Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Investigation Of The Parameters Of Semicylindrical Capacitive Sensor, Erkin Uljaev, Elyor Faxriddinovich Khudoyberdiev, Shohrukh Nurali O‘G‘Li Narzullayev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This study introduces a semicylindrical capacitive sensor, featuring an internal dielectric insulator, designed to measure moisture levels in bulk and other materials while in motion. The research employs numerical analysis to explore the sensor's capacitance variation and evaluate its performance. The change in capacitance of the semicylindrical capacitive sensor in the picofarad range is easily converted into a change in the frequency of the generator, which is implemented on an operational amplifier with feedback. The generator circuit is quite compact, and its output can be connected directly to the discrete input of a microcontroller without a matching element. Using the …

Experimental Study Of The Ultrasonic Extraction Process Of Plant Raw Materials, Azamat Bakir Ogli Usenov, Doston Ishmuxammat Ogli Samandarov, Qobil Akmal Ogli Mukhiddinov, Jasur Esirgapovich Safarov Dcs

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

In-depth scientific research is being conducted around the world aimed at developing the scientific and methodological foundations of energy-saving extractors, processing medicinal plants, increasing the efficiency of modern technologies, processes and equipment for obtaining high-quality pharmaceutical raw materials rich in biologically active substances. Energy-saving extractors, developed in conjunction with the extraction process of medicinal plants, are introduced into the industry using scientifically proven technology. At the global level, special attention is paid to the creation of intelligent designs of innovative extraction plants that operate using ultrasonic waves, allowing the extraction of medicinal components of plants.

Clustering Algorithm Based On Similarity Of Objects, Akhram Khasanovich Nishanov, Alisher Tulkunovich Tursunov, Fayzullo Farhod O'G'Li Ollamberganov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article discusses the problem of drug clustering. Initially, k classes are randomly formed and the resulting training sample is preprocessed, then the similarity between objects of each class is assessed based on the proximity function and the criterion for assessing the contribution of objects to the formation of their own class. It is usually expressed as a percentage and represents the degree of mutual similarity of objects of each class. In the next steps of the algorithm, first one object is taken from the first class and by adding it to all k classes, the contribution of this object …

Capacitive Sensors With Ultra-Small Capacitance For Smart Measurement And Control Systems, Rustam Baratov, Farrux Jabbor O'G'Li Ko'charov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article discusses methods of low capacitance measurement of capacitive sensors. The results of the study of the amplitude-frequency (AF) and phase-frequency (PF) response of measurement circuits of capacitive sensors for low capacitances measurement, consisting of RC - differentiating elements are presented. The input and output parameters of the differentiating circuit and the complex transfer function are analyzed. The research results show that low capacitances measurement by measuring the rectangular pulses duration is the most effective measurement method.

Developing Decision-Making Models And Algorithms To Help Prevent Emergencies, Mizaakbar Xakkulmirzayevich Hudayberdiyev, Oybek Zokirovich Koraboshev

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article is devoted to the solution of the scientific issue of decision-making support for the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergency situations. The relevance of this issue is related to the need to develop a theoretical basis for optimizing the risk of adverse effects on human health and the environment in connection with emergency situations, and a predictive model for the development of emergency situations and their prevention or elimination of their consequences. The optimization of the importance measure of signs for predicting the values of the factors of fire conditions has been carried out. In addition, …

Mathematical Modelling Of The Solar Drying Of Apricot, Sarvar Rejabov, Botir Shukurillayevich Usmonov, Asqar Artikov, Komil Usmanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Agricultural products provide significant growth in export earnings for many countries and provide food globally. Fruits and vegetables are perishable foods due to their high moisture content. Therefore, most agricultural products require post-harvest processing such as drying to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables and maintain nutrient quality. Solar drying is widely used for this purpose. Ambient temperature, humidity and solar radiation affect the drying time and quality of agricultural products, especially apricots, in solar dryers. The experiments were carried out in the same place (Tashkent, Uzbekistan) and in the same time interval. When the mass of apricots …

