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Full-Text Articles in Chemical Engineering

Evaluating The Impact Of Increased Cycling On Thermal Power Plants Due To Wind Energy Penetration In The Midwest: A Case Study, Joscelyne Larson Jan 2023

Evaluating The Impact Of Increased Cycling On Thermal Power Plants Due To Wind Energy Penetration In The Midwest: A Case Study, Joscelyne Larson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

One of the most significant shifts in the mix of U.S. electricity generation over the past few years has been the rapid expansion of renewable energy resources, especially solar and wind. However, fossil fuels are still necessary to fulfill the world’s energy requirements. Despite efforts to increase the use of renewable energy sources, these sources can be at times unreliable, causing countries around the world to continue to rely on base load units such as coal and natural gas. This decrease in fossil fuels and increase in renewable energy sources presents many complex issues in terms of power system planning, …

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Attrition Study Of Copper-Supplemented Iron-Based Oxygen Carrier For Chemical Looping Combustion, Neng Huang Jan 2023

Attrition Study Of Copper-Supplemented Iron-Based Oxygen Carrier For Chemical Looping Combustion, Neng Huang

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising technology that can mitigate the carbon emissions for power generation. The cost of oxygen carriers (OCs) impedes the scale up of CLC. Compared to synthetic iron-based OCs, red mud (RM), an abundant iron-based solid waste from industry, is a cost-effective choice due to its intrinsic inclusion of both inert and catalytic phases that are crucial for CLC. It was anticipated that the addition of copper oxide to RM using a mechanical mixing method that can be easily scaled up would enhance both reactivity and oxygen transport capacity (OTC), and the heat of reaction …

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Impact Of Spallation And Internal Radiation On Fibrous Ablative Materials, Raghava Sai Chaitanya Davuluri Jan 2023

Impact Of Spallation And Internal Radiation On Fibrous Ablative Materials, Raghava Sai Chaitanya Davuluri

Theses and Dissertations--Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering

Space vehicles are equipped with Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) that encounter high heat rates and protect the payload while entering a planetary atmosphere. For most missions that interest NASA, ablative materials are used as TPS. These materials undergo several mass and energy transfer mechanisms to absorb intense heat. The size and construction of the TPS are based on the composition of the planetary atmosphere and the impact of various ablative mechanisms on the flow field and the material. Therefore, it is essential to quantify the rates of different ablative phenomena to model TPS accurately. In this work, the impact of …

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Conductive 3d Nano-Biohybrid Systems Based On Densified Carbon Nanotube Forests And Living Cells, Roya Bagheri, Alicia K. Ball, Masoud Kasraie, Aparna Chandra, Xinqian Chen, Ibrahim Miskioglu, Zhiying Shan, Parisa Pour Shahid Saeed Abadi Jan 2023

Conductive 3d Nano-Biohybrid Systems Based On Densified Carbon Nanotube Forests And Living Cells, Roya Bagheri, Alicia K. Ball, Masoud Kasraie, Aparna Chandra, Xinqian Chen, Ibrahim Miskioglu, Zhiying Shan, Parisa Pour Shahid Saeed Abadi

Michigan Tech Publications

Conductive biohybrid cell-material systems have applications in bioelectronics and biorobotics. To date, conductive scaffolds are limited to those with low electrical conductivity or 2D sheets. Here, 3D biohybrid conductive systems are developed using fibroblasts or cardiomyocytes integrated with carbon nanotube (CNT) forests that are densified due to interactions with a gelatin coating. CNT forest scaffolds with a height range of 120–240 µm and an average electrical conductivity of 0.6 S/cm are developed and shown to be cytocompatible as evidenced from greater than 89% viability measured by live-dead assay on both cells on day 1. The cells spread on top and …

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Evaluating Electrification Of Fossil Fuel-Fired Boilers For Decarbonization Using Discrete Event Simulation, Nahian Ismail Chowdhury Jan 2023

Evaluating Electrification Of Fossil Fuel-Fired Boilers For Decarbonization Using Discrete Event Simulation, Nahian Ismail Chowdhury

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Decarbonizing fossil fuel usage is crucial in mitigating the impacts of climate change. CO2, which comprises the major portion of greenhouse gas, is emitted from burning fossil fuels. One of the significant sources of fossil fuel user is industrial process heating, and most of the heating in industrial processes is achieved through boilers. Electrification is a promising solution for decarbonizing these boilers, as it enables renewable energy sources to generate electricity, which can then be used to power the electric boilers. The electrification of boilers can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and increase energy efficiency. However, it requires …

