Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Tracking Thermal Saturation Fronts By A High Level Pc Programming Language, A. Erkal, Daopu Thompson Numbere

Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a PC based alternative procedure for determining the water saturations within the hot water zone of a thermal project for use in analytical oil recovery calculations. Conventional analytical calculation of oil recovery under steam and hot water injection requires the tracking of the movements of the saturations advancing within the variable-temperature hot-water zone. This involves an adaptation of the Buckley-Leverett theory to this variable temperature zone after dividing it into a number of constant temperature or isothermal zones. If the number exceeds two, the calculation can become very tedious unless done with a computer program. FORTRAN programs …

Unsteady Conjugate Mass Transfer Between A Single Droplet And An Ambient Flow With External Chemical Reaction, Leonid S. Kleinman, X. B. Reed

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Unsteady conjugate mass transfer between a spherical bubble, droplet, or particle and a surrounding fluid flow with chemical reaction in the continuous phase has been analyzed. An algorithm based on spectral methods has been developed and implemented for the simulation of the interphase mass transfer. The influence of Pe (convection) and Da (rate of external reaction), but in particular of D (diffusivity ratio) and H (distribution coefficient), which characterize the coupling features of the conjugate mass transfer, is studied in a wider range of parameters than earlier investigations. The asymptotic regime of mass transfer is investigated for long times, and …

Catalyst Bed Dilution For Improving Catalyst Wetting In Laboratory Trickle-Bed Reactors, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Duduković

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Catalyst Bed Dilution Technique Has Found Rather Widespread Applications as a Means of Producing Reliable and Reproducible Results for Successful Scale-Up and Scale-Down When Testing Commercially Used Catalyst Particle Sizes and Alternative Feedstocks in Small-Scale Laboratory Trickle-Bed Reactors. in Such Small-Diameter Laboratory Units When the Catalyst Used in Commercial Units is Employed as the Only Packing, Low Liquid Velocities Lead to Incomplete Catalyst Utilization Due to Incomplete External Catalyst Wetting, Liquid Maldistribution, and Wall Effects. Diluting the Bed with Fines is Recommended to Remedy These Shortcomings. the Effect of the Bed Dilution with Fines on Catalyst Wetting Efficiency, Pressure …

Evaluation Of Trickle Bed Reactor Models For A Liquid Limited Reaction, Yuanxin Wu, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Mohan R. Khadilkar, Milorad P. Dudukovic

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Isothermal Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide on a CuCr Catalyst in a Laboratory Scale Trickle Bed Reactor Was Used to Test Model Predictions of the Dependence of Liquid Reactant Conversion on Space Time for Different Operating Conditions. It is Assured that the Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide is a First Order Liquid-Limited Reaction. Comparison of Model Predictions and Experimental Data Indicates that Both External Mass Transfer Effects and Incomplete External Catalyst Wetting Need to Be Accounted For. Dudukovic's (1977) Approximate Model for the Catalyst Effectiveness Factor Adequately Simulates Both Effects.

Comparison Of Trickle-Bed And Upflow Reactor Performance At High Pressure: Model Predictions And Experimental Observations, M. R. Khadilkar, Y. X. Wu, M. (Muthanna) H. Al-Dahhan, M. P. Dudukovic, M. Colakyan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Comparison of Laboratory Trickle-Bed and Up-Flow Reactors over a Range of Operating Conditions, Which Cover Both Gas and Liquid Reactant Limitations, Has Been Investigated using Hydrogenation of Alpha-Methylstyrene to Cumene in a Hexane Solvent over 2.5% Pd on Alumina Extrudate Catalyst as a Test Reaction. the Results Show that When the Reaction is Gas Limited at Low Pressure and High Liquid Feed Concentration, Trickle Bed Reactor Outperforms the Upflow Reactor. at High Pressure and Low Liquid Feed Concentration, the Reaction Becomes Liquid Limited and Upflow Reactor Performs Better. It is Concluded that the Advantage of Upflow or Downflow Depends on …

