Chemical Engineering Commons^™

Anode Electrodeposition Of Ti/Mno2 Electrode And Electrocatalytic Oxidization Properties Of Phenol Degradation, Ye Chen, Wen-Li Zhao, Qing Wen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Ti-base manganese dioxide (Ti/MnO₂) electrode was prepared by anodically electrodeposition technology in this paper. The structure of the electrode, the microstructure of the electrode surface and the element composition of the electrode were analyzed by XRD, SEM and EDS. The preparation process parameters of the electrode were studied in detail with the help of the V~logi curve and phenol degradation curve. The Ti/MnO₂ electrode was anodically electrodeposited at current density 4mA•cm^-2, the Mn^{2 +} ions concentration 0.5mol•L^-1 and temperature70℃. The V~logi curve and phenol degradation curve were used to evaluate electrocatalytic oxidization properties …

Self-Assembling Organic Semiconductors With Tunable Electronic Properties Based On Novel Asymmetric Phenazine And Bisphenazine, Kyoungmi Jang

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Current demands in the area of organic semiconductors focus on both electronic and self-assembling properties. Particularly, one-dimensionally grown nanostructures of small organic semiconductors have drawn much attention for nanodevice fabrication. Self-assembly through various intermolecular interactions has been widely used to produce one-dimensionally grown nanostructures which can be induced by various methods such as rapid solution dispersion, a phase transfer method, vapor annealing, crystallization, and organogelation in conjunction with proper molecular design. Controlling the morphology of the nanostructures plays an important role in achieving desirable properties in optoelectronic device applications. While significant advancements have been made in developing molecular architectures for …

Predicting Homo And Lumo Energy Gaps For Organic Semi-Conductor: A Theoretical Study, Padtaya Pukpayat

Festival of Communities: UG Symposium (Posters)

This poster presents a theoretical approach for characterizing the electronic properties of novel electron-deficient organic semiconductors containing variety of electron donor substituents. In treating these compounds, the following questions will be addressed: What effects to the bandgap will each substituent have? Will any of the substituents lower the band gap to the desired range for solar cell applications(<2.0eV)? Can we use the current, inexpensive and tractable computational methods as a predictive tool for guiding future experimental design of organic based solar cells, rather than depending solely on experimental procedures?

Absorption Of Carbon Dioxide In Methylamino Ethanol., Hawar A. M. Haider

Student Works (2010-2019)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the most significant greenhouse gases as its emissions are currently responsible for over 70% of the enhanced greenhouse effect. One of the common techniques used to remove CO2 from flue gas streams, is absorption by aqueous alkanolamine solutions. Aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA), and aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solutions are the most widely used alkanolamine absorbents. The former is preferred for its low molecular weight, high reactivity, low cost and reasonable thermal stability while the latter is known for its higher loading capacity (mole of CO2/mole of amine), less regeneration energy, and high resistance to thermal and …

Synthesis Of Mesoporous Nickel Oxide For Supercapacitor Application, Xuan-Xuan Chen, Zhen-Zhen Zhao, Deng-Chao Wang, Zhong-Jie Huang, Wen-Bin Ni, Li Yu, Jian-Wei Zhao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Mesoporous nickel oxide has been synthesized by calcining metal-organic coordination precursor.Transmission electron microscopy and BET test showed that the prepared NiO had a regular morphology and displayed a narrow size distribution.Electrochemical tests revealed that such mesoporous NiO had a specific capacity of 72 F·g^-1 at the current of 2.0 A·g^-1.Futhermore,the material showed excellent cycle-life stability.There was no degradation of capacitance after 1000 cycles.