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Studies On Non-Transition Metal Substitution To Ab2 Metal Hydride Alloys For Battery Application, Shiuan Chang Jan 2023

Studies On Non-Transition Metal Substitution To Ab2 Metal Hydride Alloys For Battery Application, Shiuan Chang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Nowadays, multiphase transition metal-based AB2 metal hydride alloys and the rare-earth metal-based AB5 alloys (currently used in consumer NiMH batteries) are used as negative electrodes in NiMH batteries. It is of great interest to explore the possibility of significantly improving NiMH battery performance to compete with Li-ion batteries. In this area, the effect of dopant elements from Group-IA, -IIA, -IIIA non-transition metal family has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, lithium, magnesium, and boron (a metalloid considered metal in this study) were chosen as modifiers in the C14-phase predominant AB2 alloy by different dopant concentrations and synthesis methods, doping …

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Optical Diagnostics Of Hydrocarbon Fuel Autoignition Using The Corrected Filtered Natural Emission Of Species Technique, Maysam Molana Jan 2023

Optical Diagnostics Of Hydrocarbon Fuel Autoignition Using The Corrected Filtered Natural Emission Of Species Technique, Maysam Molana

Wayne State University Dissertations

The gas temperature and concentration of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide of a hydrocarbon fuel mixture were measured using a rapid compression machine by applying a modern optical diagnostics methodology called the corrected filtered natural emission of species (C-FNES) technique. This technique uses a correction factor that includes all of the experimental and simulation errors and uncertainties into the measurements. To ensure the robustness of the proposed technique, the effect of temperature and pressure on the measured data was investigated extensively. To this end, a pentane inert mixture was tested in a wide range of operation conditions: six compressed gas …

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Combustion Characteristics Of Methane, Ethane, Propane, And Butane Blends Under Conditions Relevant Of A Dual-Fuel Diesel And Natural Gas Engine, Christopher Joseph Ulishney Jan 2023

Combustion Characteristics Of Methane, Ethane, Propane, And Butane Blends Under Conditions Relevant Of A Dual-Fuel Diesel And Natural Gas Engine, Christopher Joseph Ulishney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As natural gas production infrastructure is already in place in most of the world and will continue expanding for the foreseeable future, natural gas is an alternative to traditional liquid petroleum fuels in heavy-duty engines. Dedicated natural gas or dual-fuel diesel-natural gas heavy-duty engines are alternatives to diesel-only power generation equipment. One challenge is the large variation in the natural gas composition available for such applications, which is known to significantly affect engine’s combustion characteristics and the emissions composition. As the literature on dual-fuel combustion under low load engine operating conditions that use more realistic natural gas mixtures (i.e., mixtures …

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An Experimental Study On The Mechanical Properties And Chemical Composition Of Lcd 3d Printed Specimens, Sebastian Gomez Jan 2023

An Experimental Study On The Mechanical Properties And Chemical Composition Of Lcd 3d Printed Specimens, Sebastian Gomez

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Additive manufacturing technologies have been enhanced throughout the years yet have surprised the manufacturing industry due to their high-end surface finish and dimensional accuracy. Different experiments have been done to identify a specific phenomenon known in the vat-polymerization field. Distortion and dimensional inaccuracy tend to affect the overall properties of the process, either physical or chemical. This approach allows the understanding of how the physical properties have been affected and how to study the chemical properties to avoid this type of phenomenon. The chemical reaction between polymer and UV light has been studied and experimented with to the point that …

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Investigations Of A Surrogate Fuel Based On Fischer-Tropsch Gtl And Ctl In Cvcc, Idi And Di Compression Ignition Engines, Amanda C. Weaver Jan 2023

Investigations Of A Surrogate Fuel Based On Fischer-Tropsch Gtl And Ctl In Cvcc, Idi And Di Compression Ignition Engines, Amanda C. Weaver

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

With the increase in availability, feedstocks, and properties of alternative fuels, compatibility issues emerge between current engine platforms often requiring a limit on the blend percentage of alternative fuel in conventional fuel or alteration to the engine platform. Two key metrics were identified, autoignition quality and lubrication characteristics, as vital for the proper function of a compression ignition engine, and if the blend of alternative fuels matches these two criteria for the diesel standard, then the resulting blend percentage can be considered as a viable alternative for complete replacement of conventional petroleum ULSD. Autoignition quality was matched using blends S-8, …