Comparison Of Upflow And Downflow Two-Phase Flow Packed-Bed Reactors With And Without Fines: Experimental Observations, Yuanxin Wu, Mohan R. Khadilkar, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Duduković

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Compares the Performance of Laboratory Trickle-Bed and Upflow Reactors over a Range of Operating Conditions, using the Hydrogenation of Α-Methylstyrene to Cumene in Hexane Solvent over 2.5% Pd on Alumina Extrudate Catalyst as a Test Reaction. It is Shown that the Trickle Bed Performs Better Than the Upflow Reactor at Low Pressures When the Reaction is Gas Limited, Due to Ready Access of the Gas to the Incompletely Externally Wetted Catalyst, While the Upflow Reactor Performs Better at High Pressures When the Liquid Reactant Limitation Controls the Rate, Due to the Completely Wetted Catalyst. Comparison of the Two …

Influence Of Formation Processes On Oblique Detonation Wave Stabilization, K. Ghorbanian, J. D. Sterling

Business and Information Technology Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this article we report steady, two-dimensional, inviscid solutions for the near field and far field of a supersonic reactive flow over a variable-double-ramp geometry. The incident shock wave compresses and heats the reactants that will combust after flowing some induction length. Upon reaction, a detonation wave forms and intersects the leading wave at some distance from the ramp surface. In this article, reaction-polar diagrams are developed, and the detonation branch solutions are used to investigate the wave interaction processes that may lead to a steady three-wave structure. By considering this formation process new oblique detonation wave stabilization criteria based …

Size-Dependent Adsorption Models In Microporous Materials. 2. Comparison With Experimental Data, Manuela Giustiniani, Massimiliano Giona, Douglas K. Ludlow

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

In This Article, We Complete the Study of Size-Scaling Effects and of the Keller Model, presenting a Detailed Analysis of the Application of This Model to a Broad Range of Experimental Data on Microporous Materials (In Particular, Activated Carbon and Zeolites). Particular Attention is Focused on the Temperature Dependence of the Freundlich Exponents Αi, on the Functional Form of the Adsorption Energies, and on the Application of Keller Adsorption Isotherms in a Predictive Way to Generic Multicomponent Mixtures. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All Rights Reserved.

Diffusion In Inhomogeneous Polymer Membranes, Sameer Suresh Kasargod, Farhad Adib, Partho Neogi

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The dual mode sorption solubility isotherms assume, and in instances Zimm-Lundberg analysis of the solubilities show, that glassy polymers are heterogeneous and that the distribution of the solute in the polymer is also inhomogeneous. under some conditions, the heterogeneities cannot be represented as holes. a mathematical model describing diffusion in inhomogeneous polymer membranes is presented using Cahn and Hilliard's gradient theory. the fractional mass uptake is found to be proportional to the fourth root of time rather than the square root, predicted by Fickian diffusion. This type of diffusion is classified as pseudo-Fickian. the model is compared with one experimental …

Interphase Mass Transfer From Bubbles, Drops, And Solid Spheres: Diffusional Transport Enhanced By External Chemical Reaction, Leonid S. Kleinman, X. B. Reed

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Interphase mass transfer has been analyzed for a reactant being transferred from a sphere into a quiescent, infinite continuous phase where it undergoes a chemical reaction. Ranges of the diffusivity ratio D, the distribution coefficient H, and the Damköhler number Da have been delineated, within which the overall resistance to mass transfer may be reasonably ascribed to the sum of the individual resistances in each of the two phases. Outside these parameter ranges, the resistances for two decoupled mass transfer problems may not be added to give the overall resistance to the coupled mass transfer problem. An alternative procedure for …

Perfusion Chromatography: Performance Of Periodic Countercurrent Column Operation And Its Comparison With Fixed-Bed Operation, G. A. Heeter, Athanasios I. Liapis