Development And Testing Of Small-Scale Flash Dryer For Maize Bran, Eden Ngowi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Sun drying is the most common technique used to dry various food products due to its economic convenience. However, it is not effective owing to its unreliable nature leading to microbial deterioration and aflatoxin contamination of food. In Tanzania, about 1.3 million tonnes of maize bran are at risk of deterioration annually due to improper drying. The aim of this study was to design, fabricate and test an efficient small-scale flash dryer for maize bran. Using principles of material and energy balance, a small-scale flash dryer with a throughput of 500 kg of dry product per hour was designed resulting …

Investigation Of Heavy Metal Composition And Associated Health Risks From Selected Groundwater Wells In Temeke, Dar-Es-Salaam, Justin M. Jeremiah

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Water quality continues to be the challenge to residents in Dar es Salaam due to various anthropogenic activities in the city. This study was conducted to assess groundwater quality by determining concentrations of heavy metals. Both probability and Nonprobability sampling techniques were used to collect samples from 40 groundwater wells in 24 wards of Temeke municipal and analysed using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (Agilent 4210 MP-AES) at the Geochemistry Laboratory of the University of Dar es Salaam. Results indicated varying heavy metal concentrations ranging from 0.71 ± 0.08 to 6.64 ± 0.21 mg/l for As, 0.02 ± 0.01 to …

Inspection Planning Of Subsea Pipeline Using Risk-Based Inspection, Ni Luh Triska Adelia, Badrul Munir, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Pipelines are an important tool in oil and gas exploration. Pipeline is a transmission and liquid collection lines, including their accessories, which transport fluids from one plant to another. In transmission and collection process, there is a possibility of failure which can have minor to major impact on personnel injury, the environment and interrupt the business process. To maintain safety and to prevent accidents, the source and cause of failure needs to be calculated. Risk-based inspection (RBI) is a method that can be used to calculate the risk and determine the inspection planning both schedule and method, by combining the …

Optimizing The Expression Of Polyethylene Terephtalate Hydrolase-Encoding Synthetic Gene In Escherichia Coli Arctic Express (De3), Jocelyn Nataniel, Maria Ulfah, Dini Achnafani, Niknik Nurhayati, Gabriela Christy Sabbathini, Sri Rezeki Wulandari, Abinawanto Abinawanto, Is Helianti

Makara Journal of Science

The waste of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste in Indonesia is a pressing concern due to its slow degradation and potential environmental damage. One promising solution is to utilize polyethylene terephthalate hydrolase from Ideonella sakaiensis (IsPETase), an enzyme that specifically degrades PET. However, inducing the expression of IsPETase synthetic gene in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) has been challenging because much of it remains insoluble. This study aimed to express IsPETase in E. coli Arctic Express (DE3) and optimize the conditions to enhance its production. First, pET22b(+)pelB-IsPETase was inserted into E. coli Arctic Express (DE3). The …

Algorithms And Models For Synthesis Of Elements Of Digital Information Systems, Odil Abdujalilovich Jumaev, M.T. Ismoilov, V.B. Pulatov, G.X. Rashidov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The development of algorithms for noise-tolerant and high-speed measurement systems involves an integrated approach that encompasses methods of data processing and transmission, as well as mechanisms for rapid response to changes. This paper presents the key principles and techniques used in such technologies. The information systems are thoroughly analyzed, including the use of signal processing techniques and their identification, filtering using various statistical techniques to determine signal parameters and the development of algorithms to analyze and classify signals. Critical aspects of the system such as performance, reliability, security and scalability are also evaluated. The paper discusses information system structures and …

Ultrasonic Flow Meter Calibration Via The Internet Using An Analog-To-Digital Converter, Aliev Ravshan, A.U. Djalilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The purpose of scientific research work is remote control of improving the metrological properties of the water flow measuring device. Therefore, the Arduino platform with an additional ESP8266 NodeMcu v3 and analog-to-digital converter, module was installed in the scientific article for automatic calibration/checking of ultrasonic flow meters used in irrigation networks. The module is integrated into a 32-bit microcontroller with low power consumption. The ESP8266 NodeMcu v3 module operates at 80 and 160 MHz clock frequencies, supports real-time operating system (RTOS), built-in Wi-Fi, and has a microstrip antenna on board. Through this, the data exchange between the computing equipment and …