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Distillery, Clare Nicholas, Patrick Hanlon Jan 2023

Distillery, Clare Nicholas, Patrick Hanlon

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The goal for this project is to make a cost effective still. We will be implementing cost saving parts to create a cheap but effective still. From initial research conducted, we will try to combine a stainless steel still and copper still together so that the cheaper material (stainless steel) and the component that removes sulfur compounds (copper) are both implemented. The ME side of the project will focus on the actual design and construction of the parts that will be implemented into the still. Included in the design process will be calculations of heat transfer for the current and …

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Lead Acid Battery Recycling In The Current Tanzania Industrialization Drive: Challenges And Opportunities, Divina D. Kaombe Dec 2022

Lead Acid Battery Recycling In The Current Tanzania Industrialization Drive: Challenges And Opportunities, Divina D. Kaombe

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

ABSTRACT Advancements in automotive technologies, Information and Communications Technology and renewable energy technologies have increased the use of lead acid batteries as a source of portable and rechargeable energy. This has considerably increased the number of spent batteries with adverse effects on the environment and human health; which calls for recycling of spent batteries. This work was conducted to investigate challenges facing the formal business of recycling spent batteries and potential manufacturers of new lead-acid batteries in Tanzania. The work involved collection of information from key stakeholders such as collectors, dealers, Tanzania Revenue Authority and recyclers. It was found out …

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Properties Of (Cd, Zn)S Films Deposited By Dc Co-Sputtering, Lwitiko P. Mwakyusa Dec 2022

Properties Of (Cd, Zn)S Films Deposited By Dc Co-Sputtering, Lwitiko P. Mwakyusa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

CdS thin film is commonly used as a buffer layer in most thin film solar cells. However, the buffer layer with less absorption in the visible region of the solar spectrum as well as that which provides perfect lattice matching with the absorbers is required. The incorporation of Zn in the CdS films can affect the structural and optical properties of the buffer layer. In this work, films of CdS and (Cd,Zn)S films were deposited by DC sputtering utilizing CdS and Zn targets. The concentration of Zn in the CdS was varied by changing the sputtering power of the Zn …

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Synthesis, Characterisation And Catalytic Evaluation Of Castor Oil-Templated Mesoporous Sulfated Solid Acid Catalysts For Esterification Reaction, Steven Nyandoro Pr Dec 2022

Synthesis, Characterisation And Catalytic Evaluation Of Castor Oil-Templated Mesoporous Sulfated Solid Acid Catalysts For Esterification Reaction, Steven Nyandoro Pr

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

In bio-refinery and other catalytic reactions, heterogeneous catalysts confer advantage over homogenous catalysts due to minimized recovery and separation costs. However, templating surfactant and solid support for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts ought to consider their cheap sources and environmentally friendliness for their sustainable use. Thus, with the vision to make the process significantly benign, in the present work, solid acids were synthesised from renewable sources (castor oil as surfactant and rice husk as the source of silica). The synthesised castor oil-templated mesoporous sulfonic acid modified catalysts (SO3H-MTS and SO3H-MT-RHS) were characterised and evaluated for catalytic esterification of acetic acid …

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Optimization Of Pulsed Laser Deposition Parameters For Single Crystalline (011) Oriented Tetragonal Pzt Thin Films, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa Dec 2022

Optimization Of Pulsed Laser Deposition Parameters For Single Crystalline (011) Oriented Tetragonal Pzt Thin Films, Mahamudu H. Mtebwa

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Recent advances in nanotechnology applications require the processing of high-quality thin films. A systematic study of the optimization of Pulsed deposition parameters for (110) oriented tetragonal PZT thin films is reported in this work. Prior to film deposition, a highly tetragonal Pb(Zr0.5, Ti0.95) or PZT 05/95 was selected to be deposited on (110) oriented Strontium titanate, SrTiO3 substrate, STO(110) to insure small compressive misfit strain. Unlike SRO, the LSOM bottom electrode was then successfully grown at 620 °C, 1.0 J/cm2 and a target-substrate distance of 3.9 cm. Finally, deposition parameters of PZT were progressively optimized through monitoring film morphological changes. …

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Damage Stability Study Of A 500 Dw Ro-Ro Ferry Vessel, Zulfaidah Ariany, Budhi Santoso, Sarwoko Sarwoko, Nauval Abdurrahman Prasetyo Dec 2022

Damage Stability Study Of A 500 Dw Ro-Ro Ferry Vessel, Zulfaidah Ariany, Budhi Santoso, Sarwoko Sarwoko, Nauval Abdurrahman Prasetyo