Novel Anion Exchange Membranes Base On Copolymer Of 2-(Diethylamino) Ethyl Methacrylate And Fluoro-Polyacrylate For Alkaline Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Yan-Mei Zhang, Jun Fang, Ge Yan, Yong-Ze Zhuang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells,which use anion exchange membranes as polyelectrolytes,have attracted more and more research interests recently.In this work,a series of hydroxyl-conducting anion-exchange membranes based on the copolymer of 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate and fluoro-polyacrylate were prepared by radical polymerization,and their potential applications in alkaline fuel cells were assessed.It was shown that the ionic conductivity of the membranes reached 10^-2 S·cm^-1 at room temperature,while the methanol permeability was lower than 10^-7 cm²·s^-1.The maximum power density of fuel cell assembled with this membrane was achieved to be 43.2 mW·cm^-2 at room temperature,indicating possible application …

A Titanium-Supported Nanoporous Pd Electrocatalyst For Methanol Oxidation, Feng-Juan Niu, Qing-Feng Yi

Journal of Electrochemistry

Titanium-supported nanoporous palladium electrode(nanoPd /Ti) was prepared by a hydrothermal process in the presence of the ligand EDTA and using formaldehyde as reducing agent.SEM images showed that the size of Pd particles was about 60 nm and the Pd particles were connected with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure.Cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were applied to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the nanoPd/Ti electrode towards methanol oxidation in alkaline solution.CV results showed that the nanoPd /Ti electrode presented high anodic peak densities and a low onset potential for methanol oxidation.Also nanoPd /Ti electrode showed excellent CO tolerance …

Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Hydrazine At Rutin Carbon Nanotubes Modified Electrode, Hong-Fang Zhang, Qing-Lin Sheng, Jian-Bin Zheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine on rutin multiwall carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry.The experimental results indicated that the electrode exhibits good electrocatalytic activity to hydrazine at a reduced oxidation potential of 262 mV.The amperometric response of the modified electrode showed linear increase after successive addition of hydrazine in the concentration range of 2.5×10^-6~1.0×10^-4 mol·L-1 with a detection limit of 5×10^-7 mol·L^-1.

Electrooxidation Of Methanol On Multilayer Films Of Polypyrrole-Platinum Electrode, Ling Zhang, Long-Zhen Zheng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Multilayer films of polypyrrole-platinum electrode were fabricated by cyclic voltammetric technique.Electro-oxidation of methanol on this electrode was investigated with the aid of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.Results demonstrated that the multilayer of polypyrrole-platinum electrode behaved better electrocatalytic performance for electro-oxidaton of methanol and better poison resistant.Furthermore,with the increase of deposited platinum loadings,the rate controlling step on electro-oxidation reaction of methanol was changed from CO oxidation to sorption-desorption of hydrogen.

Electrochemical Deposition Of Zinc Oxide Crystal Whiskers, Peng-Zeng Lu, Su Li, Jin-Qian Jia, Zhen-Hai Liang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Pine needle ZnO crystal whiskers were electrodeposited by anodization of zinc foil.The crystal whiskers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) spectroscopy.The results show that the lengths and diameters of ZnO crystal whiskers are 200~300 nm and 20~50 nm,respectively,with the ratio of the length to diameter ranging from 10~15.The whiskers belong to wurtzite ZnO(JCPDS 36-1451) with good crystallinity and high purity.The crystalization behavior of ZnO was studied by cyclic voltammetry.The effects of the surface oxide layer at the zinc substrates and the [Zn(OH)₄]^2-concentration of the aqueous electrolyte on the formation of zinc oxide whiskers …

Computational Models Of Chemical Systems Inspired By Braess’ Paradox, Dante Lepore, Carl Barratt, Pauline Schwartz

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

Systems chemistry is a new discipline which investigates the interactions within a network of chemical reactions. We have studied several computational models of chemical systems inspired by mathematical paradoxes and have found that even simple systems may behave in a counterintuitive, non-linear manner depending upon various conditions. In the present study, we modeled a set of reactions inspired by one such paradox, Braess’ paradox, an interesting phenomenon whereby the introduction of additional capacity (e.g. pathways) in some simple network systems can lead to an unexpected reduction in the overall flow rate of “traffic” through the system. We devised several chemical …

The Impact Of Driving Conditions On Phev Battery Performance, Nathan Christensen, John Patten, Steven Srivastava, Gary P. Nola

Green Manufacturing Research Journal

The battery performance of a modified Prius with a 5 kWh plug-in battery was documented for a year to determine the impact of environmental conditions and user attributes on vehicle performance.  Both fuel economy and pure electrical efficiency were compared to ambient temperature.  The fuel economy has a positive relationship with ambient temperature until approximately 70˚F where the efficiency begins to drop.  Electrical performance has a positive linear relationship with ambient temperature.  With the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) and PHEVs from a variety of automotive manufacturers, information on EV and PHEV performance for consumers will become more important.

