Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons^™

Unique Electron Polarimeter Analyzing Power Comparison And Precision Spin-Based Energy Measurement, J. Grames, C. K. Sinclair, J. Mitchell, E. Chudakov, H. Fenker, A. Freyberger, D.W. Higinbotham, M. Poelker, M. Steigerwald, M. Tiefenback, C. Cavata, S. Escoffier, F. Marie, T. Pussieux, P. Vernin, S. Danagoulian, V. Dharmawardane, R. Fatemi, K. Joo, M. Zeier, V. Gorbenko, R. Nasseripour, B. Raue, R. Suleiman, B. Zihlmann

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Precision measurements of the relative analyzing powers of five electron beam polarimeters, based on Compton, Møller, and Mott scattering, have been performed using the CEBAF accelerator at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Laboratory). A Wien filter in the 100 keV beam line of the injector was used to vary the electron spin orientation exiting the injector. High statistical precision measurements of the scattering asymmetry as a function of the spin orientation were made with each polarimeter. Since each polarimeter receives beam with the same magnitude of polarization, these asymmetry measurements permit a high statistical precision comparison of the …

Spin- And Angle-Resolved Spectroscopy Of S 2P Photoionization In The Hydrogen Sulfide Molecule, G. Turri, G. Snell, B. Langer, M. Martins, E. Kukk, S. E. Canton, R. C. Bilodeau, N. Cherepkov, John D. Bozek, A. L. D. Kilcoyne, N. Berrah

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Angle- and spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with circularly and linearly polarized synchrotron radiation were used to study the electronic structure of the hydrogen sulfide molecule. A strong effect of the molecular environment appears in the spin-resolved measurements and, although less clearly, in the angular distribution of the sulfur 2 p photoelectrons. The anisotropy and spin parameters of the three main spectral components have been obtained. The validity of simple atomic models in explaining the results is discussed.

Methodology For Estimating Removable Quantities Of Agricultural Residues For Bioenergy And Bioproduct Use, Richard Nelson, Marie Walsh, John Sheehan, Robin Graham

United States Department of Energy: Publications

A methodology was developed to estimate quantities of crop residues that can be removed while maintaining rain or wind erosion at less than or equal to the tolerable soil-loss level. Six corn and wheat rotations in the 10 largest corn-producing states were analyzed. Residue removal rates for each rotation were evaluated for conventional, mulch/reduced, and no-till field operations. The analyses indicated that potential removable maximum quantities range from nearly 5.5 million dry metric t/yr for a continuous corn rotation using conventional till in Kansas to more than 97 million dry metric t/yr for a corn-wheat rotation using no-till in Illinois.

Statistical Procedures For Evaluating Daily And Monthly Hydrologic Model Predictions, Marilyn E. Coffey, Stephen R. Workman, Joseph L. Taraba, Alex W. Fogle

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The overall study objective was to evaluate the applicability of different qualitative and quantitative methods for comparing daily and monthly SWAT computer model hydrologic streamflow predictions to observed data, and to recommend statistical methods for use in future model evaluations. Statistical methods were tested using daily streamflows and monthly equivalent runoff depths. The statistical techniques included linear regression, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, nonparametric tests, t-test, objective functions, autocorrelation, and cross-correlation. None of the methods specifically applied to the non-normal distribution and dependence between data points for the daily predicted and observed data. Of the tested methods, median objective functions, sign test, autocorrelation, …

Copper Sorption Mechanisms On Smectites, Daniel G. Strawn, Noel E. Palmer, Luca J. Furnare, Carmen Goodell, James E. Amonette, Ravi K. Kukkadapu

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Due to the importance of clay minerals in metal sorption, many studies have attempted to derive mechanistic models that describe adsorption processes. These models often include several different types of adsorption sites, including permanent charge sites and silanol and aluminol functional groups on the edges of clay minerals. To provide a basis for development of adsorption models it is critical that molecular-level studies be done to characterize sorption processes. In this study we conducted X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic experiments on copper (II) sorbed on smectite clays using suspension pH and ionic strength as …

Geomicrobiology Of High-Level Nuclear Waste-Contaminated Vadose Sediments At The Hanford Site, Washington State, James K. Fredrickson, John M. Zachara, David L. Balkwill, David Kennedy, Shu-Mei W. Li, Heather M. Kostandarithes, Michael J. Daly, Margaret F. Romine, Fred J. Brockman

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Sediments from a high-level nuclear waste plume were collected as part of investigations to evaluate the potential fate and migration of contaminants in the subsurface. The plume originated from a leak that occurred in 1962 from a waste tank consisting of high concentrations of alkali, nitrate, aluminate, Cr(VI), ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁹⁹Tc. Investigations were initiated to determine the distribution of viable microorganisms in the vadose sediment samples, probe the phylogeny of cultivated and uncultivated members, and evaluate the ability of the cultivated organisms to survive acute doses of ionizing radiation. The populations of viable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were generally …

Carbon 1s Photoelectron Spectroscopy Of Halomethanes. Effects Of Electronegativity, Hardness, Charge Distribution, And Relaxation, T. Darrah Thomas, Leif J. Saethre, Knut J. Børve, John D. Bozek, Marko Huttula, Edwin Kukk

United States Department of Energy: Publications

Carbon 1s ionization energies have been measured for 12 halomethanes. These together with earlier measurements provide 27 compounds for investigating the relationship between core-ionization energies and the electronegativity and hardness of the halogens. The ionization energies correlate nearly linearly with the sum of the electronegativities of the halogens attached to the central carbon. Both electronegativity and hardness play important roles in determining the ionization energy, and it is found that the linear relationship between ionization energy and electronegativity arises from an interplay of the electronegativity and hardness of the halogens and the length and ionicity of the carbon-halogen bond.

In Situ Characterization Of Aluminum-Containing Mineral-Microorganism Aqueous Suspensions Using Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy, Tae Hyun Yoon, Stephen B. Johnson, Karim Benzerara, Colin S. Doyle, Tolek Tyliszczak, David K. Shuh, Gordon E. Brown, Jr.

United States Department of Energy: Publications

In situ characterization of colloidal particles under hydrous conditions is one of the key requirements for understanding their state of aggregation and impact on the transport of pollutants in aqueous environments. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is one of the few techniques that can satisfy this need by providing element- and chemical-state-specific 2-D maps at a spatial resolution better than 50nmusing soft X-rays from synchrotron radiation wiggler or undulator sources tuned to the absorption edges of different elements. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra can also be collected simultaneously at a similar spatial resolution and can provide phase identification in …

Investigation Of A Fuzzy-Neural Network Application In Classification Of Soils Using Ground-Penetrating Radar Imagery, Lameck O. Odhiambo, R. S. Freeland, R. E. Yoder, J. W. Hines

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Errors associated with visual inspection and interpretations of radargrams often inhibit the intensive surveying

of widespread areas using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). To automate the interpretive process, this article presents an

application of a fuzzy-neural network (F-NN) classifier for unsupervised clustering and classification of soil profiles using

GPR imagery. The classifier clusters and classifies soil profile strips along a traverse based on common pattern similarities

that can relate to physical features of the soil (e.g., number of horizons; depth, texture, and structure of the horizons; and

relative arrangement of the horizons, etc.). This article illustrates this classification procedure by its application …