Makara Journal of Technology

The development of the crossing transportation industry is currently increasing in the island areas. The use of Ro-Ro type ferry boats is extremely efficient in moving people, goods, and vehicles. The current research focuses on the damage stability of the 500 DWT Ro-Ro ferry, which aims to meet the needs of the Ro-Ro ferry in the archipelago area. The previously existing initial design of a barge hull with a main size Lpp = 40.15 m, B = 12 m, H = 3.2 m, and T = 2.15 m was used to analyze the damage stability condition further. First, the drawings …

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Comparative Analysis Of Injection Of Pyrolysis Oil From Plastics And Gasoline Into The Engine Cylinder And Atomization By A Direct High-Pressure Injector, Magdalena Szwaja, Jeffrey Naber, David Shonnard, Daniel G. Kulas, Ali Zolghadr, Stanislaw Szwaja Dec 2022

Comparative Analysis Of Injection Of Pyrolysis Oil From Plastics And Gasoline Into The Engine Cylinder And Atomization By A Direct High-Pressure Injector, Magdalena Szwaja, Jeffrey Naber, David Shonnard, Daniel G. Kulas, Ali Zolghadr, Stanislaw Szwaja

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The article discusses the results of experimental studies on the course of pyrolysis oil injection through the high-pressure injector of a direct-injection engine. The pyrolysis oil used for the tests was derived from waste plastics (mainly high-density polyethylene—HDPE). This oil was then distilled. The article also describes the production technology of this pyrolysis oil on a laboratory scale. It presents the results of the chemical composition of the raw pyrolysis oil and the oil after the distillation process using GC-MS analysis. Fuel injection tests were carried out for the distilled pyrolysis oil and a 91 RON gasoline in order to …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Hybrid Catalysts For Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel Production, Jack M. Steinagel Dec 2022

Synthesis And Characterization Of Hybrid Catalysts For Fischer-Tropsch Jet Fuel Production, Jack M. Steinagel

Honors College Theses

Climate change is a major issue that our world is facing today. Finding renewable options for current infrastructure is paramount to solving this issue. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of syngas from gasified biomass can produce renewable fuels that can be used in current conventional combustion engines. In order to make this process more industrially viable, a higher selectivity towards the desired range of liquid hydrocarbon products must be achieved. A novel way to do this is to introduce a catalyst to the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The catalyst’s physical and chemical properties can promote chain growth of specific hydrocarbons. For the purpose of this …

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Performance Comparison Of Several Control Algorithms For Tracking Control Of Pantograph Mechanism, Laylaa Mahmoud Eng, Mohamed Shamseldin Dr, Mohamed Sallam Dr, Abdelghany Mohamed Prof Nov 2022

Performance Comparison Of Several Control Algorithms For Tracking Control Of Pantograph Mechanism, Laylaa Mahmoud Eng, Mohamed Shamseldin Dr, Mohamed Sallam Dr, Abdelghany Mohamed Prof

Future Engineering Journal

A sort of parallel manipulator known as a pantograph robot mechanism was created primarily for industrial requests that required high precision and satisfied speed. While tracking a chosen trajectory profile requires a powerful controller. Because it has four active robot links and one robot passive link in place of just two links like the open chain does, it can carry more loads than the open chain robot mechanism while maintaining accuracy and stability. The calculated model for a closed chain pantograph robot mechanism presented in this paper takes into account the boundary conditions. For the purpose of simulating the dynamics …

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Relative Rate Observer Self-Tuning Of Fuzzy Pid Virtual Inertia Control For An Islanded Microgrid, Ahmed H. Mohamed, Helmy M. El Zoghby, Mohiy Bahgat, A. M. Abdel Ghany Nov 2022

Relative Rate Observer Self-Tuning Of Fuzzy Pid Virtual Inertia Control For An Islanded Microgrid, Ahmed H. Mohamed, Helmy M. El Zoghby, Mohiy Bahgat, A. M. Abdel Ghany

Future Engineering Journal

Expanding the usage of renewable energy in islanded microgrids leads to a reduction in its total inertia. Low inertia microgrids have difficulties in voltage and frequency control. That affected saving its stability and preventing a blackout. To improve low inertia islanded microgrids' dynamic response and save their stability, this paper presented relative rate observer self-tuning fuzzy PID (RROSTF-PID) based on virtual inertia control (VIC) for an islanded microgrid with a high renewable energy sources (RESs) contribution. RROSTF-PID based on VIC's success in showing remarkable improvement in the microgrid's dynamic response and enhancement of its stability. Moreover, it handles different contingency …