Preparation And Characterizations Of Lithium Titanate (Li4ti5o12)., Nor Aini Alias

Student Works (2010-2019)

Li4Ti5O12 is a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries. This serves as the motivation for the present study. Li4Ti5O12 compound has been obtained through the sol-gel technique. From thermo gravimetric analysis, Li4Ti5O12 is thermally stable at temperatures above 700 oC. Organic compounds are observed to decompose at 600 oC and below. From XRD diffractograms peaks due to Li2TiO3 and anatase TiO2 phases observed, Li4Ti5O12 has a cubic structure. The lattice parameters for all Li4Ti5O12 are sintered at different temperatures and times are approximately 8.3 Å. The discharge capacity of a cell employing Li4Ti5O12 as electrode is ~60 mAh g-1 for …

Extraction Of Chromium From Wastewater By Emulsion Ionic Liquid Membrane., Rahul Kumar Goyal

Student Works (2010-2019)

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been proven to be a competent extraction technology to extract heavy metals or organic compounds from industrial wastewaters. In this process, a prepared emulsion is dispersed into a feed phase which contains the solute to be removed. Single stage operation and less power consumption make this technology more favorable over pressure-driven membrane process and solvent extraction. Despite its comparative advantages, ELM process suffers from emulsion instability and swelling under high shear and stress during extraction, causing breakage in the membrane. The instability and swelling of the emulsion allow extracted solute and internal reagent to mix …

Diffuse-Charge Dynamics Of Ionic Liquids In Electrochemical Systems, Hui Zhao

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

We employ a continuum theory of solvent-free ionic liquids accounting for both short-range electrostatic correlations and steric effects (finite ion size) [Bazant et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 046102 (2011)] to study the response of a model microelectrochemical cell to a step voltage. The model problem consists of a 1-1 symmetric ionic liquid between two parallel blocking electrodes, neglecting any transverse transport phenomena. Matched asymptotic expansions in the limit of thin double layers are applied to analyze the resulting one-dimensional equations and study the overall charge-time relation in the weakly nonlinear regime. One important conclusion is that our …

Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy Of Yh And Yd: Observation Of New A¹Δ And B¹Π Electronic States, R. S. Ram, G. Li, P. F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The emission spectra of YH and YD molecules have been investigated in the 3600–12 000 cm⁻¹ region using a Fourier transform spectrometer. Molecules were formed in an yttrium hollow cathode lamp operated with a continuous flow of a mixture of Ne and Ar gases, and YH and YD were observed together in the same spectra. A group of bands observed near 1 μm have been identified as 0-0 and 1-1 bands of the A¹Δ-X¹Σ⁺ and B¹Π-X¹Σ⁺ transitions of YH and the 0-0 bands of the same two transitions …

Photocatalytic Destruction Of Halogenated Organic Compounds In Water With A New Photocatalyst, Mabruka Hadidan

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

In this research, a newly developed high surface area semiconductor porous material was synthesized from potassium titanium niobium mixed oxide (KTiNbO5) to be used as a photo catalyst in the presence of UV light to degrade halogenated organic compounds in water. The goal of the project was to investigate the catalytic activity of the material for its effectiveness in the degradation of the halogenated organic compounds, and it is the first investigation of this new photocatalyst with halogenated compounds. Model compounds dichloromethane, 1-chlorobutane, chlorobenzene, and trifluoroacetic acid in aqueous solutions were tested with the photocatalyst under ultraviolet light irradiation, using …

Studies On Silicon Nmr Characterization And Kinetic Modeling Of The Structural Evolution Of Siloxane-Based Materials And Their Applications In Drug Delivery And Adsorption, Jyotrhirmai Ambati

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents studies of the synthetic processes and applications of siloxane-based materials. Kinetic investigations of bridged organoalkoxysilanes that are precursors to organic-inorganic hybrid polysilsesquioxanes are a primary focus. Quick gelation despite extensive cyclization is found during the polymerization of bridged silane precursors except for silanes with certain short bridges. This work is an attempt to characterize and understand some of the distinct features of bridged silanes using experimental characterization, kinetic modeling and simulation. In addition to this, the dissertation shows how the properties of siloxane- materials can be engineered for drug delivery and adsorption.