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Simulation studies using mathematical models that describe the single-component adsorption of bovine serum albumin into spherical bidisperse perfusive and spherical bidisperse purely diffusive anion-exchange porous adsorbent particles in a single-column fixed-bed system and in a two-column periodic countercurrent system in which the adsorbent is equally distributed over two beds are presented. The total length of the two-column periodic countercurrent system is equal to the length of the single-column fixed-bed system, and studies are performed for different values of the intraparticle Peclet number, Peintra, and of the microsphere diameter, dm. In the single-column fixed-bed system, the percentage utilization of the adsorptive …

Precision Total Pressure Measurements Of Propyne With Propane, Propene, And Propadiene, Edward A. Kyser, David B. Manley

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Experimental total pressure measurements of propyne mixed with propane, propene, and propadiene are presented for five isotherms from 253 to 353 K. Thermodynamically consistent vapor compositions and saturated phase densities are calculated using a cubic equation of state with three isothermal pure component parameters and two binary mixture parameters. The precision vapor—liquid equilibrium cell and experimental procedure which are particularly useful for measurements involving close boiling light hydrocarbons are described, and the experimental and modeled results are presented. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Reproducible Technique For Packing Laboratory-Scale Trickle-Bed Reactors With A Mixture Of Catalyst And Fines, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Yuanxin Wu, Milorad P. Duduković

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Reproducible Procedure for Packing Small-Diameter Packed Beds with a Mixture of Fines and Catalyst is Reported. Such Beds Are Essential for Process Catalyst Testing in Trickle-Flow Reactors. Packing Uniformity Along the Bed, Reproducibility of Single-Phase Pressure Drop and Reproducibility of Liquid Holdup and Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop in Repacked Beds Has Been Demonstrated. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All Rights Reserved.

Catalyst Wetting Efficiency In Trickle-Bed Reactors At High Pressure, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Duduković

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Trickle-Bed Reactors Are Widely Used in Industrial High Pressure Operations (Up to 30 MPa). the Knowledge of Catalyst Wetting Efficiency as a Function of Operating Conditions is Needed for Relating Laboratory and Pilot Scale Reactor Data to Large Scale Reactor Operation. the Available Predictions of the Wetting Efficiency Rest on Data Collected at Atmospheric Pressure. in This Study a Phenomenological Analysis Has Been Developed to Relate the Wetting Efficiency with Operating Conditions Such as Reactor Pressure, Gas and Liquid Flow Rate. Experimental Data for the Wetting Efficiency at High Pressure Have Been Obtained Via a Tracer Technique. the Data Support …

An Efficient Multicomputer Algorithm For The Solution Of Chemical Process Flowsheeting Equations, Fikret Ercal, Neil L. Book, S. Pait, J. J. Fielding

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper presents a parallel solution method of large sparse systems of linear equations arising in the context of a chemical process flowsheeting application on a message passing multicomputer. To maximize the performance, the algorithm uses a novel matrix decomposition and solution method, called parallel two-phased LU decomposition, which schedules the concurrent tasks in a maximally overlapping manner, and at the same time, tries to minimize the interprocessor data dependencies and obtain optimal load balancing. The forward elimination step is performed concurrently with the parallel two-phased LU decomposition step and backward substitution is parallelized in a piecewise manner. Implementation results …

Teaching Statistical Experimental Design Using A Laboratory Experiment, Douglas K. Ludlow, Kirk H. Schulz, John Erjavec

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An Experimental Project Introduces the Concepts of Statistical Experimental Design to Undergraduates in a Laboratory Setting. a Safe, Inexpensive and Easily Operable Experiment Uses a Gas Chromatograph to Give Quantitative Results and to Allow Students to Concentrate on Applying Statistical Skills Without Being Impeded by Complex Equipment or Experimental Methods. One of the Unique Aspects of the Experiment is a Trade‐off between the Two Most Significant Variables, Forcing Students to Compromise in the Selection of Optimum Conditions. Such Compromises Are Typical in Many Real‐world Industrial Situations. the Experiment Has Been Used for Several Years in the Undergraduate Chemical Engineering Laboratories …