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Extraction Of Cellulose Nanocrystals From Secondary Paper Waste And Their Use In Paper Production, E A. Egamberdiev, S K. Norboyev Oct 2022

Extraction Of Cellulose Nanocrystals From Secondary Paper Waste And Their Use In Paper Production, E A. Egamberdiev, S K. Norboyev

Technical science and innovation

Cellulose nanocrystals were obtained by hydrolysis process from waste paper industry. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for nanocellulose showed that no new chemical bonds were formed during the preparation of nanocellulose. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that the crystallinity of the macules produced in the treated and untreated paper industry was 66% and 73.8%, respectively. The results of nanocellulose revealed a natural needle-like fiber with a length of 300 nm to 600 nm, a diameter of 10 nm to 30 nm, and an aspect ratio in the range of 10 to 60. It was found that …

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Accurate Predictions Of Thermoset Resin Glass Transition Temperatures From All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Gregory Odegard, Sagar Patil, Prashik Gaikwad, Prathamesh Deshpande, Aaron Krieg, Sagar P. Shah, Aspen Reyes, Tarik Dickens, Julia A. King, Marianna Maiaru Sep 2022

Accurate Predictions Of Thermoset Resin Glass Transition Temperatures From All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Gregory Odegard, Sagar Patil, Prashik Gaikwad, Prathamesh Deshpande, Aaron Krieg, Sagar P. Shah, Aspen Reyes, Tarik Dickens, Julia A. King, Marianna Maiaru

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

To enable the design and development of the next generation of high-performance composite materials, there is a need to establish improved computational simulation protocols for accurate and efficient prediction of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of thermoset resins. This is especially true for the prediction of glass transition temperature (Tg), as there are many discrepancies in the literature regarding simulation protocols and the use of cooling rate correction factors for predicting values using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate accurate prediction the Tg with MD without the use of cooling rate correction factors and …

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A Cfd-Based Scaling Analysis On Liquid And Paint Droplets Moving Through A Weak Concurrent Airflow Stream, Masoud Arabghahestani, Nelson Akafuah, Tianxiang Li, Kozo Saito Sep 2022

A Cfd-Based Scaling Analysis On Liquid And Paint Droplets Moving Through A Weak Concurrent Airflow Stream, Masoud Arabghahestani, Nelson Akafuah, Tianxiang Li, Kozo Saito

Progress in Scale Modeling, an International Journal

We conducted volume of fluids (VOF) multiphase model numerical simulations to obtain the interaction among all the major governing forces identified in our previous paper. Our numerical experiments are intended to assess the droplet generation process and the jetting behavior by providing specific input conditions, offering CFD as a tool to study scaling correlations instead of physical experiments. Water droplets that can represent waterborne paints were generated by piezo-generated sinusoidal waveforms at the inlet of the nozzle. The governing forces included the external piezo-based wave-generation force, the inertial force of droplets, the inertial force of air, the viscose force of …

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Effect Of Degradation Of Methylene Blue Dye (Mb) By Using Erbium Oxide (Er2o3) Nps, Hind Ahmed Jasim, Farah Farman Abbass, Sarah A. Hamood, Hind Mohammed Hassan, Mohammed Sellab Hamza Sep 2022

Effect Of Degradation Of Methylene Blue Dye (Mb) By Using Erbium Oxide (Er2o3) Nps, Hind Ahmed Jasim, Farah Farman Abbass, Sarah A. Hamood, Hind Mohammed Hassan, Mohammed Sellab Hamza

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In an experiment investigating the photo catalytic degradation of methylene blue using varied concentrations of Er2O3 nanoparticles, different conditions were tested including with and without sunshine, as well as in the absence of a UV source. The presence of a UV source was also considered in the research. UV-Visible spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the catalysts. The degradation of methylene blue dye was monitored by spectrophotometry by tracking dye absorbance at regular time intervals and adjusting the dye concentration. The results indicated that the most effective degradation of methylene blue dye occurred during a 5-hour irradiation time and in the …

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Architecture Between Development And Ability Programs, Allaa Ahmed Rasheed, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Sep 2022

