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Articles 421 - 450 of 532
Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering
Performance Characteristics Of Lithium Coin Cells For Use In Wireless Sensing Systems, Yin Zhang
Performance Characteristics Of Lithium Coin Cells For Use In Wireless Sensing Systems, Yin Zhang
Theses and Dissertations
Understanding the pulsed discharge behavior of low-rate lithium coin cells in wireless sensing systems is critical to prolong the operating life and/or reduce the size of battery-powered WSs. This dissertation presents the battery transient analysis for a sensor duty cycle, experimental studies for sustained pulse discharge cycling, and investigation on recharge strategies for a battery/power harvesting hybrid system for WSs. The transient behavior of the lithium coin cells during pulse discharge and subsequent relaxation was investigated with single-pulse experiments and theoretical analysis. The voltage response for a pulsed discharge had two parts: a region of rapid voltage change and a …
Determination Of Phase Equilibria And The Critical Point Using Two-Phase Molecular Dynamics Simulations With Monte Carlo Sampling, Sonal Patel
Theses and Dissertations
The two-phase MD technique employed in this work determines the liquid and vapor phase densities from a histogram of molecular densities within phase clusters in the simulation cell using a new Monte Carlo (MC) sampling method. These equilibrium densities are then fitted in conjunction with known critical-point scaling laws to obtain the critical temperature, and the critical density. This MC post-processing method was found to be more easily implemented in code, and it is efficient and easily applied to complex, structured molecules. This method has been successfully applied and benchmarked for a simple Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid and a structured molecule, …
Chemical Potential Perturbation: A Method To Predict Chemical Potential Using Molecular Simulations, Stan G. Moore
Chemical Potential Perturbation: A Method To Predict Chemical Potential Using Molecular Simulations, Stan G. Moore
Theses and Dissertations
A new method, called chemical potential perturbation (CPP), has been developed to predict the chemical potential as a function of composition in molecular simulations. The CPP method applies a spatially varying external potential to the simulation, causing the composition to depend upon position in the simulation cell. Following equilibration, the homogeneous chemical potential as a function of composition can be determined relative to some reference state after correcting for the effects of the inhomogeneity of the system. The CPP method allows one to predict chemical potential for a wide range of composition points using a single simulation and works for …
Uv Visible Spectra Analysis Of High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalysts Made From Iron, Lanthanum, Copper, And Chromium Oxides, Jared C. Brown
Uv Visible Spectra Analysis Of High Temperature Water Gas Shift Catalysts Made From Iron, Lanthanum, Copper, And Chromium Oxides, Jared C. Brown
Theses and Dissertations
Hydrogen is a vital component in several different chemical reactions as well as a potential fuel source for the future. The water gas shift (WGS) reaction converts CO and water to hydrogen and CO2. The objective of this work is to first, characterize the potential benefits of the addition of lanthanum oxide (lanthana) to the iron-chromium-copper (Fe-Cr-Cu) oxide catalysts industrially used in high temperature water gas shift processes, and second, analyze these catalysts using in-situ UV-Visible spectroscopy. The benefits of each component in the catalyst are discussed as well as potential benefits from the addition of lanthana. Lanthana is a …
Multi-Processor Computation Of Thrombus Growth And Embolization In A Model Of Blood-Biomaterial Interaction Based On Fluid Dynamics, Brandon Thomas Andersen
Multi-Processor Computation Of Thrombus Growth And Embolization In A Model Of Blood-Biomaterial Interaction Based On Fluid Dynamics, Brandon Thomas Andersen
Theses and Dissertations
This work describes the development and testing of a real-time three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation of thrombosis and embolization to be used in the design of blood-contacting devices. Features of the model include the adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets on device material surfaces, shear and chemical activation of blood platelets, and embolization of platelet aggregates due to shear forces. As thrombus develops, blood is diverted from its regular flow field. If shear forces on a thrombus are sufficient to overcome the strength of adhesion, the thrombus is dislodged from the wall. Development of the model included preparing thrombosis and …
