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Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering

Economic Evaluation Of Ethyl Lactate Production Via Reactive Distillation At Different Concentrations Of Lactic Acid, Nattapat Klin-U-Bol Jan 2022

Economic Evaluation Of Ethyl Lactate Production Via Reactive Distillation At Different Concentrations Of Lactic Acid, Nattapat Klin-U-Bol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Ethyl lactate is a green solvent made from agricultural crops, making it more environmentally friendly than petrochemical solvents. The product is obtained via esterification of lactic acid with ethanol over Amberlyst-15 acid catalyst in a reactive distillation column. In commercial-scale production of ethyl lactate, this work designs production processes at two concentrations of lactic acid (50 and 85 wt.%) and two ethanol feed temperatures (25 and 85 °C). Highly concentrated lactic acid can result in adverse effects, such as increased oligomers and reduced desired products, making a comprehensive simulation of the production process necessary to evaluate energy consumption, economics, and …


Simultaneous Reaction And Separation Technologies For Biodiesel Production Derived From Alternative Feedstocks, Nattawat Petchsoongsakul Jan 2022

Simultaneous Reaction And Separation Technologies For Biodiesel Production Derived From Alternative Feedstocks, Nattawat Petchsoongsakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research focused on the production of biodiesel using hybridized reactive distillation (hybridized RD) and centrifugal contractor reactor (CCR) from waste cooking oil (WCO) to reduce the operating cost. However, WCO contains some water which can cause saponification. The study showed that using two heat exchangers with hybridized RD is a simple method for water removal but it required the highest energy and cost (1.63 $/kg biodiesel). The extended spacing stage for water removal required a new hybridized RD construction with additional spacing stages. This method can handle and require less energy, resulting in lower cost (1.07 $/kg biodiesel). The …


Sulfur-Tolerant Cobalt-Doped La0.3sr0.7tio3-D-Perovskite Cathode For Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Natthamon Nuengjumnong Jan 2022

Sulfur-Tolerant Cobalt-Doped La0.3sr0.7tio3-D-Perovskite Cathode For Intermediate-Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Natthamon Nuengjumnong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Lanthanum doped strontium titanate (LST) is a perovskite cathode in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) which shows great performance in syngas production from CO2 and steam feed. However, the LST type cathode suffers from structural stability. Sulfur containing in industrial exhaust gas can affect its durability which inhibit the technology in real application. Therefore, to improve sulfur tolerance, La0.3Sr0.7Ti1-yCoyO3-δ (LSTC) by adding Co2+ metal ion at B-site when y is 0 to 20%mol was synthesized. Citrate acid-nitrate combustion method was used and the synthesized powder. LST and La0.3Sr0.7Ti0.9Co0.10O3-δ (LSTC0.10) exhibited single phase perovskite while La2O3 and La(OH)3 were observed in …


Ethylene Polymerization With Zirconocene Catalyston Zeolite A Support Derived From Fly Ash, Natthapat Warintha Jan 2022

Ethylene Polymerization With Zirconocene Catalyston Zeolite A Support Derived From Fly Ash, Natthapat Warintha

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Zeolite A (LTA) synthesis from fly ash has many applications, in which metallocene catalytic support is uncommon. This research study has three parts. Firstly, investigation of the effects of immobilized MAO cocatalyst and zirconocene catalyst techniques on silica support. Immobilized MAO, followed by metallocene catalyst method had the highest catalytic activity, which was used in the next parts. The second part examined the optimal temperature and [Al]MAO/[Zr]cat ratio with ethylene polymerization in a semi-batch autoclave reactor utilizing LTA-supported metallocene catalysts. The optimal conditions were found at 80°C and [Al]MAO/[Zr]cat ratios equal to 2000 that were used in the next section. …


Comparison Of Techno-Economic Analysis Of 1,3-Propanediol Production From Crude Glycerol Via Chemical And Biological Methods, Sivatchaya Boriboon Jan 2022

Comparison Of Techno-Economic Analysis Of 1,3-Propanediol Production From Crude Glycerol Via Chemical And Biological Methods, Sivatchaya Boriboon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

At present, the biodiesel industry is expanding rapidly which could lead to an oversupply of the by-product, crude glycerol. To manage this, crude glycerol should be converted into value-added chemicals such as 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO). In this study, the production of 1,3-PDO via catalytic reaction is simulated using a process simulator to evaluate its techno-economic performance as well as its environmental impact. The obtained results will be compared with the conventional production of 1,3-PDO to point out the advantages that the catalytic reaction can offer in terms of economic, energy utilization, raw material utilization, and environmental impacts.