Architecture Between Development And Ability Programs, Allaa Ahmed Rasheed, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The development of architecture and its pursuit of perfection can only be achieved through society to reach a specific result when meeting new desires that arise as a result of human development, expanding individual and societal needs, and deepening their relationships in multifaceted ways. The research focuses on development as it requires a clear cumulative vision of the integrative relationship between practice and participation in interpreting the act (effect) from the force (influence). It emphasizes that the power of capabilities is understood through learning and education in describing the capabilities of architecture. This involves adopting new ideas and intellectual premises …

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The Designing Of Contemporary Teaching- Learning Spaces According To Interactive Flow Action Local School Spaces-A Case Study, Aseel Jasem Al-Ataby, Anwar Subhi Ramadan Al-Qaraghuli Sep 2022

The Designing Of Contemporary Teaching- Learning Spaces According To Interactive Flow Action Local School Spaces-A Case Study, Aseel Jasem Al-Ataby, Anwar Subhi Ramadan Al-Qaraghuli

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The world today faces many challenges related to environmental issues, as well as other social and economic challenges, and in light of intellectual, cognitive, and technical transformations, which led to the emergence of many new phenomena and concepts that correspond to them, including the concept of flow. This concept has been associated with many aspects of life, including architecture, whose importance has emerged recently in light of the challenge of the spread of the Corona virus and its effects on architecture with its residential, educational, and other spaces. This research focuses on the flow in the architectural space in general, …

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A New Compact Triple-Band Micro-Strip Monopole Antenna Based On Minkowski Fractal Geometry, Hayder S. Ahmed, Zahra' Salah Ahmed, Sarah A. Hamood, Mohammed Sellab Hamza, Taha A. Elwi Sep 2022

A New Compact Triple-Band Micro-Strip Monopole Antenna Based On Minkowski Fractal Geometry, Hayder S. Ahmed, Zahra' Salah Ahmed, Sarah A. Hamood, Mohammed Sellab Hamza, Taha A. Elwi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Wireless communication systems have made significant advancements in size reduction, with antenna terminals remaining a primary challenge for system compatibility. As a result, much of industrial research is focused on antenna miniaturization in wireless systems. In this work, a novel compact Triple-Band Fractal (TBF) antenna is proposed, utilizing three coupling fractal patches with varying iteration levels of Minkowski geometry to provide three resonant bands. The antenna design is implemented using an antenna substrate with a dielectric constant of 10.8 and a thickness of 1.27 mm within the CST Microwave Studio environment. The zero iteration patch resonator is responsible for the …

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The Role Of Community Participation In The Architectural Production, Allaa Ahmed Rasheed, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Sep 2022

The Role Of Community Participation In The Architectural Production, Allaa Ahmed Rasheed, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The role of community participation as a power in building architectural output at the level of the act of thinking in architecture and the design process in non-existence is related to power and presence with act. The research is concerned with expanding knowledge in the direction of the holistic language and searching for the role that builds the privacy of the architectural product versus the community's societal identity. It studies the concept of act within the limits of existence at the level of community participation since the act of architecture is the act of man to meet certain needs and …

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The Communicative Deviation In Contemporary Architectural Production, Haneen Hosham Abd-Alrahman, Panrizat Q. Hussein Fehmi Sep 2022

The Communicative Deviation In Contemporary Architectural Production, Haneen Hosham Abd-Alrahman, Panrizat Q. Hussein Fehmi

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Deviation is one of the most important concepts discussed in various architectural and non-architectural theses when addressing the topic of creative production. It involves breaking away from the familiar and surpassing established architectural rules to create unique and excellent products that are characterized by their creativity and aesthetic appeal. Recognizing the significance of this concept in shaping contemporary architectural production, the research endeavors to explore the concept of connective displacement in architecture and delve into its essential aspects. The research identifies the research problem as the "cognitive deficiency surrounding connective displacement in the semantic structures embedded in architecture." The objective …

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Developed Rc4 Algorithm With Double Reverse For Better Data Protect, Fouad Sahib Muhamed Alkhazraji Sep 2022

Developed Rc4 Algorithm With Double Reverse For Better Data Protect, Fouad Sahib Muhamed Alkhazraji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Computer security plays a crucial role in protecting users' data, and cryptographic techniques are commonly used for this purpose. Encryption is a method employed to ensure data confidentiality, whether it is stored on hard drives or transferred through various media. RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4) is a cryptographic algorithm that utilizes the same key for both encryption and decryption processes. It falls under the category of stream ciphers, which are widely utilized in numerous protocols due to their flexibility and speed. RC4 employs XOR (exclusive OR) function to implement its encryption and decryption steps. In this paper, a technique known as …

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