Research Of The Fuzzy Control System For Adjusting Thread Tension During The Warping Process, To'xtamurod Hayitmurodovich Avezov, Zokhid Ergashboyevich Iskandarov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The paper considered issues of research into a fuzzy control system for the warping process. During the warping process, the reasons that cause defects in the final finished product have been studied, firstly (remove this word) which are thread breakage, thread tangling, the formation of loops on or under the belt, hanging loose threads and similar factors. To study the warping process, its mathematical model is constructed. Kinematic parameters of stationary movement corresponding to the equilibrium mode were determined by solving the nonlinear functional matrix - equation of movement. The process of breakage the warp of the threads under oscillation …

Research Of A New Technological Flowsheet Parameters For Uranium Mining From Technogenic Uranium Ores, Nazarov Jamol, G.M. Allaberganova, H.L. Pulatov, A.M. Muzafarov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper presents the results of a study of the parameters of a new technological scheme for the extraction of uranium from technogenic uranium ores. The results of the analytical determination of the concentration of parent - ²³⁸U and daughter radionuclides - ²³⁴U , ²³⁰Th , ²²⁶Ra , ²²²Rn , ²¹⁸Pa , ²¹⁴Pb , etc. are presented . in the studied technogenic uranium ores. The principal scheme of the new uranium extraction technology from technogenic uranium ores is presented. The use of the classifier in a new scheme for separating granules of technogenic …

Assessment Of Metrological Errors Of Recognition Metrics In The Intelligent Control And Regulation System Of The Cotton Harvesting Machine, Erkin Uljaev, Utkirjon Murodillaevich Ubaydullaev, Azizjon Abdulla Ugli Abdulhamidov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article presents a method for assessing the error of metrics of an intelligent system for monitoring and regulating the width of the working gap of the harvesting apparatus of a cotton picker. To assess the error, the calculation of the average value of the standard deviation of metrics, absolute systematic and random errors, as well as absolute and relative total errors are used. The results of these calculations will allow us to determine the accuracy of the recognition system and opportunities for its improvement.

Environmental Monitoring And Control System Of Greenhouse Based On Internet Of Things Technology, Ru Jiang, Nadirbek Yusupbekov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Greenhouse is an important application scene of modern agriculture. In this paper, a set of greenhouse environmental monitoring, facility remote control and production management system is designed and implemented based on Internet of Things technology for the development needs of modern agriculture in greenhouse. The system selects STM32F407 control board as the main controller to realize real-time monitoring of greenhouse environmental parameters including temperature and humidity, soil nutrients, soil pH and other greenhouse environmental information, and can adjust greenhouse environmental parameters by controlling the irrigation system, roller shutters, fans, shading curtains and other facilities in the greenhouse. The main controller …

Structural And Parametric Identification Of Recycling Systems, Khusan Igamberdiev, Madina Mirxalilovma Fozilova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issue of identifying recirculation systems with a specific control loop, in which information and control information about various technological processes circulate, is being considered. A methodology for identifying recirculation systems has been developed, based on algorithms for structural identification of the model based on the results of assessing the sensitivity of the optimum of control parameters and a fuzzy inference algorithm based on production rules that contribute to solving the problem of parametric identification.

Synthesis Of An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control System For Steam Generator Temperature, Isomiddin Xakimovich Siddikov, Dilnoza Maxamadjanovna Umurzakova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper is devoted to the modeling and synthesis of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy control system for steam generator temperature. Temperature control systems play an important role in industry because accurate and stable control is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of steam systems. Traditional control methods based on mathematical models and fixed parameter controllers may have limitations in providing optimal performance and adapting to changing operating conditions. The paper proposes a synthesized system combining fuzzy logic and adaptation methods to achieve more accurate and stable temperature control. A detailed structural diagram of the system, modeling, and tuning methods are presented. …