Scale Up Of Benzoxazinone Derivative Synthesis In Batch Reactor, Sumate Boonkird Jan 2022

Scale Up Of Benzoxazinone Derivative Synthesis In Batch Reactor, Sumate Boonkird

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Benzoxazinone derivative is one of starting materials in the synthesis of Deferasirox (a Chelating iron for thalassemia patient). The parameters of Benzoxazinone derivative synthesis were investigated from the condensation of salicylic acid, salicylamide, cyanuric chloride, and triethylamine using toluene as solvent. The mole equivalent ratio of salicylic acid: salicylamide:cyanuric chloride:triethylamine at 1:1:0.67:1 provided the 46.77% yield of Benzoxazinone derivative in laboratory scale. Surprisingly, 4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-benzo[e][1,3]oxazine-4-ol was observed in the synthesis of Benzoxazinone derivative. In addition, the reaction scheme of Benzoxazinone derivative synthesis was proposed as a model for the study of the chemical kinetic constant. Furthermore, the scale up of Benzoxaxinone …


Effects Of Zinc Oxide On Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological, And Gas Barrier Properties Of Polybutylene Succinate/ Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) Films, Sunisa Suwatthi Jan 2022

Effects Of Zinc Oxide On Thermal, Mechanical, Morphological, And Gas Barrier Properties Of Polybutylene Succinate/ Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) Films, Sunisa Suwatthi

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Currently, conventional polymers from petrochemical processes have low biodegradability and remain in the environment for several hundred years. This has negative effects on the environment. This research aims to improve the properties of biopolymers such as poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB). P3HB4HB was selected to blend with PBS in with weight ratios of PBS:P3HB4HB was 90/10 and ZnO nanoparticles (0.5, 1 and 2%) was selected as a nucleating agent. The melt blending process using an internal mixer and molded into a film using a compression molding process. The chemical structures, morphological properties, thermal properties, dynamic mechanical properties, mechanical properties …


Control Of A Polybutylene Succinate (Pbs) Polymerization In A Semi-Batch Reactor By Neural Network Model Based Predictive Controller, Takorn Plengsangsri Jan 2022

Control Of A Polybutylene Succinate (Pbs) Polymerization In A Semi-Batch Reactor By Neural Network Model Based Predictive Controller, Takorn Plengsangsri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Polybutylene succinate (PBS) is a biodegradable plastic known for its strength and versatility in various applications. This research presents a data-driven approach to simulate temperature control in a semi-batch reactor during polymerization, the performance of the proposed approaches was compared against conventional controllers, including PID control and first-principles model MPC control. The study developed neural network model-based predictive control (NNMPC) and multiple neural network model-based predictive control (Multi-NNMPC), using Python and Tensorflow. Neural network models were trained by using a wide range of dynamic data with varying numbers of neurons in hidden layers to investigate the process dynamics under different …


The Study Of Weave-Pattern Effect On Filtration Performance Of Woven Filter Cloths By Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling, Wisit Bandasak Jan 2022

The Study Of Weave-Pattern Effect On Filtration Performance Of Woven Filter Cloths By Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling, Wisit Bandasak

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

An important global problem that has an impact on both human health and the environment is air pollution. Exercise and outdoor activities are essential for human well-being, but they can also have a detrimental effect on health and the environment. For example, PM2.5 and PM10 particles can enter the lungs and cause respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, masks must be worn in order to stop the COVID-19 epidemic from spreading. Nevertheless, not all masks are effective in preventing viruses and air pollution. Consequently, selecting the proper mask is essential for avoiding health risks. Using the use of computational fluid dynamics, …


Optimization Of Blast Design For Better Fragmentation & Reduction Of Ground Vibration At Khao Mai Nuan Pyrophyllite Mine, Saraburi Province, Thailand, Arif Khan Jan 2022

