Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Fixed Bed Sorption With Recycle, John Thomas Casey

Doctoral Dissertations

"A mathematical model that describes single and multicomponent recycle-sorption systems is constructed. The model accounts for the generation of species by chemical reactions occurring in a single perfectly mixed tank, in the bulk fluid of the sorbent bed, and in the pores of the adsorbent particles.

Results are shown for single zeroth, first and second order reversible reactions as well as a network consisting of two first or second order reactions which may occur in series or parallel. For systems in which a single reaction occurs, both linear and non-linear equilibrium adsorption isotherms are considered. If multiple reactions occur, then …

Unifac Parameters For Maleic Anhydride And 2-Methyl Furan In P-Dioxane System, Kow-Jen Daumn

Masters Theses

"The purpose of this work was to develop a method for calculating equilibrium concentrations for reversible liquid phase reactions from a minimum of experimental data. The example reaction studied was the Diels Alder reaction between 2-methyl furan and maleic anhydride. Specifically, interaction parameters of the UNIFAC model for groups in the compounds 2-methyl furan, maleic anhydride and the solvent, p-dioxane, were determined. The activity coefficient of each substance was then predicted by the UNIFAC method. Equilibrium constants at 45°C for the Diels Alder reaction between 2-methyl furan and maleic anhydride were then calculated from these activity coefficients and two previously …

Energy Storage Capacity Of Reversible Liquid‐Phase Diels Alder Reaction Between Maleic Anhydride And 2‐Methyl Furan, B. G. Sparks, Bruce E. Poling

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Calorimetry was used to determine the heat of reaction and equilibrium constant at 318 K for the reaction between maleic anhydride (A) and 2‐methyl furan (B). The values were −60 kJ/gmol and 614 cm3/gmol, respectively. The motivation for this work was to find a single phase‐reacting system that could be used to store solar energy. Thus, the energy storage capacity was calculated for a mixture of A and B, both initially at 7 kmol/m3, in dioxane. The maximum apparent heat capacity of 7.37 J/cm3·K occurred at 334 K. This maximum value is 76% higher than the heat capacity of pure …

Approximate Solutions For Distillation Rating And Operating Problems Using The Smoker Equations, Raymond C. Waggoner, Terry L. Tolliver

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Algorithms for rapid solution of implicit variables in the Smoker design equations are presented. The accuracy of these solutions in the context of distillation rating and operating problems Is evaluated for distillation systems where more rigorous physical property assumptions are known to apply. Alternative methods of initially fitting the Smoker equations to rigorous tray-by-tray material and energy balance calculations as well as methods extending the procedure to handle multicomponent systems are discussed. These methods are well suited for many optimization, reliability, and control studies as well as for the fast real-time calculations such as interactive computations or on-line control. © …

Gaseous Reactions In Heteroporous Media, Elmer Anthony Klavetter

Doctoral Dissertations

"A modified dusty-gas model which accounts for the effects the pore-size and tortuosity distributions have on the mass fluxes in heteroporous media is presented. The behavior of the dusty-gas model (homoporous model) can be obtained from the modified model when the pressure is either very low or very high as well as for intermediate pressures when the characteristic parameter of the introduced tortuosity function has a very small value. When the pressure is very high or very low, all pores in the porous medium are almost in a single transport regime of either molecular or Knudsen diffusion.

Comparisons of the …

The Anodic Dissolution Of Zns Electrodes In Sulfuric Acid Solutions, Ram A. Narasagoudar, James W. Johnson, Thomas J. O'Keefe

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The anodic dissolution of reagent grade ZnS and ZnS concentrate has been studied. The majority of the research was conducted in H₂SO₄ although a limited number of tests were made in HCl and KOH. Polarization studies showed that both Zn²⁺ and S were products in the acidic solutions. ZnS passivated in KOH solutions. The electrodes were fabricated by hand pressing mixtures of ZnS + pitch (5-15%) and sintering at 800°C in a N2 atmosphere. The open circuit potentials were considered to be mixed potentials resulting from the anodic dissolution of ZnS and cathodic reduction of S …