Decision-Making Algorithms For Drilling Instrument Control Systems, Fuzayl Fozil Ugli Odilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The control of the movement of the drilling tool and the structure of the well are considered. An effective control algorithm for drilling systems that provides control of well trajectory parameters is analyzed. In technological processes, it is necessary to control several parameters or several systems at the same time. It is considered necessary to create decision-making algorithms for the formation of managerial effects for the control system of such technological processes. The controlled oriented type of the bottom of the drill string was analyzed. Work was carried out on the decision-making algorithm for the processing of control effects. The …

Analysis Of The Effect Of Different Surface Preparation Methods On Corrosion Resistance And Adhesion Strength Of Astm A36 Steel Substrate With Surface Tolerant Epoxy Paint As Coating Material, Irwan Wijaya Santoso, Daffa Aqila, Rini Riastuti, Rizal Tresna Ramadhani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

In the industrial world, to extend the service life of materials, protection methods are carried out to slow down the material's corrosion rate. The protection method that is often used is the coating method. The coating method is a protection method by coating the substrate material using a coating material to prevent contact between the substrate material and the environment. In this research, the substrate material used is ASTM A36 steel and the coating material used is Surface Tolerant Epoxy paint. The independent variable used in this study lies in the surface preparation method which consists of: solvent cleaning, hand …

Design And Optimization Of An Azeotropic Distillation Pilot Plant For The Production Of Pure Ethanol, Samwel V. Manyele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This study aimed to design an azeotropic distillation plant using Aspen Plus® V10 software and determine optimal process conditions for producing pure ethanol greater than 95% from pre-concentrated near-azeotropic ethanol-water solution. The non-random two-liquid Redlich-Kwong thermodynamic model was the base method for property analysis and performance prediction. Modelling and simulation of the converged process were conducted for fixed column variables (R = 5, N = 12 and p = 1 atm). Plant operating parameters were varied in the range of 0 to 1 for the pre-heater vapour fraction, 2 to 10 for the column feed plates (NFP), 2 to 6 …

Effect Of Zr And W Doping On Microstructures, Transition Temperature And Solar Transmittance Modulation Of Thermochromic W/Zr Co-Doped Vo2 Thin Films, Haji F. Haji

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Thermochromic W/Zr co-doped VO2-based thin films with different concentrations of Zr were successfully deposited on soda lime glass substrates by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering of V(99)W(01) alloy and Zr targets at a substrate temperature of 425 °C. The films were characterized by x–ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), two-point probe and UV/VIS/NIR spectroscopy. The film’s structural properties evolution was significantly influenced by Zr concentration in the films. The transition temperature and hysteresis loop widths of the films were found to decrease with increasing Zr concentration. For the Zr concentrations of 0.21 at.%, 0.23 at.% …

Sol-Gel Synthesis And Microstructure Characterization Of Nio-Tio2 Semiconductor, Godlisten N. Shao

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

NiO-TiO2 is a fascinating p-n semiconducting binary metal oxide with unique electronic and optical properties. The NiO-TiO2 has been synthesized using complicated preparation methods and expensive precursors that hamper their large-scale production. The present study reports the preparation of NiO-TiO2 semiconductor with improved physicochemical properties. NiO-TiO2 samples were prepared through one-pot sol-gel synthesis process followed by sintering of the as-synthesized materials at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 °C. The role of thermal treatment and NiO content on the microstructures was exquisitely studied. The microstructure of the NiO-TiO2 samples was examined by Raman spectroscopy, XRD, XRF, SEM-EDAX, high resolution TEM, …

Sediment Characteristics And Hydrocarbon Composition Of Makukwa Seep In Southern Tanzania: Potential Implications For Subterranean Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Makungu M. Madirisha

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Exploring the interplay between natural seeps and nearby sediment and hydrocarbon properties is key to unlocking subsurface hydrocarbon potential. This study presents findings on the hydrocarbon composition and sediment characteristics of the Makukwa seep in southern Tanzania, providing insight into subterranean hydrocarbon accumulation. Sediment analysis across areas A and B, located approximately 20 m apart, showed a decrease in porosity with depth, indicative of typical sandstone formations. Area A, near the seeps, exhibited porosity ranging from 23% to 36%, whereas Area B, further away, showed porosity ranging from 22% to 38%. This suggests that a lower cretaceous sandstone layer may …