Optimization Of Blast Design For Better Fragmentation & Reduction Of Ground Vibration At Khao Mai Nuan Pyrophyllite Mine, Saraburi Province, Thailand, Arif Khan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Control blasting with better fragmentation is very important to decrease the environmental impacts of blasting and the cost of downstream mining operations such as loading, transportation, crushing, and milling. Proper blasting designs with optimized parameters such as burden, spacing, stemming, sub-drilling, and amount of explosive ensure the required fragmentation with ground vibration within the standards set by different monitoring agencies. This study dealt with the blasting design parameters, fragmentation, and ground vibration at the Khao Mai Nuan Pyrophyllite quarry Saraburi province, Thailand. First, grab samples were collected from the quarry's active benches and tested in a lab for strength, compositions …


Effect Of Salinity Contrast Between Formation Water And Injected Low Salinity Water On Low Salinty Water Flooding In Dolostone Formation, Nuttapol Junput Jan 2022

Effect Of Salinity Contrast Between Formation Water And Injected Low Salinity Water On Low Salinty Water Flooding In Dolostone Formation, Nuttapol Junput

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSWF) has gained substantial prominence in current scientific method for oil recovery improvement, owing to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technique. Various studies have highlighted the crucial role of injected brine salinity and the concentration of Potential Determining Ions (PDI) in stimulate oil recovery mechanisms. However, the majority of these studies have predominantly concentrated on sandstone reservoirs. In light of the fact that over 50% of hydrocarbon reserves are situated in carbonate reservoirs, this research focuses specifically on dolomite reservoirs to examine the applicability and feasibility of implementing LSWF in …


Physical Property Measurement Of Surfactant Coupled With Nanoparticles For Enhanced Oil Recovery, Phoo Pwint Nandar Jan 2022

Physical Property Measurement Of Surfactant Coupled With Nanoparticles For Enhanced Oil Recovery, Phoo Pwint Nandar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The residual oil remained in the reservoir after the primary recovery and water flooding can either be produced by increasing the mobility of the oil or by altering the reservoir rock wetting behavior and diminishing the oil water interfacial tension. The surfactant flooding is one of the chemical enhanced oil recovery methods. At the optimal concentration, the surfactant flooding can provide the low interfacial tension favoring to the enhanced oil recovery. In contrast, the loss of the surfactant at the solid-liquid interface due to an adsorption lessens the amount of the surfactant required for oil displacement during the flooding. Therefore, …


The Study Of Oxygenated Compounds For Oil Fingerprinting Application, Khairunisa Betariani Jan 2022

The Study Of Oxygenated Compounds For Oil Fingerprinting Application, Khairunisa Betariani

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Oil spills have a large impact on the marine and coastal environments. The characterization of petroleum or its products spilled in the environment to its source rocks is an important tool to assist in the resolution of issues of environmental impact and legal responsibility. The composition and physical properties of spilled oils have changed during the weathering process. Petroleum biomarkers is a tool for defining the origin of each oil, which is unique for each type of oil. In general, petroleum biomarkers (i.e., hopane group) are widely used for oil fingerprinting by following the NORDTEST methodology. Besides the hopane group, …


Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Of Nitrobenzene On High Entropy Materials (Hems), Victor Manuel Marquez Espinoza Jan 2022

Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Of Nitrobenzene On High Entropy Materials (Hems), Victor Manuel Marquez Espinoza

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Global warming and environmental pollution are two of the major challenges currently in the spotlight of the research community. Nitrobenzene electrocatalytic hydrogenation could simultaneously tackle two problems. In the first place, as an option to replace the resource-inefficient and non-environmentally friendly processes for aniline production used nowadays. Also, as a viable and applicable process to enhance the degradation efficiency for wastewater treatment rising technologies, using nitrobenzene as a model pollutant. Herein, We present a comprehensive study of the nitrobenzene catalytic hydrogenation using high entropy materials (HEMs) as electrode materials. Different synthesis methods were used to produce high entropy alloys (HEAs) …


Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production By Transesterification Of Refined Palm Oil With Methanol Catalysed By Anion-Exchange Resin With Tetrahydrofuran As A Co-Solvent, Zargul Ammara Jan 2022

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Production By Transesterification Of Refined Palm Oil With Methanol Catalysed By Anion-Exchange Resin With Tetrahydrofuran As A Co-Solvent, Zargul Ammara

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Alkaline anion exchange resins, specifically dense AmberLiteTM IRA402 and porous AmberLystTM A26, are used to study the transesterification of palm oil and methanol. A common industrial process for creating biodiesel or green solvents is transesterification. While homogeneous catalysts like sodium methoxide and sodium hydroxide are used in most transesterification facilities, heterogeneous catalysts have the benefit of being simpler to separate from the finished product. The goal of this study was to better understand how palm oil and methanol combine to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), a prevalent kind of biodiesel. Previous studies mainly investigated the production of fatty acid …