Relative Volatilities Of The Ethane-Ethylene System From Total Pressure Measurements, David A. Barclay, Judith L. Fiebbe, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A new apparatus has been developed for making vapor pressure measurements on high-pressure systems. Using this equipment, we have made a large number of new total pressure measurements on the ethane-ethylene binary from 198.15 to 278.15 K. By Integration of the general coexistence equation, relative volatilities have been calculated for ethane-ethylene over the entire temperature range. © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Ethanol Densities Between −50 And 20 °C, Mark R. Schroeder, Bruce E. Poling, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The density of ethanol was measured between −50 and 20 °C to ±0.01%. The measurements were made by using a procedure similar to ASTM D1217-54, "Standard Method of Test of Density and Specific Gravity of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer". The results were correlated by the equation in D = −0.215231 − (1.05037 x 10−3)T − (7.837 x 10−7)T2 − (7.47 x 10−3)T3 (D in g/cm3, T in ° C). © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Sequential Probability Ratio Tests For The Shape Parameter Of A Nonhomogeneous Poisson Process, Lee J. Bain, Max Engelhardt

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Sequential probability ratio tests for the shape parameter of one or more nonhomogeneous Poisson processes, with power intensity functions, are provided. The tests can be performed when the scale parameter is an unknown nuisance parameter; the effective loss of not knowing the scale parameter is one observation per process. The resulting tests can be expressed in terms of the maximum likelihood estimators of the shape parameters for the usual fixed sample procedure. A further advantage of the present approach is that the scale parameters for different processes, in the multiple sample procedures, need not be equal. Approximations for the operating …

Geotechnical Evaluation Of The Support Of Coal Pillars In Underground Coal Mines., John D. Rockaway, Richard W. Stephenson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Study Described Was Accomplished through an Investigation of Both the Intact and Insitu Geotechnical Properties of the Sub coal Strata and through the Installation of Floor Movement Monitoring Instrumentation. the Method of Bearing Capacity Analysis Developed by A. S. Vesic Was Used to Define Pillar Stability. This Method Includes Provisions for Taking into Consideration a Two-Layer System Such as Assumed for Mine Conditions Where a Weak Underclay overlies Firmer Strata.

Vapor Pressures Of Some C4 Hydrocarbons And Their Mixtures, Judith L. Flebbe, David A. Barclay, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

New experimental vapor pressures for the six binary systems containing 1,3-butadlene, n-butane, trans -2-butene, and c/s-2-butene at temperatures from 278 to 358 K are reported. Relative volatilities were calculated by using the Isothermal general coexistence equation. © 1982, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

An Applied Approach To Automatic Pressure Transient Analysis., Jeffrey Allan Joseph

Masters Theses

"A generalized digital approach to pressure transient (well-test) analysis is developed. The model is rigorously applicable to flow tests (pressure drawdown or injectivity of Newtonian liquids), and to pressure buildup or falloff tests provided the f low time prior to shut-in is large compared to the total shut-in time. However, buildup or falloff data may s till be analyzed if the above conditions are not satisfied, using the principles of superposition/desuperposition.

When plotted on logarithmic coordinates, pressure transient data generally assume a characteristic shape, indicative of flow behavior. Accurate computer analysis of this data requires its representation in concise mathematical …

Application Of Generalized Geometric Programming In Preliminary Plant Design, Dennis R. Hoerner, Orrin K. Crosser

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study utilizes a primal based generalized geometric programming algorithm for the optimal design of a model absorber-stripper process. The GGP algorithm reduces the generalized geometric program to a convex, linear program by two sequential condensation procedures and a logarithmic transformation. Although inactive Inequality constraints and arbitrary variable bounds were easily accommodated by the algorithm, considerable effort was required to activate the inequality constraints which required an equality condition. The GGP algorithm converged to a local minimum from arbitrary starting points for approximately 60% of the trials. © 1981, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

A Determination Of The Energy Storage Capacity Of The Diels-Alder Reaction Between Methylfuran And Maleic Anhydride As Applied To Storing Solar Energy, Brent Gregory Sparks