Production Of Biofertilizer From Fruit And Garden Waste, Neema Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The project focused on the production of bio-fertilizer from fruit and garden waste, with a specific emphasis on utilizing pineapple tops in the composting process. The objective was to produce and assess the properties of the bio fertilizer obtained from this process and evaluate its potential application in agriculture. In this study, the composting process was done in a 0.7 m long, 0.85 wide and 1.1 m high vessel, and 0.238 m3 pineapple top wastes, resulting in 0.35 m3 of biofertilizer. The bio fertilizer produced exhibited favorable characteristics, including a moisture content of 36%, pH of 7.1, and a total …

Assessment Of Risk Factors Related To Body Pain Complaints In Tanzania Construction Industry, Fatma K. Mohamed

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The construction industry is associated with risks that can result in musculoskeletal diseases. Although young male workers who are presumed to be healthy dominate the industry in Tanzania, body pain complaints have been widely reported. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and causes of body pains in workers. A cross-sectional study involving 396 workers was conducted. A chi square test was used for testing association of independent categorical variables and binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors for body pain complaints. The results show that all study participants complained of at least one form …

Study Of The Effects Of Thermal Aging Coupled With Shot-Peening Treatment Of Carbonitrided Din 1.6587 Low Alloy Steel On Retained Austenite And Residual Stresses, Richard J. Katemi

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

This work investigated the effects of thermal aging and shot-peening of carbonitrided 1.6587 steel grade on retained austenite and residual stresses. After carbonitriding samples contained maximum of 0.87% carbon, 0.34% nitrogen and 50 mass. -% retained austenite. Thermal aging conditions investigated were -30°C, 90°C and 150°C while the aging period were 14, 96 and 720 hours. After thermal aging, some of the samples were subjected to shot-peening treatment using standard cut wire shots StD – G3 - 0.6 mm VDFI 8001 with intensity in the range of 0.25 to 0.30 mmA and coverage of 1.00 to 1.24 x 98%. It …

Synthesis Of Local Control Systems For Underwater Units Cleaning Bottom Sediments In Reservoirs, Yuriy Gennadiyevich Shipulin, Zebiniso Akmalovna Zayniddinova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The article discusses the issues of synthesizing local control systems for underwater units for cleaning bottom sediments in reservoirs. It is shown that the protection and rational use of natural reservoirs and the fight against their premature siltation is becoming an urgent task.

It is proposed to use small-sized underwater units, consisting of information and measuring devices, to carry out search work for cleaning bottom sediments under water; control systems; actuators and means of communication with humans.

It is shown that the task of controlling the loading of an underwater unit (UU) requires maintaining optimal performance while simultaneously taking into …

Modernization Of Water Flow Measurement In Open Irrigation Systems Using The Slope-Area Method, R.M. Aliev, Djalilov Anvar

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article describes two methods for determining water flow in open irrigation systems: “speed - area” and “slope - area”. The authors considered the problem of its modernization using the existing method for determining water flow “slope - area” in open irrigation systems. The essence of the issue is the remote transfer of parameters necessary for calculating water flow in open irrigation systems and improving the means of their processing. In scientific studies conducted by the authors, the required hydraulic parameters were studied using the “slope - area” and “speed - area” water flow methods. Based on experimentally obtained data, …

Synthesis Algorithm Of Control System Based On Neural Network For The Gas And Oil Process, Jasur Sevinov, Abdishukurov Maqsudovich Shavkat, A.Z. Shodiyorov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

Automatic control systems in the oil and gas processing are considered. After extraction of natural gas condensate, management of technological parameters plays an important role in its processing. Among the parameter of regulating algorithms, control based on neural network technology was considered. These control systems are created on the basis of algorithms of neural network technology. There are several structures of neural networks according to their structure. Differences in the process of information processing of these branching structures are considered.