Performance Study Of K2co3/Al2o3 Prepared Using Different Alkali Solution In Carbon Dioxide Capture And Adsorbent Regeneration, Tanawat Kitpattanasin Jan 2022

Performance Study Of K2co3/Al2o3 Prepared Using Different Alkali Solution In Carbon Dioxide Capture And Adsorbent Regeneration, Tanawat Kitpattanasin

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this study, potassium carbonate supported on gamma alumina (K2CO3/γ-Al2O3) was investigated as a CO2 sorbent due to its expected high surface area, low energy consumption in regeneration, and non-toxicity. Different types of alkali solutions were used to modify the physical properties of the adsorbent including morphology, BET surface area, pore volume, and pore size. Preparation of the adsorbent was carried out via the impregnation method in which K2CO3 and γ-Al2O3 were added to an alkali solution. CO2 adsorption-desorption was carried out in a fixed bed reactor with a temperature swing process (35-250 °C). The reactor was fed with 12% …


Photocatalytic Selective Hydrogenation Of Furfural To Furfuryl Alcohol On Graphene Modified Tio2 Catalysts, Supphanat Richaroenkij Jan 2022

Photocatalytic Selective Hydrogenation Of Furfural To Furfuryl Alcohol On Graphene Modified Tio2 Catalysts, Supphanat Richaroenkij

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Furfural is a furan derived from biomass, which can be converted to high-value chemical products which are useful for many industrial applications such as fuel additives, drugs, and polymer resin. In this research, photocatalytic selective hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol was investigated in different phases of TiO2 including anatase, rutile, and P25 (mixed anatase/rutile phase) and graphene-modified TiO2 catalysts. The graphene-modified TiO2 was prepared by physical mixing method with graphene contents of 5-15wt%. The catalyst properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), N2-physisorption, transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The …


Modification Of Γ-Al2o3-Supported Ni Catalysts By Wo3 Addition For Co2 Reforming Of Methane, Visansya Malaimat Jan 2022

Modification Of Γ-Al2o3-Supported Ni Catalysts By Wo3 Addition For Co2 Reforming Of Methane, Visansya Malaimat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Carbon dioxide reforming or dry reforming of methane (DRM) is not a mature process in the industry despite the economic benefits. The main obstacle preventing the commercialization of these reactions is carbon deposition caused by side reactions. This work investigates the improvement of the Ni/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst's stability and resistance to carbon deposition by WO3 addition. The effect of WO3 loadings amount, varying among 0.5 -13 wt% was investigated. The catalyst was prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method using the feed gas mixture at a CH4:CO2 ratio of 1:1 at 700 oC for 3 hours. The addition of WO3 …


Effect Of The Second Promoter On Pt/Wox/Al2o3 Catalyst Deactivation For The Selective Glycerol Hydrogenolysis To 1,3-Propanediol, Sittichai Damruang Jan 2022

Effect Of The Second Promoter On Pt/Wox/Al2o3 Catalyst Deactivation For The Selective Glycerol Hydrogenolysis To 1,3-Propanediol, Sittichai Damruang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The selective glycerol hydrogenolysis is a good promising reaction to produce 1,3-propanediol. The Pt-WOx bifunctional catalyst is extensively interested, but the catalyst deactivation via sintering, metal leaching, and coking can predominantly occur in the aqueous phase reaction. In this research, the effect of reaction temperature and pressure was investigated. The role of the second promoter on Pt/WOx/Al2O3 catalyst was studied, including Cu, Fe, Rh, Mn, Re, Ru, Ir, Sn, B, and P, to improve synergy between Pt, WOx, and Al2O3. The physicochemical properties and the interaction of Pt with Al2O3 were investigated as well. The second promoter improves the catalytic …


Enhancement Of Catalytic Stability Of Fe2o3/Sio2 Catalyst Prepared By The Sol-Gel Method For Selective Oxidation Of H2s To Sulfur., Athitaya Promtongkaew Jan 2022

Enhancement Of Catalytic Stability Of Fe2o3/Sio2 Catalyst Prepared By The Sol-Gel Method For Selective Oxidation Of H2s To Sulfur., Athitaya Promtongkaew