Simulations Of Controlled Fires Using The One-Dimensional Turbulence Model With Application To Fire Spread In Wildland Fires, Elizabeth Ida Monson
Simulations Of Controlled Fires Using The One-Dimensional Turbulence Model With Application To Fire Spread In Wildland Fires, Elizabeth Ida Monson
Theses and Dissertations
The mechanism of flame propagation in fuel beds of wildland fires is important to understand and quantify fire spread rates. Fires spread by radiative and convective heating and often require direct flame contact to achieve ignition. The flame interface in an advancing fire is unsteady and turbulent, making study of intermittent flames in complex fuels difficult. This thesis applies the one-dimensional turbulence (ODT) model to a study of flame propagation by simulating a lab-scale fire representative of the flame interface in a fuel bed and incorporating solid fuel particles into the ODT code. The ODT model is able to resolve …
Nanostructured Catalyst Materials For Next Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Fuel Cells, Wisam J. Khudhayer
Nanostructured Catalyst Materials For Next Generation Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem) Fuel Cells, Wisam J. Khudhayer
Theses and Dissertations
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are electrochemical energy conversion devices which have demonstrated great promise as future energy sources for electric vehicles, as they convert chemical energy to electrical energy with a significantly higher efficiency and lower environmental impact than in standard combustion processes. However, the commercialization of PEM fuel cells for transportation applications has been hindered by several factors such as high cost of Pt, low Pt utilization, poor long-term durability of the conventional PEM fuel cell catalyst (Pt nanoparticels supported on carbon black, Pt/C), and poor thermal and chemical stability of the electrocatalyst supports (carbon black). The …
Carbon Dioxide Transfer Through Hollow Fiber Membranes, Pavlo Kostetskyy
Carbon Dioxide Transfer Through Hollow Fiber Membranes, Pavlo Kostetskyy
Theses and Dissertations
Studies on absorption of CO2 into an aqueous solution using hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber membranes (HFM's) were performed. The use of HFM's for CO2 transfer could significantly improve the biomass growth rate in a photobioreactor for algal biofuel production. The membrane modules were operated in a sealed-end, parallel flow configuration. Several modules were constructed that ranged in interfacial surface area from 466 to 1397 m2/m3. The mass transfer coefficients were calculated based on a model of the system that included a prediction of the internal axial gas concentrations within the fiber lumen. This model was validated by measuring bulk gas …
Chemical Templating By Afm Tip-Directed Nano-Electrochemical Patterning, Kyle A. Nelson
Chemical Templating By Afm Tip-Directed Nano-Electrochemical Patterning, Kyle A. Nelson
Theses and Dissertations
This work has examines the creation and use of chemical templates for nanocircuit and other nanodevice fabrication. Chemical templating can be useful in attachment, orientation and wiring of molecularly templated circuits. DNA origami provides a suitable method for creating molecularly templated circuits as DNA can be folded into complex shapes and functionalized with active circuit elements, such as semiconducting nanomaterials. Surface attachment of DNA origami structures can be accomplished by hybridization of dangling single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on the origami structures with complementary surface-bound strands. Chemical templating provides a pathway for placing the patterned surface-bound attachment points needed for surface alignment …
Modeling Solid Propellant Ignition Events, Daniel A. Smyth
Modeling Solid Propellant Ignition Events, Daniel A. Smyth
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation documents the building of computational propellant/ingredient models toward predicting AP/HTPB/Al cookoff events. Two computer codes were used to complete this work; a steady-state code and a transient ignition code Numerous levels of verification resulted in a robust set of codes to which several propellant/ingredient models were applied. To validate the final cookoff predictions, several levels of validation were completed, including the comparison of model predictions to experimental data for: AP steady-state combustion, fine-AP/HTPB steady-state combustion, AP laser ignition, fine-AP/HTPB laser ignition, AP/HTPB/Al ignition, and AP/HTPB/Al cookoff. A previous AP steady-state model was updated, and then a new AP …