The phase behavior of polymerizing …

Evaluation Of The Physicochemical Properties And Stability Of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Designed For The Delivery Of Dexamethasone To Tumors, Melissa Howard

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

Pre-clinical and clinical trials suggest that pre-treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) may facilitate enhanced uptake of subsequently administered chemotherapeutic agents. To reduce the side effects associated with systemic administration of Dex, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing dexamethasone palmitate (Dex-P) were prepared as a means of achieving tumor-targeted drug delivery. These studies were aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and both the physiological and storage stability of the SLNs.

SLNs were prepared using nanotemplate engineering technology. Stearyl alcohol (SA) was used as the lipid phase with Brij^® 78 and Polysorbate 60 as surfactants and PEG6000 monostearate as a long-chain PEGylating agent. …

Hydrothermal Reduction Synthesis Of Lifepo4 And Its Electrochemical Performance, Hong-Li Zou, Guang-Hui Zhang, Pei-Kang Shen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cathode materials of LiFePO₄ were prepared via a hydrothermal reduction method using FeCl₃ as Fe source and iron as a reducing agent.The results showed that ferric salt could be reduced to ferrous salt completely under the hydrothermal condition and pure-phase LiFePO₄ was obtained based on the test results of XRD and FTIR.Carbon-coated LiFePO₄ was synthesized by pyrolysisng glucose at high temperature.The morphologies of pure LiFePO₄ displayed cluster-like while the LiFePO₄/C displayed sphere-like particles.The electrochemical test showed that the LiFePO₄/C had good rate performance,while LiFePO₄ delivered much lower discharge capacity.

Electrodeposition Of Lead Dioxide From Dluoroborate Solutions, Chun-Mei Kong, Yong-Ming Tang, Wen-Zhong Yang, Xiao-Yuan Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The PbO₂ anodes were prepared on platinum from fluoroborate media and its doped solutions by electrodeposition technique.Elecchemical and pysicochemical properties of these PbO₂ films were studied by cyclic voltammetry methods,XRD and SEM.The results showed that the presence of BF₄-increased PbO₂ electrodeposition rate;the prepared lead dioxide consisted of β-PbO₂;the preferential orientation of crystals and surface morphology were affected a lot by doping F-and Fe³⁺.The FB/F-Fe-PbO₂ electrode exhibited regular-shaped layers with compact morphology.Furthermore,increasing current density also change the preferential orientation of PbO₂ crystals.

The Sol-Gel Synthesis And Electrochemical Performance Of Li3V2(Po4)3/C Cathode Material For Lithium Ion Battery, Li-Ying Liu, Lian Chen, Hai-Yan Zhang, Yu-Chun Zhai

Journal of Electrochemistry

Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C was synthesized by sol-gel method with citric acid as chelate and C sources. Physical and electrochemical performances of as-prepared materials were characterized through XRD, SEM and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests,etc. The results showed that products produced by calcining at 800 ℃ for 12 h had a single phase crystal structure and relatively small particle sizes with uniform distribution. At 0.1 C, 0.5 C and 1 C, the initial specific discharge capacities were 153.0, 143.1 and 130.6 mAh·g^-1, respectively, and capacity efficiencies were 93.1%, 85.4% and 77.3% after 50 cycles, respectively. …

Effects Of Solvents And Electrolyte Salts On The Electrochemical Reduction Of Oxygen In Non-Aqueous Electrolytes, Yan-Yan Tian, Wei Wu, Jun Gao, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical reduction processes of oxygen in different non-aqueous solvents such as acetonitrile(MeCN),propylene carbonate(PC) and their mixtures were investigated by cyclic voltammetry method.The results indicated a one electron reduction of oxygen to O^2-occured in these systems as a first step reduction,no matter whether in tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate(TBAPF₆)/MeCN or TBAPF₆/PC electrolyte.However,the CV curves in 0.1 mol·L^-1 TBAPF₆/MeCN showed a couple of reversible redox peaks,indicating that the reduction process of oxygen was irreversible in the 0.1 mol·L^-1 TBAPF₆/PC electrolyte.In the PC-based electrolyte,the reduction current peak reduced largely and the oxidation peak …