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The H2S selective oxidation is the most attractive process for converting H2S to elemental sulfur, but the industrial problem of this process is the catalytic stability. In this work, two different synthesis methods (sol-gel (SG) compared with incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) as a widely used method) were used to synthesize iron oxide supported on silica catalysts (Fe2O3/SiO2) with metal loadings ranging from 0.5 to 10 %wt. The catalysts were tested for the selective oxidation of H2S, changing the operating conditions like temperature (170 – 250 °C), O2/H2S (0.5 – 2.5) and water content (0 – 50 %). A detailed characterization …


Lignin Micro-Nano Particles From Organosolv Lignin Of Domestically Available Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, Orawan Thasanabenjakul Jan 2022

Lignin Micro-Nano Particles From Organosolv Lignin Of Domestically Available Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch, Orawan Thasanabenjakul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Lignin nanoparticles have potential value in biomedical and environmental applications. Utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) for lignin nanoparticles production can improve the economics of oil palm. In this study, lignin was extracted from OPEFB by acid-catalyzed organosolv method, using either glycerol/glycerol carbonate or ethanol/water as the solvent. The FT-IR spectra of the lignin particles extracted by glycerol/glycerol carbonate and ethanol/water suggest that the ethanol/water system was able to remove more functional groups from the OPEFB than glycerol/glycerol carbonate. Without the homogenization, the organosolv lignin particle sizes extracted by glycerol/glycerol carbonate and ethanol/water were broadly distributed, ranging between 8-154 …


Carbon Dioxide Reforming Of Biogas On Hydrotalcite-Derived Ni-Mg-Al Catalyst Pellets: Effects Of Ce And La Promotors, Aekburut Yuangthong Jan 2022

Carbon Dioxide Reforming Of Biogas On Hydrotalcite-Derived Ni-Mg-Al Catalyst Pellets: Effects Of Ce And La Promotors, Aekburut Yuangthong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major component in biogas that leads to the lower heating value and biogas grade. Carbon dioxide reforming of biogas is an alternative way to utilized CO2 and upgrading biogas to hydrogen and carbon monoxide, syngas, which can be utilized as precursor for various chemical production. The Ni-based hydrotalcite-derived catalyst has become of interest to provide the advantages such as high surface area, high thermal stability and well-dispersed metal particles. In this study, NiMgAl catalysts are synthesized and pelletized for the carbon dioxide reforming of biogas. To enhance the activity and stability of the catalysts, Ce …


Guerbet Reaction Of Ethanol To Butanol Over Mgai Mixed Oxide Catalysts, Patchaporn Seekhiaw Jan 2022

Guerbet Reaction Of Ethanol To Butanol Over Mgai Mixed Oxide Catalysts, Patchaporn Seekhiaw

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research aims to investigate the Guerbet reaction of ethanol to butanol over MgAl mixed oxide catalysts. The MgAlO catalyst was obtained from calcination of MgAl-LDH. This study has been divided into three sections. In the first section, the effect of ethanol flow rate and nitrogen flow rate on Guerbet reaction of ethanol to butanol were examined. It was found that the optimal condition of ethanol flow rate and nitrogen flow rate for Guerbet reaction were at the weight hour space velocity (WHSV) of 3.1 h-1 and 900 mL/h of nitrogen flow rate, which gave 3.94% of butanol yield. Therefore, …


กลไกการสกัดในระดับโมเลกุลของการสกัดนิกเกิลด้วยระบบการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลายธรรมชาติ, วัชรพงศ์ อำพรพงษ์ Jan 2022