Masters Theses

“The heat storage capacity of the Diels-Alder reaction between 2-methylfuran and maleic anhydride is calculated using reaction parameters obtained from solution calorimetry. An equilibrium constant of .614 1/mol and a heat of reaction of 14.33 Kcal/mole were obtained from experiments at 45°C. A reaction ΔC_p of -21.8 cal/mole was calculated from heat capacity information at 25°C. From these parameters, a solution initially seven molar in methylfuran and maleic anhydride was found to have a maximum apparent volumetric heat capacity of about 1.85 times that of water. This maximum occurs at about 335 K. Typical active solar energy schemes operate …

Thermodynamic Properties From A Cubic Equation Of State: Avoiding Trivial Roots And Spurious Derivatives, Bruce E. Poling, Edward A. Grens, John M. Prausnltz

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A simple method is presented to find and avoid trivial roots and spurious derivatives for a cubic equation of state. The method's utility is demonstrated with some illustrative distillation calculations. © 1981, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

The Price Of Oil, R. W. Clack

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An examination of major forces in the petroleum market with primary emphasis on the decade of the 1970s. The market force (s) responsible for the factor-of-ten increase in the price of crude oil is isolated, if not identified. The market's "message" is set forth for energy policy planners.

The Oil Industry And Antitrust Merger Policy, Pauline Weber

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper examines the trends in merger activity in the petroleum industry in light of over-all merger activity and of the Justice Department's merger guidelines. Supreme Court precedents and economic conditions within the petroleum area are discussed. Some conclusions concerning the Justice Department's merger policy are included.

Propane-Carbon Dioxide And Propylene-Carbon Dioxide Mixture Adsorption In 5a Molecular Sieves, Orrln K. Crosser, Bui V. Hong

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Measurements of the adsorption on 5A molecular sieves have established that, at 1 atm and 24.0 °C, both systems, propane-carbon dioxide and propylene-carbon dioxide, form Ideal solution adsorbed phases. Total mass adsorbed ranges from 112 to 207 mg/g of sorbent for propane-carbon dioxide and from 130 to 207 mg/g of sorbent for propylene-carbon dioxide. © 1980, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Analysis Of Batch Scraped Surface Heat Exchange, Orrin K. Crosser, K. Y. Park

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

7th Annual Umr-Dnr Conference On Energy -- Entire Proceedings, University Of Missouri--Rolla

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

A Development Of Regression Models For Predicting Two-Phase Relative Permeability In Consolidated Rock, Mehdi Honarpour

Doctoral Dissertations

"The primary objective of this study was the development of prediction equations for the water-oil imbibition relative permeability and gas-oil drainage relative permeability from experimental data.

Laboratory relative permeability data along with the corresponding rock and fluid properties were collected, and stepwise linear regression analysis was applied. Relative permeability models were developed in terms of rock and fluid properties.

The prediction models were tested against laboratory values and previously published correlations. It was found that the models developed in this study yield results that are generally in better agreement with experimental values than the previously published correlations"--Abstract p. ii

Introduction, J. M. Marchello

UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

Economics Of Ethanol Production From Agricultural Residues, Oliver C. Sitton, G. L. Foutch, Neil L. Book, J. L. Gaddy

UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

No abstract provided.

Ethylene Process Optimization. Constraint Relaxation And Bounds Adjustment, Kenneth R. Jinkerson, James L. Gaddy

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Heavily constrained, mixed integer optimization problems present a difficult test for optimization algorithms. This paper examines optimization of the ethylene process (from ethane) using a flowsheet simulation model and the adaptive random search. Optimization resulted in an improvement in annual earnings of $1.15 MM over the usual ethylene process design. This process has both continuous and discrete variables and has sensitive implicit constraints in the pyrolysis furnace. The search efficiency was found to be improved by relaxing these constraints early in the search and then restoring the constraints as the optimum is approached. The search efficiency was also improved by …

Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. Iii. Capacitive Audio Frequency (10 Khz) And Ac Discharge, N. (Nicholas) C. Morosoff, H. Yasuda, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is studied in a capacitively coupled system with internal electrodes using a 10 kHz (af) and a 60 Hz (ac) source. The emphasis is on identifying conditions that are compatible with continuous coating of plasma polymer on a substrate moving through the center of the interelectrode gap. Operation at a pressure below 100 mTorr is most favorable for deposition of a substantial portion of the plasma polymer on this substrate. Plasma polymer deposited in this way is characterized by ESCA and by deposition rate data and compared to that deposited using rf power in …

Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. Ii. Capacitive Radio Frequency Discharge, N. (Nicholas) C. Morosoff, H. Yasuda, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is studied in a capacitively coupled system with internal electrodes using radio frequency (13.56 MHz) power. The emphasis is on identifying conditions that are compatible with continuous coating of plasma polymer on a substrate moving through the center of the interelectrode gap. At high pressure (500 mTorr), deposition of plasma polymer is primarily on the electrodes rather than on a substrate placed midway between electrodes. Glow is observed in only part of the interelectrode gap at low powers and fills the gap only at high power levels. The use of a magnetic field effects …

Transport Of Oils As Oil-In-Water Emulsions, J. L. Zakin, R. Pinaire, M. E. Borgmeyer

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Turbulent flow pressure drop measurements were made for various concentrated oil-in-water emulsions which exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. The effects of oil viscosity, temperature and oil concentration on specific energy loss were evaluated. Measured turbulent friction factors consistently fell below those predicted by the Dodge and Metzner friction factor correlation, probably due to viscoelastic effects of the emulsion. Several polymer and surfactant drag reducers were tested in these emulsions, and high molecular weight polyacrylamides were found to be the most effective in further reducing pumping energy losses. The effectiveness of the polymer additives decreased with time during pump circulation. © 1979 by …

Mechanical Degradation Of High Molecular Weight Polymers In Dilute Solution, J. F.S. Yu, J. L. Zakin, Gary Kent Patterson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The mechanical shear degradation of polydisperse Poly isobutene and monodisperse polystyrene in oils of different viscosities in the concentration range of 0.1% to 1% was studied using a high‐shear concentric cylinder viscometer under laminar and uniform well‐defined shear field conditions. Molecular weight distributions (MWDs) were measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Degradation of polydisperse Poly isobutene solutions narrows the distributions principally through the breaking down of large molecules. Degradation of monodisperse polystyrene broadens the distributions at lower shear stress. At higher shear stresses, the distributions do not broaden as much but are still broader than those of the original polymer. …

Film Boiling Of Freon 113, Normal Pentane, Cyclopentane And Benzene From Cylindrical Surfaces At Moderate Pressures, G. J. Capone, Efton Park

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An investigation of film boiling heat transfer in saturated pools of liquid Freon 113, normal pentane, cyclopentane and benzene was conducted. The fluids were boiled from copper, cylindrical heat transfer surfaces 0.0762m (3 in) long, and 0.01397,0.01905 and 0.0254m (0.55,0.75 and 1.0 in) in diameter. The data covers a moderate range of pressures up to 1.67 (10)6 N/m2 (242.5 psia). The experimental data are compared with existing film boiling correlations. The existing film boiling correlations were found to be inadequate in predicting heat-transfer coefficients for the conditions of this investigation. © 1979.

Plasma Polymerization Of Tetrafluoroethylene. I. Inductive Radio Frequency Discharge, H. Yasuda, N. Morosoff, E. S. Brandt, C. N. Reilley

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in an inductively coupled radio frequency glow discharge, using a flow system, was studied. A simple long tube reactor, with the coupling coil placed at the middle of the tube and gas entrance and exit at the respective ends, was used. Deposition rates and the chemical nature of the polymer (as revealed by ESCA spectra and surface energy studies) are obtained as a function of location in the reactor tube with respect to the coupling coil and of applied energy per unit mass of tetrafluoroethylene (W/FM). It was found that a fluorine poor polymer, containing …