Selective Deposition Of Metallic And Semiconductor Materials Onto Dna Templates For Nanofabrication, Jianfei Liu
Selective Deposition Of Metallic And Semiconductor Materials Onto Dna Templates For Nanofabrication, Jianfei Liu
Theses and Dissertations
This work examines the selective deposition of metallic and semiconductor materials onto DNA templates for the fabrication of nanodevices. DNA origami provides a simple and robust method for folding DNA into a variety of shapes and patterns and makes it possible to create the complex templates needed for nanodevices, such as nanoelectronic circuits, plasmonics, and nanosensors. Metallization of DNA origami templates is essential for the fabrication of such nanodevices. In addition, selective deposition of semiconductor materials onto the DNA template is of importance for making many nanodevices such as nanocircuits. Metallization of DNA origami presents several challenges beyond those associated …
Surface Modification Of Liposomes Containing Nanoemulsions, Jonathan Michael Hartley
Surface Modification Of Liposomes Containing Nanoemulsions, Jonathan Michael Hartley
Theses and Dissertations
Many attempts have been made to make cancer therapy more selective and less detrimental to the health of the patients. Nanoparticles have emerged as a way to solve some of the problems of traditional chemotherapy. Nanoparticles can provide protection for the therapeutic from degradation or clearance, as well as protection to healthy tissue from the damaging effects of chemotherapy drugs. Researchers are pursuing different strategies but all have the same goals of improving the outcomes of cancer patients. The field of controlled release of drugs has increased significantly in hopes of better treating diseases like cancer. Improved control of drug …
Effects Of Pressure On The Properties Of Coal Char Under Gasification Conditions At High Initial Heating Rates, Randy C. Shurtz
Effects Of Pressure On The Properties Of Coal Char Under Gasification Conditions At High Initial Heating Rates, Randy C. Shurtz
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of elevated pressure and high heating rates on coal pyrolysis and gasification were investigated. A high-pressure flat-flame burner (HPFFB) was designed and built to conduct these studies. The HPFFB was designed to provide an environment with laminar, dispersed entrained flow, with particle heating rates of ~10^5 K/s, pressures of up to 15 atm, and gas temperatures of up to 2000 K. Residence times were varied from 30 to 700 ms in this study. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at particle heating rates of ~10^5 K/s and maximum gas temperatures of ~1700 K at pressures of 1 to 15 atm. …
Phospholipid Transport In Silicon Hydrogel Contact Lenses, Yibei Zhao
Phospholipid Transport In Silicon Hydrogel Contact Lenses, Yibei Zhao
Theses and Dissertations
Dry eye syndrome has been associated with the lack of phospholipids in the tear film, leading to disruption of the tear film and subsequent irritation. Characterization of the transport and release of phospholipids from a silicone hydrogel contact lens is required to assess the possible use of these lenses for phospholipid delivery to increase patient comfort. This thesis examines the use of silicone hydrogel contact lenses as phospholipid delivery devices. Contact lenses of silicone hydrogel composition were loaded with varying amounts of radiolabeled 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) from a solution of n-propanol. These lenses were eluted at 35°C into artificial …
Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder
Enhanced Degradation Of Fats, Oils And Greases In Domestic Wastewater Sewer Networks And Grease Interception Systems Using Peat Humic Substances, Matthew Hunnemeder
Theses and Dissertations
The efficacy of peat humic substances in enhancing the degradation of fats, oils and greases (FOG) was investigated under controlled laboratory conditions using bench scale well-mixed bioreactors. An experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of temperature and peat humic substance (PHS) concentration on FOG degradation in domestic wastewater for a temperature range from 10 deg.C to 30 deg.C and a PHS concentration range from 0 to 20 ppm(v). Factors and interactions significantly affecting the rate of FOG degradation were identified, and models to predict FOG degradation rates as a function of PHS concentration and temperature were developed. The …
Prediction Of Fluid Dielectric Constants, Jiangping Liu
Prediction Of Fluid Dielectric Constants, Jiangping Liu
Theses and Dissertations