กลไกการสกัดในระดับโมเลกุลของการสกัดนิกเกิลด้วยระบบการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลายธรรมชาติ, วัชรพงศ์ อำพรพงษ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในงานวิจัยนี้นำเสนอการแยกโลหะนิกเกิลออกจากสารละลายน้ำด้วยวิธีการสกัดด้วยตัวทำละลาย โดยนำตัวทำละลายธรรมชาติมาเป็นตัวทำละลายทางเลือก (น้ำมันรำข้าว, น้ำมันถั่วเหลือง และน้ำมันทานตะวัน) ผลลัพธ์ที่ได้ พบว่า สารสกัด D2EHPA ในน้ำมันรำข้าวให้เปอร์เซ็นต์การสกัดนิกเกิลสูงสุด และมีประสิทธิภาพกว่าตัวทำละลายอุตสาหกรรม (เคโรซีน) นอกจากนี้เปอร์เซ็นต์ในการสกัดนิกเกิลเพิ่มขึ้นอย่างมากเมื่อใช้สารสกัดเสริมฤทธิ์ระหว่าง D2EHPA + 1-octanol ซึ่งแสดงถึงการเสริมฤทธิ์กันของสารสกัดทั้งสองชนิด ภายใต้สภาวะที่เหมาะสมเปอร์เซ็นต์การสกัดและการนำกลับของนิกเกิลสูงถึง 99.7% และ 88.0% ตามลำดับ นอกจากนี้มีการเสนอกลไกการสกัดนิกเกิลในระดับซุปราโมเลกุลาร์ด้วยทฤษฎีฟังก์ชันความหนาแน่น (DFT) ในการสกัดแบบเสริมฤทธิ์ ซึ่งพบว่าพันธะไฮโดรเจนในสารสกัดมีบทบาทสำคัญในการแลกเปลี่ยนประจุบวกกับนิกเกิลเกิดเป็นโลหะเชิงซ้อน และได้รับการวิเคราะห์หมู่ฟังก์ชันในการเกิดปฏิกิริยาด้วยเทคนิคฟูเรียร์ทรานส์ฟอร์มอินฟราเรดสเปกโตรสโคปีจากการคำนวณและการทดลองเพื่อเป็นการยืนยันกลไกการสกัดที่ถูกต้อง


Production Of Γ-Valerolactone Via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Of Furfuryl Alcohol Over Mfi-1 Catalysts, Kittitact Iamsaard Jan 2022

Production Of Γ-Valerolactone Via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Of Furfuryl Alcohol Over Mfi-1 Catalysts, Kittitact Iamsaard

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

At present, the production of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) from renewable energy sources is gaining a lot of attention as GVL can be used to produce green chemicals and is environmentally friendly. In addition, can also be used as a fuel additive, organic solvents in the food industry, and pharmaceutical intermediates. The production of gamma-valerolactone directly from furfuryl alcohol in a single reactor is of great interest because it reduces the use of solvents number of production units, and the cost of producing a continuous reaction is carried out in a single reactor using secondary alcohols as a hydrogen donor was investigated …


ผลของวัสดุพื้นผิวสัมผัสที่มีต่อเสถียรภาพของไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ในการผลิตกรดเปอร์อะซีติก, ชัญญานุช พรหมมา Jan 2022

ผลของวัสดุพื้นผิวสัมผัสที่มีต่อเสถียรภาพของไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ในการผลิตกรดเปอร์อะซีติก, ชัญญานุช พรหมมา

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้ทำการศึกษาผลของวัสดุที่สัมผัสกับไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์แล้วก่อให้เกิดการ สลายตัวของไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ โดยวัสดุที่จะนำมาศึกษามีทั้งหมด 3 ชนิดได้แก่เหล็กกล้าไร้สนิม (SS304), อะลูมิเนียม และแก้วโบโรซิลิเกต ที่ไม่ผ่านการพาสซิเวต (passivation) และที่ผ่านการพาสวิเวตพื้นผิว ด้วยกรดไนตริกและกรดซัลฟิวริก และทำการศึกษาผลของวัสดุที่พื้นผิวสัมผัสกับกรดอะซีติก ที่มีต่อการผลิตกรดเปอร์อะซีติก 5%w/w และ 15%w/w โดยใช้กรดอะซีติกที่ผ่านการแช่วัสดุชนิดต่าง ๆ เป็นเวลา 24 ชั่วโมงก่อนนำมาผลิตกรดเปอร์อะซีติก การสังเคราะห์กรดเปอร์อะซีติกทำโดยการผสมไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ กรดอะซีติกที่ไม่ผ่านและผ่านการแช่วัสดุชนิดต่าง ๆ และน้ำ ในขวดพอลิเอทิลีนความหนาแน่นสูง (HDPE) การทดลองกระทำที่อุณหภูมิห้องและติดตามการเปลี่ยนแปลงของกรดทั้งหมดในปฏิกิริยา ด้วยการไทเทรต การศึกษาในส่วนของการสลายตัวของไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์พบว่า มีเพียงเหล็กกล้าไร้สนิมที่ผ่านการพาสซิเวตด้วยกรดซัลฟิวริก จะไปเร่งการสลายตัวของไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์ การศึกษาในส่วนของการผลิตกรดเปอร์อะซีติกพบว่าปัญหาลดลงของกรดเปอร์อะซีติกและไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์เมื่อเวลาผ่านไป เป็นผลมาจากการที่กรดเปอร์อะซีติกทำปฏิกิริยากับ HDPE ทำให้เกิดการสูญเสียอะตอมออกซิเจน แล้วสลายตัวกลับคืนเป็นกรดอะซีติก ที่ไปทำปฏิกิริยากับไฮโดรเจนเปอร์ออกไซด์กลับมาเป็นกรดอะซีติกใหม่


