filters is proposed. The results of the simulation allow us to assume that low-frequency disturbances in the glass furnace act at the input and affect the state of the control object.

Reliable Risk Assessment Method For Effective Organization Of Information Security At Enterprise, Fayzullajon Bakhtiyorovich Botirov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The problems of the new industry 4.0 automation paradigm are considered and the latest technologies in the field of information and communication technologies that stimulate it are analyzed, including cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, the Internet of things and big data. Some methods of multidimensional, multi-faceted industrial representation and analysis of big data are proposed. The basics of big data processing using granular computing methods have been developed. Marked the emergence of the problem of creation of special cognitive tool for constructing artificial agents, understanding integrated intelligence enterprises. In the process of information protection at the enterprise, it is proposed to …

Analysis Of Information Security System Standards And Key Aspects Of Security Control, Abduhalil Abdujalilovich Ganiyev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The standards of the information security management system (IMS) are considered and the main aspects of information security management are studied, in particular the international standard ISO/IEC 27001, the Process approach to the management of IS, the stages of development of the information security management system. The measures taken for the organization of information security management systems are defined. Organizational measures include the implementation of information security management systems in the organization.

Detection Method For “Denial Of Service” Attacks On Web Applications, Azizbek Ravshonbek Ugli Ibrohimov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

A method for detecting denial-of-service attacks on web applications based on the use of a multi-layer perceptron is considered. The main issues related to the use of the neural network are described: the process of collecting and preparing statistical data, the features of forming indicators that characterize the state of the web application, as well as the issues of training and evaluating the quality of the neural network.

Recent Progress In Bifunctional Catalysts For Zinc-Air Batteries, Neng-Neng Xu, Jin-Li Qiao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Zinc-air battery has attracted great attention from researchers due to its high energy density and power density, which is expected to be widely used in energy conversion and storage. Air electrode as the core area of oxygen catalytic reaction is the focus of the entire zinc-air battery research. Recently, many research achievements have been made in non-noble metal bifunctional catalysts/electrodes with high activity, low cost and abundant species. In this review, we mainly focus on the reaction mechanism and the recent progress in non-noble metal oxide catalyst, carbon-based catalyst, and carbon-based transition metal compound composite and self-supporting electrode. In addition, …

Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction In Flow Cells, Jia Fan, Na Han, Yan-Guang Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO₂RR) is an appealing approach to convert atmospheric CO₂ to value-added fuels and industrial chemicals, and may play an important role during the transition to a carbon-neutral economy. In order to make this technology commercially viable, it is essential to pursue CO₂RR in flow reactors instead of conventional H-type reactors, and to combine electrocatalyst development with system engineering. In this review, we overview the cell configurations and performance advantages of the two types of flow reactors, analyze their shortcomings, and discuss the effects of their different components including gas diffusion electrode …

Recent Progress On Enhancing Effect Of Nanosized Metals For Electrochemical Co2 Reduction, Yu-Ning Zhang, Dong-Fang Niu, Shuo-Zhen Hu, Xin-Sheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to chemical raw material for further utilization shows promising future to alleviate global warming and realize carbon cycle in nature, which is of great significance to the green chemistry and sustainable development. This review briefly introduces the advantages of CO₂ electrochemical reduction (CO₂ER) and its basic reaction principles, and summarizes the recent progress in a series of activity enhancement strategies based on nanosized metal catalysts. The influences of alloy effect, interface engineering, synergistic effect, surface defect engineering and support effect on the catalytic performance of nanosized metals for CO₂ER …