Orientation Induced Scattering Asymmetry, Jee-Ching Wang, Ronald E. Olson

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Projectile angular scattering is investigated following electron capture by protons from circular Rydberg atoms oriented along a quantization axis perpendicular to the incident projectile direction. We find strong left-right scattering asymmetry as a function of the orientation angle at collision speeds comparable to the electron orbital speed. The capture cross section is dramatically enhanced due to velocity matching when the angular momenta of the proton and the electron are aligned. The scattering asymmetry exhibits characteristic impact parameter dependencies suitable for studying three-body dynamics influenced by both long and short range forces of comparable strength. © 1994 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Fixed Site Facilitated Transport Of Oxygen And Nitrogen Through Plasma Polymer Films, Chad Dunnegan

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

A method of preparing plasma polymer films, in which metal chelate molecules are incorporated, is briefly outlined. The chemical reactivity of metal chelate molecules is preserved so that they may ”facilitate” the transport of oxygen molecules through the membrane. The method for testing permeability of the films is presented and results are analyzed with respect to the dual mode sorption model, applied to fixed site facilitated transport.

Skin Effects Due To Perforations -- A Study Of Analysis Techniques, Jon Michael Gibbs

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Until 1991, two methods could be used to evaluate the skin effect due to perforations, the Brons and Marting Method and the Harris Method. Due to the simplicity of the technique, the Brons and Marting Method has been the preferred method of use in the petroleum industry. However, with the recent development of a third technique to evaluate the skin effect due to perforations, the need has arisen to evaluate each of these techniques to determine which method is the most accurate under given conditions. This paper reviews and compares each of the three methods for evaluating the perforations skin. …

The Development Of Equipment Specification Form From The Pdxi Data Models, Justin M. Juengel

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The project has culminated in the development of a simplistic working model, based upon the existing data model created by the Process Data Exchange Institute (PDXI). This data model is depicted in Volume 1 of the deliverables for the PDXI Data File Interchange Format Project. The working model, based in part on the Planning Level Model and the Heat Transfer Model [1] of the overall data model, was then used to create an equipment specification form (Fig 1) for a heat exchanger, partially utilizing the standards set forth by the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA).

Solvent Recovery For An Extraction Process, Denise C. Ratcliff

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The solvent recovery project involves the recovery of a valuable solute, acetic acid, from a spend solvent stream generated in a laboratory extraction experiment. The majority of this project’s efforts center on the simulation of a ten-stage distillation column that will recover the acid. These simulation results will then be used to specify the ancillary process equipment needed for this distillation process.

Automation Of Process Data Management, Stephen C. Chadwick

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The project goal is to create an automated system for managing data that describes a chemical process. The data is both graphical, such as piping and instrumentation diagrams, and numerical, such as pipe schedule and diameter. AutoLisp and C++ programs were developed and tested to simplify the creation of the automated system.

The Affects Of Butyl Acetate And Acetone On Plexiglass, Tracy E. Downs

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The actions that solvents take on polymers was the focus of the summer 1993 research. There were two goals: one was to measure the distances between the cracks that formed in the plexiglass and two was to determine the time of arrival of the cracks. Two solvents, butyl acetate and acetone were used to generate data on polymethyl methacrylate (PMNA/Plexiglass).

The measurement of the time of arrival of a crack was another goal. This quantity is related to the growth of the fractures. This was difficult since only a localized portion of the plexiglass sample could be viewed.

An Extension Of Pdxi Data Models To Include Process Control Data, Joseph D. Graber

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The results described herein have culminated into the creation of an object model which extends an existing engineering data model to include process control data. The existing data model is described in Volume I of the deliverables for the Process Data Exchange Institute (PDXI) Data File Interchange Format Project. This object model was created using the OMTooP software package on Sun Stations in the Intelligent Systems Center(ISC) of the University of Missouri--Rolla (UMR). It expands on the classes of signal port, control element, and control system.