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Sneha Reddy Kuthuru

All Capstone Projects

Recent clinical studies have shown the importance of folate receptor in drug delivery system as they increase the potency and reduce toxicity of many cancer therapies. The folate receptor alpha ( FR-a) binds with high affinity for folic acid and serves for receptor mediated transport of folate into cells. Folate is necessary for DNA metabolism and thus it is speculated that rapidly dividing cancer cells have an increased requirement for folic acid. It is known that FR-a levels are elevated in specific malignant diseases (solid tumors, leukemia) and thus the FR receptor serves as useful targeting moiety for the diagnosis …

2,2′,5,5′-Tetra­Chloro­Benzidine, Onome Ugono, Marcel Douglas Jr, Nigam P. Rath, Alicia M. Beatty

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

An In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Study On Alcohols Electrocatalytic Oxidation At Pd Electrode In Acidic Solution, Hai-Ping Huang, Lian-Qin Wang, Pei-Kang Shen

Journal of Electrochemistry

The methanol and ethylene glycol electrooxidation on palladium electrode in acidic solution has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroelectrochemistry. It shows that the oxidation of methanol and ethylene glycol at Pd electrode cannot proceed until over 1.5 V in acidic and neutral media. The overpotential decreases and the peak current density increases with the reduction in pH values. The formation of the oxygen-containing species significantly affects the alcohol oxidation on Pd electrode. The in situ FTIR spectroscopic measurements show that the oxidation products of ethylene glycol on Pd electrode are CO₂ and oxalic …

Electrooxidation Of Carbon Monoxide On Pd Thin Film-Coated Au Electrodes: Film Thickness Dependence, Yuqing Yang, Shouzhong Zou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The adsorption and electrooxidation of CO on Pd-coated Au electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) . It is found that CO oxidation activity is film thickness dependent. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) showed that CO oxidation peak potential shifted positively with the increase of the Pd thickness. SERS showed a redshift of the C—O stretching frequency with increasing Pd film thickness. These observations were explained by the dband theory. The strain effect strengthens CO adsorption and stabilizes adsorbed CO,while the ligand effect weakens CO adsorption and eases its oxidation. The ligand effect overpowers the strain effect.

Comparative Study Of Nanoporous Pt, Ptru And Ptruir Catalysts Using Electrochemical Ftir Spectroscopy, M. Amussen Robert, Holt-Hindle Peter, Nigro Samantha, Aicheng Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

In recent years much effort has been put towards developing efficient Pt-based electrocatalysts for applications in fuel cells. With the rising cost of precious metals such as Pt,the need to enhance the activity and to decrease the load of catalysts is prominent. Herein we report on the synthesis and comparative study of nanoporous Pt,PtRu and PtRuIr electrocatalysts. The nanoporous electrodes were fabricated using a hydrothermal method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ,energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) ,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) . The electrocatalytic activity of the fabricated nanopo- rous materials was evaluated using both CO …

Studies Of Oxidation Processes Of Adsorbed And Solution Co On Pt(110) Electrode By Cyclic Voltammetry And In Situ Ftirs, Li Tian, Jun-Tao Li, Jin-Yu Ye, Chun-Hua Zhen, Shi-Gang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

The oxidation processes of adsorbed CO (COad) and solution phase CO (COsol) on Pt(110) electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in-situ FTIR spectroscopy. It has revealed that in comparison with COad on Pt(110) in a CO-free solution,the oxidation current peak of COsol in a CO-saturated solution is positively shifted ca. 168 mV,and the peak current density has been increased by 6. 70 times. Linear adsorbed CO (COL) is determined by in-situ FTIR spectroscopy as the main species,which is uniformly distributed on Pt (110) surface. In a CO-free solution,the onset potential of COL is measured by in-situ FTIRS ca. 0. …

2,4,6-Tri­Phenyl­Aniline, Onome Ugono, Stephanie Cowin, Alicia M. Beatty

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

No abstract provided.