The dielectric constant or relative static permittivity of a material represents the capacitance of the material relative to a vacuum and is important in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, accurate experimental values are often unavailable and current prediction methods lack accuracy and are often unreliable. A new QSPR (quantitative structure-property relation) correlation of dielectric constant for pure organic chemicals is developed and tested. The average absolute percent error is expected to be less than 3% when applied to hydrocarbons and non-polar compounds and less than 18% when applied to polar compounds with dielectric constant values ranging from 1.0 to 50.0. A …
Eddy Impaction As An Ash Deposition Mechanism: A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation, Minmin Li
Eddy Impaction As An Ash Deposition Mechanism: A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation, Minmin Li
Theses and Dissertations
The eddy impaction ash deposition model derived and validated in this document predicts eddy impaction rates as a function of turbulence intensity, boundary layer thickness, and gas velocity. The experimental apparatus introduces small particles (200 nm, 25 µm, and 500 µm diameter) into a gas stream flowing through a horizontal pipe (Re 2,300-8,000). The particles deposit on the pipe wall and the total mass of impacted particles provides a measure of collection efficiency. Experimental results indicate deposition velocity increases with Reynolds number, consistent with eddy impaction theory and based on increased turbulent energy. Eddy impaction also increases with particle size …
Failing Drop Co2 Deposition (Desublimation) Heat Exchanger For The Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process, David William James
Failing Drop Co2 Deposition (Desublimation) Heat Exchanger For The Cryogenic Carbon Capture Process, David William James
Theses and Dissertations
Cryogenic carbon capture removes CO2 and other pollutants from flue and waste stream gases produced from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil and the production of cement. A transient, 1-dimensional numerical model was developed to study the temperature profile within a counter-current surface CO2 desublimation-falling liquid or solid heat exchanger. Effects of desublimation heat and mass transfer as well as convective and conductive heat transfer relationships were taken into account. Experiments show that CO2 can be captured on a falling spherical particle when appropriate column operating conditions are met.
Microstructure And Transport Properties Of Porous Li-Ion Electrodes, David E. Stephenson
Microstructure And Transport Properties Of Porous Li-Ion Electrodes, David E. Stephenson
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this work is to understand the relationships between electrode microstructure and mass transport resistances. One can use this information to predict cell performance from fundamental principles. This work includes new types of particle-scale 3D models for correlating and predicting the effects of electrode microstructure on both ionic and electronic transport. The 3D models imitate the sub-micrometer-scale arrangement of active material particles, carbon, binder, and pores and use FIB/SEM images as a basis for parameterization. The 3D models are based respectively on the statistical mechanics techniques of molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo. The approach closely related to molecular …
Pyrolysis Kinetics And Chemical Structure Considerations Of A Green River Oil Shale And Its Derivatives, James L. Hillier
Pyrolysis Kinetics And Chemical Structure Considerations Of A Green River Oil Shale And Its Derivatives, James L. Hillier
Theses and Dissertations
This work had the objective of determining both the kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis of oil shale and kerogen as well as using analytical techniques coupled with pyrolysis to shed light on the structure of a specific Green River oil shale. Because of the problems with linearized methods and disagreement among literature values and methods, a new method was developed tofit kinetic parameters to non linearized data. The method was demonstrated to determine the "correct" answer for mathematically generated data within a few percent error and was shown to have a lower sum squared error than the linearized methods. The …
Sawdust Pyrolysis And Petroleum Coke Co2 Gasification At High Heating Rates, Aaron D. Lewis
Sawdust Pyrolysis And Petroleum Coke Co2 Gasification At High Heating Rates, Aaron D. Lewis
Theses and Dissertations