Techno-Economic Analysis Of Dimethyl Carbonate Production From Alternative Processes Using Urea Alcoholysis Reaction, Chanon Bunsaksit Jan 2022

Techno-Economic Analysis Of Dimethyl Carbonate Production From Alternative Processes Using Urea Alcoholysis Reaction, Chanon Bunsaksit

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a green reactant which plays an important role in industrial applications. DMC can be alternatively produced using urea and methanol as precursors. In this study, both direct and indirect urea alcoholysis pathways were simulated in terms of process performance and economic feasibility. For performance analysis, the energy consumption of the process related to CO2 emission was reported. It was found that the highest energy consumption lay in the separation of azeotropic mixture between DMC and methanol. Indirect urea alcoholysis processes via propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate were investigated. The indirect alcoholysis process was able to achieve …


Synthesis Of Nano Porous Carbon From Black Liquor As Support Of Tungsten Phosphide Catalyst Supports For The Green Diesel Production, Tassanai Tempiam Jan 2022

Synthesis Of Nano Porous Carbon From Black Liquor As Support Of Tungsten Phosphide Catalyst Supports For The Green Diesel Production, Tassanai Tempiam

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this thesis, we focused on the synthesis of mesoporous carbon derived from lignin extracted from black liquor. To develop suitable support material for metal catalysts in the deoxygenation of palm oil. The objectives encompassed the development of mesoporous carbon via chemical activation, investigation of the effect of a tungsten phosphide catalyst on a carbon support, and exploration of reaction parameters for deoxygenation. The optimized condition of 700 °C with a 1:1 ratio of activating agent (KOH) to precursor yielded nanoporous carbon with a surface area of 1,676.5 m2/g and a total pore volume of 1.091 cm3/g. The resulting material …


Rapid Fabrication Of Ni Supported Mgo-Zro2 Catalysts Via Solution Combustion Synthesis For Steam Reforming Of Methane For Hydrogen Production, Paweennut Sintuya Jan 2022

Rapid Fabrication Of Ni Supported Mgo-Zro2 Catalysts Via Solution Combustion Synthesis For Steam Reforming Of Methane For Hydrogen Production, Paweennut Sintuya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Hydrogen is one of the most promising energy alternatives in terms of clean energy resources. Based on the current technologies, steam reforming of methane is considered at cost-effective process for hydrogen production in an industrial scale. In this study, a series of Ni-based catalysts supported on MgO-ZrO2 was synthesized using a solution combustion synthesis with urea as fuel due to its simple, rapid process, and enabling the synthesis of nano-sized materials. The catalytic performance of synthesized catalysts for steam reforming of methane was evaluated in a packed-bed reactor at 700ºC and under atmospheric pressure. The 20Ni/20MgO-ZrO2 catalyst exhibited good activity …


การพัฒนาฟิล์มผสมแบบยืดหยุ่นจากไฟโบรอินไหมไทยและอัลจิเนต โดยเชื่อมขวางด้วยแคลเซียมคลอไรด์, ปวีณณัฐ พงษ์บริบูรณ์ Jan 2022