Forced Convective Diffusion And Interphase Heat And Mass Transfer: Computations Of Radial Functions, Temperature And Concentration Fields, And Presentation Of Local And Average Nusselt And Sherwood Numbers, Stephen Myers, X B. Reed Jr., N. Y. Shah, A. E. Penn

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Theoretical calculations have been carried out for forced convective transport for uniform streaming and uniaxial and biaxial extensional axisymmetric flows past single spheres. Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions, both of first and of second order have also been or are presently being treated. Orthogonality and other properties of Legendre functions have been used, together with introduction of an eigenfunction expansion, to reduce the mathematical description from a partial differential equation with variable coefficients, which is nonlinear for homogeneous second order chemical reactions, to a system of coupled ordinary differential equations for the radial modes. The numerical solutions of the latter …

High-Pressure Wateijet Technology: A Review And Design Of High-Pressure Hybrid Drillbits, Azmi Zainal Adnan

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The petroleum industry has seen many technological advances since oil was first discovered in the 19th century. Some of the current technological advances in the industry include cuttings transport, drillbit design, logging, and horizontal and directional drilling. Currently, research projects are being done at UMR to find ways to further reduce drilling costs and develop new technology that could improve the drilling effectiveness. One such project is the development of high- pressure waterjet / hybrid bits to replace the conventional mechanical drillbits. In this design, the advantages of waterjet penetration are combined with those of mechanical teeth cutting action..

At …

Sporomorphs And Palynological Interpretations Of Lower Oligocene Strata From The Eastern Gulf Coast, U.S.A., Lisa M. Reeves

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The Vicksburg Group in the eastern Gulf Coast of the United States belongs to one of the most complete and continuous Paleogene strata in the world. Previous studies in this region have neglected the rich palynomorph assemblages of the Lower Oligocene units of the Vicksburg Group. Four samples from Wayne County Mississippi were analyzed for palynological information on the Vicksburg Group. The initial objective of the study was to understand the principles of palynology and the basis for sporomorph identification. A minimum of 300 specimens were counted per slide to determine the distribution of sporomorphs in the sediments. Two hundred …

Interactive Multimedia Applications For The Correlations Of Petroleum Fluids Properties, Herman Smith Iii

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

Interactive Multimedia Applications for the Correlations of Petroleum Fluids Properties is a truly interactive and multimedia computer application designed to better help students taking the class "The Properties of Petroleum Fluids", Petroleum Engineering 141. This computer program incorporates error and information voice messages, control over three different computer applications (HyperCard 2.2, Mathcad V3.1, and DeskPaint™ V3.2), three-dimensional multi-coloration, pop-up graphics, directional buttons, object/label-oriented programming, and floating palettes. This creates one computer application to calculate petroleum properties versus the use of multiple, often crowded graphs.

Development Of A Bill Of Materials From The Pdxi Data Models, Bryan A. Stanford

Opportunities for Undergraduate Research Experience Program (OURE)

The research on the development of a bill of materials has resulted in the construction of a portion of the working data model, as designed in theory by the Process Data Exchange Institute (PDXI). The theoretical object model can be found in The PDXI Data Models [1]. It was necessary to develop this working data model in order to be able to produce the bill of materials. The bill of materials was created with the help of the software package Paradox for Windows (version 4.0).

Formation Of Plasma Polymer Thin Films Containing Reactive Metal Chelate Sites, J. M. Skelly, Nicholas C. Morosoff, V. T. Stannett, A. L. Crumbliss

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We report here the successful incorporation of chemically active Co2+ and Ni2+ centers into plasma polymer thin films. Metal center incorporation was accomplished by simultaneous plasma polymerization of sublimed Co2+ or Ni2+ complexes with gaseous "comonomers" or Ar. The metal complexes include N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediaminecobalt(II) (CoSalophen), N,N′-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediaminecobalt(II) (CoSalen), N,N′-bis(3-fluorosalicylidene)ethylenediaminecobalt(II) (CoFluomine), meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatocobalt(II) (CoTPP), meso-tetraphenylporphine (TPP), and meso-tetraphenylporphyrinatonickel(II) (NiTPP). Modification to the metal complex structure was observed by IR and UV-vis spectroscopies. IR spectra of plasma polymer films containing the Schiff's base complexes, prepared using Ar as a carrier gas, contained a band at 2190 cm−1, which can be attributed to nitrile group formation, …