Clean and efficient electricity can be generated using an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). Although IGCC is typically used with coal, it can also be used to gasify other carbonaceous species like biomass and petroleum coke. It is important to understand the pyrolysis and gasification of these species in order to design commercial gasifiers and also to determine optimal conditions for operation. High heating-rate (100,000 K/s) pyrolysis experiments were performed with biomass (sawdust) in BYU's atmospheric flat-flame burner reactor at conditions ranging from 1163 to 1433 K with particle residence times ranging from 23 to 102 ms. Volatile yields and …
Thermodynamic, Sulfide, Redox Potential, And Ph Effects On Syngas Fermentation, Peng Hu
Thermodynamic, Sulfide, Redox Potential, And Ph Effects On Syngas Fermentation, Peng Hu
Theses and Dissertations
Recently, work in ethanol production is exploring the fermentation of syngas (primarily CO, CO2, and H2) following gasification of cellulosic biomass. The syngas fermentation by clostridium microbes utilizes the Wood-Ljungdahl metabolic pathway. Along this pathway, the intermediate Acetyl-CoA typically diverges to produce ethanol, acetic acid, and/or cell mass. To develop strategies for process optimization, a thermodynamic analysis was conducted that provided a detailed understanding of the favorability of the reactions along the metabolic pathway. Thermodynamic analysis provided identification of potentially limiting steps. Once these limiting reactions were identified, further thermodynamic analysis provided additional insights into the ways in which reaction …
The Structure And Stability Of Alpha-Helical, Orthogonal-Bundle Proteins On Surfaces, Shuai Wei
The Structure And Stability Of Alpha-Helical, Orthogonal-Bundle Proteins On Surfaces, Shuai Wei
Theses and Dissertations
The interaction of proteins with surfaces is a major problem involved in protein microarrays. Understanding protein/surface interactions is key to improving the performance of protein microarrays, but current understanding of the behavior of proteins on surfaces is lacking. Prevailing theories on the subject, which suggest that proteins should be stabilized when tethered to surfaces, do not explain the experimentally observed fact that proteins are often denatured on surfaces. In an attempt to develop some predictive capabilities with respect to protein/surface interactions, it was asked in previous works if the stabilization/destabilization of proteins on surfaces could be correlated to secondary structure …
Flammability Limits, Flash Points, And Their Consanguinity: Critical Analysis, Experimental Exploration, And Prediction, Jeffrey R. Rowley
Flammability Limits, Flash Points, And Their Consanguinity: Critical Analysis, Experimental Exploration, And Prediction, Jeffrey R. Rowley
Theses and Dissertations
Accurate flash point and flammability limit data are needed to design safe chemical processes. Unfortunately, improper data storage and reporting policies that disregard the temperature dependence of the flammability limit and the fundamental relationship between the flash point and the lower flammability limit have resulted in compilations filled with erroneous values. To establish a database of consistent flammability data, critical analysis of reported data, experimental investigation of the temperature dependence of the lower flammability limit, and theoretical and empirical exploration of the relationship between flash points and temperature limits are undertaken. Lower flammability limit measurements in a 12-L ASHRAE style …
Syngas Fermentation: Quantification Of Assay Techniques, Reaction Kinetics, And Pressure Dependencies Of The Clostridial P11 Hydrogenase, Bradley E. Skidmore
Syngas Fermentation: Quantification Of Assay Techniques, Reaction Kinetics, And Pressure Dependencies Of The Clostridial P11 Hydrogenase, Bradley E. Skidmore
Theses and Dissertations
Ethanol usage as a transportation fuel is rapidly increasing in the United States. Production of ethanol from cellulose feedstocks via gasification followed by syngas fermentation offers an environmentally friendly approach that mitigates many of the adverse effects associated with production from corn. In the syngas fermentation process, the hydrogenase enzyme of the fermentation bacterium, Clostridium P11 for this work, supplies electrons to the metabolic pathway, facilitating ethanol production. In this thesis, an assay for P11 hydrogenase activity was developed. It was determined that 1) less than 4 minutes of sparging with 50 sccm H2 is needed to reduce O2 levels …
Optimization Of Environmental Conditions To Maximize Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Through Algal Growth, Kenneth M. Karcher
Optimization Of Environmental Conditions To Maximize Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Through Algal Growth, Kenneth M. Karcher