การพัฒนาฟิล์มผสมแบบยืดหยุ่นจากไฟโบรอินไหมไทยและอัลจิเนต โดยเชื่อมขวางด้วยแคลเซียมคลอไรด์, ปวีณณัฐ พงษ์บริบูรณ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาฟิล์มผสมของไฟโบรอินไหมไทย (SF) และอัลจิเนตที่มีความยืดหยุ่นและคงตัว โดยเริ่มด้วยการศึกษาคุณลักษณะของสารละลายผสมของไฟโบรอินไหมและอัลจิเนตที่มีน้ำหนักโมเลกุลต่างกัน (ความหนืดต่างกัน) สองชนิด ได้แก่ อัลจิเนตเกรดความหนืดต่ำ (LA) และอัลจิเนตเกรดความหนืดปานกลาง (MA) อัตราส่วนผสมโดยน้ำหนัก 50/50 60/40 และ 70/30 ค่าพีเอช 6 และ 8 ที่มีความเข้ากันได้เป็นเนื้อเดียวกันมาทำการขึ้นรูปเป็นฟิล์ม โดยที่สารละลาย SFLA ค่าพีเอช 6 และ 8 พบการแยกชั้นและตกตะกอนทุกอัตราส่วนผสม ในขณะที่สารละลาย SFMA ทุกอัตราส่วนผสม ที่ค่าพีเอช 8 มีความเข้ากันได้เป็นเนื้อเดียวกันในระดับมหภาค เนื่องจากสภาพประจุของสารละลายผสม SFMA มีความเป็นลบมาก ส่งผลให้อนุภาคคอลลอยด์มีการกระจายตัวได้ดีและมีเสถียรภาพสูง จึงเลือกสารละลายผสมดังกล่าวมาขึ้นรูปเป็นฟิล์มโดยวิธีการเทหล่อ และเชื่อมขวางด้วยวิธีการแช่ในสารละลายแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ที่มีตัวทำละลายเป็นน้ำและเอทานอล ผลการศึกษาการเชื่อมขวางฟิล์มผสม เป็นเวลา 60 นาที พบว่าฟิล์มผสมสามารถคงรูปเป็นชิ้นได้ถึง 5 วันในสารละลายเกลือฟอสเฟตบัฟเฟอร์ ค่าพีเอช 7.4 อุณหภูมิ 37 องศาเซลเซียส สำหรับผลการบวมตัวของฟิล์ม SFMA ที่เชื่อมขวางในสารละลายแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ความเข้มข้น 2 เปอร์เซ็นต์โดยน้ำหนักที่มีเอทานอล 30 เปอร์เซ็นต์เป็นตัวทำละลาย (SFMA2C30E) พบว่ามีการบวมตัวต่ำกว่าและมีความโปร่งใสน้อยกว่าฟิล์มที่เชื่อมขวางในสารละลายแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ความเข้มข้น 1 เปอร์เซ็นต์โดยน้ำหนักที่มีตัวทำละลายเป็นเอทานอล 30 เปอร์เซ็นต์ (SFMA1C30E) อีกทั้งฟิล์มผสม SFMA2C30E (ทั้งฟิล์มแห้งและฟิล์มเปียก) มีความแข็งแรงต่อแรงดึงสูงกว่าฟิล์มผสม SFMA1C30E ซึ่งคุณลักษณะและสมบัติต่าง ๆ ของฟิล์มผสม SFMA2C30E ล้วนเป็นผลมาจากการเชื่อมขวางที่มีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้นในสารละลายแคลเซียมคลอไรด์ ที่สามารถเกิดอันตรกิริยาด้วยพันธะไอออนิกระหว่างแคลเซียมไอออนกับหมู่คาร์บอกซิลของอัลจิเนต เกิดการก่อตัวเป็นโครงสร้างกล่องไข่ที่มีความแข็งแรง มีความหนาแน่นและเป็นระเบียบมากขึ้น และเอทานอล 30 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ที่ใช้เป็นตัวทำละลายร่วมในสารเชื่อมขวาง สามารถขจัดน้ำ โดยเข้าไปแทนที่โมเลกุลของน้ำที่ล้อมรอบสายโซ่โมเลกุลของไฟโบรอินไหมและอัลจิเนต และอาจมีส่วนเหนี่ยวนำการเกิดโครงสร้างทุติยภูมิแบบแผ่นพลีทเบต้าของไฟโบรอินไหมให้มีความเป็นระเบียบมากขึ้นได้ นอกจากนี้สารสกัดของฟิล์มผสม SFMA2C30E ไม่เป็นพิษต่อเซลล์ไฟโบรบลาสต์ผิวหนังของหนู (L929) ตามมาตรฐานการทดสอบความเป็นพิษ ISO 10993-5 จากผลการศึกษาสามารถสรุปได้ว่า ฟิล์มผสม SFMA2C30E ที่พัฒนาขึ้นมีความเหมาะสมสำหรับเป็นฟิล์มชีววัสดุทางเลือกที่สามารถพัฒนาต่อยอดเพื่อประยุกต์ใช้ทางการแพทย์เฉพาะด้านได้