Theses and Dissertations
The micro-alga Chlorella vulgaris was cultivated under a variety of environmental conditions in various culture media solutions to assess and optimize growth rate and biomass productivity. Efforts during this work investigated growth parameters at the micro-scale in an air-lift bubble system with the goal of interpreting performance characteristics that can be applied to a larger serpentine tubular Photo-bioreactor. Maximum growth rates and biomass yields were 0.65 d-1 and 2.003 g biomass/L and achieved in seven days using urea in de-ionized water under a 24:0 Photoperiod (Light:Dark). Additionally, growth rates and biomass yields of 0.65 d-1 and 1.964 g …
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Biomass-Kinetic Model For Chlorella Vulgaris In A Biofuel Production Scheme, William M. Rowley
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Biomass-Kinetic Model For Chlorella Vulgaris In A Biofuel Production Scheme, William M. Rowley
Theses and Dissertations
Chlorella vulgaris was cultured in microbioreactors using Bold’s Basal medium at varying nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations to define nitrogen and phosphorus utilization standards. Nutrient concentration was varied between 137 mg/L to 7.33 mg/L NO3-N and between 55.2 mg/L to11.0 mg/L PO4-P in five test scenarios. All were grown under a constant photoperiod at 22±2 °C and a mixture of 4 to 10% carbon dioxide/air. Maximum yield and growth rate occurred with the highest initial nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. A statistically significant difference in biomass was found among all test levels at the end of the eight day growth period. Applying …
Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham
Extracellular Matrix Based Substrates For Propagation Of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Sheena Abraham
Theses and Dissertations
In human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research and applications, the need for a culture system devoid of non-human components is crucial. Such a system should exhibit characteristics observed in conventional culture systems that have used mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders for hPSC self renewal without the requirement of excessive supplementation with growth factors. To achieve this, we focused on the identification and characterization of extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates for hPSC propagation. ECM substrates derived from mouse and human fibroblasts were assessed for their ability to support self-renewal of hPSCs. Characterization of hPSCs on ECM-based substrates demonstrated maintenance of pluripotent characteristics based …
Computational Modeling Of Biochemical Systems Using Cellular Automata, Advait Apte
Computational Modeling Of Biochemical Systems Using Cellular Automata, Advait Apte
Theses and Dissertations
Biological systems exhibit complex behaviors through coordinated responses of individual biological components. With the advent of genome-scale techniques, one focus has been to develop methods to model interactions between components to accurately describe intact system function. Mathematical modeling techniques such as constraint-based modeling, agent-based modeling, cellular automata (CA) modeling and differential equation modeling are employed as computational tools to study biological phenomenon. We have shown that cellular automata simulations can be used as a computational tool for 12 predicting the dynamics of biological systems with stochastic behavior. The basic premise for the research was the observations made during a study …
Investigation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate By Nanoindentation Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Zouheir Drira
Investigation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate By Nanoindentation Using Atomic Force Microscopy, Zouheir Drira
Theses and Dissertations
Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel based polymers are among the most widely used synthetic materials for biomedical applications. Because of their biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication, hydrogels are highly suitable for use as constructs to engineer tissues as well as for cell transplantation. A critical parameter of importance for PEG hydrogels is their mechanical properties which are highly dependent on the environmental conditions. Properties of PEG-based hydrogels can be engineered to resemble scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix molecules, which provide structural support, adhesive sites and mechanical as well as biomechanical signals to most cells. The mechanical properties of these synthetic …