Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Kentucky

Discipline
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type

Articles 451 - 480 of 637

Full-Text Articles in Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering

Drying Considerations For The 1996 Corn Crop, Douglas G. Overhults, Samuel G. Mcneill Jan 1996

Drying Considerations For The 1996 Corn Crop, Douglas G. Overhults, Samuel G. Mcneill

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The com harvest season has already started on some farms and is rapidly approaching for many others. Current market opportunities and previous contractual arrangements have some farmers thinking about starting their harvest earlier than usual. Other factors also suggest that a substantial portion of this year's crop could be harvested at moisture contents between 24 and 32%.

Go to article

Operational Considerations For Harvesting Corn Above 25% Moisture Content, Samuel G. Mcneill, Douglas G. Overhults Jan 1996

Operational Considerations For Harvesting Corn Above 25% Moisture Content, Samuel G. Mcneill, Douglas G. Overhults

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Many of Kentucky's grain farmers are interested in harvesting corn at higher moistures than in recent years because of potential market trends and weather patterns. Corn that was planted early is near maturity in many western KY counties and fortunately, the market is higher than in previous years. Additionally, most elevators are offering premiums between 25 and 50 cents per bushel for corn delivered prior to Sept. 15 this year, so farmers who have drying equipment are poised to take advantage of this rare opportunity. In contrast, late planted corn may be threatened by an early frost, so actually both …

Go to article

Vendors Of Shade Cloth, Cooling Equipment And Geotextile Fabric, Larry W. Turner Jan 1996

Vendors Of Shade Cloth, Cooling Equipment And Geotextile Fabric, Larry W. Turner

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Permitting Procedures For Operation Of Liquid Livestock Waste Handling Facilities, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams Jan 1996

Permitting Procedures For Operation Of Liquid Livestock Waste Handling Facilities, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Owners and operators of livestock waste management facilitates should be aware that livestock wastes have been identified as a source of pollutants in Kentucky streams. In order to protect these water sources a number of laws and regulations have been implemented to restrict the discharge of pollutants from point sources into the waters of the commonwealth. The Division of Water (DOW) is a division of the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet, Department for Environmental Protect ion and operates under authority set forth in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and Kentucky Revised statute 224. The DOW is specifically …

Go to article

Reducing Mud Using Highway-Type Filter Materials, Larry W. Turner Jan 1996

Reducing Mud Using Highway-Type Filter Materials, Larry W. Turner

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Several beef and dairy producers across the country have been successful in dramatically reducing mud problems without resorting to the use of expensive concrete or pavement. A load-bearing material used in the highway industry can be placed in high animal traffic areas, on mounds, around feed bunks and in "transition " areas where animals move onto or off of concrete. The materials are of two basic types; 1) geotextiles, which are a porous filter-type material, and 2) polyethelye-type plastic grid material. Costs for installing the finished surface are about one-third the cost of concrete.

Go to article

Minimum Ventilation For Modern Broiler Facilities, Richard S. Gates, Douglas G. Overhults, Shuhui H. Zhang Jan 1996

Minimum Ventilation For Modern Broiler Facilities, Richard S. Gates, Douglas G. Overhults, Shuhui H. Zhang

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

New functions for whole-house broiler heat production as a function of bird age using modern straight run broiler growth rates are presented and compared to values in the literature. The approximations are based on field measurements of environmental conditions in modern broiler housing, using a technique that matches predicted to actual fuel use to estimate partitioning between latent and sensible heat. Development of a program utilizing these approximations to compute ventilation and heating requirements for temperature and humidity control in broiler housing is described. The program utilizes steady-state heat and moisture balances commonly used for design purposes, with hourly or …

Go to article

Vegetative Filter Strip Design For Grassed Areas Treated With Animal Manures, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr. Jan 1996

Vegetative Filter Strip Design For Grassed Areas Treated With Animal Manures, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) are a low-cost management option that have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing runoff transport of fertilizer constituents applied to grassed areas (pasture or meadow). Runoff quality studies involving fertilizers applied to grassed areas suggest that VFS can be designed by assuming that (1) only infiltration is responsible for pollutant removal, (2) the first post-application runoff event is most important from a water quality perspective (enabling a design event approach), and (3) no pollutant build-up that degrades VFS performance will occur. The purpose of this study was to develop a VFS design algorithm for grassed …

Go to article

A Direct, Approximate Solution To The Modified Green-Ampt Infiltration Equation, Puneet Srivastava, Thomas A. Costello, Dwayne R. Edwards Jan 1996

A Direct, Approximate Solution To The Modified Green-Ampt Infiltration Equation, Puneet Srivastava, Thomas A. Costello, Dwayne R. Edwards

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Accurately predicting the rainfall-runoff process is of vital importance for water quality models as well as for correct design of various types of hydraulic structures. This article presents a method of describing the cumulative infiltration process as an explicit function of time using an approximation to the modified Green-Ampt equation given by Mein and Larson (1971). The resulting equation is helpful in predicting cumulative infiltration and therefore infiltration capacity for computer simulation models. The proposed method takes about 50% less time than the usual iterative technique for the same degree of accuracy. The maximum error due to approximation was 1% …

Go to article

Simulation Of Runoff Transport Of Animal Manure Constituents, Yang Wang, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, H. Don Scott Jan 1996

Simulation Of Runoff Transport Of Animal Manure Constituents, Yang Wang, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, H. Don Scott

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Runoff losses of land-applied animal manure constituents can adversely affect the quality of downstream waters. Reliable mathematical simulation models can help estimate runoff losses of animal manure constituents and identify management measures to reduce these losses. The objective of this study was to develop and calibrate an event-based simulation model to describe the runoff transport of solids (soil and manure particles) and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from areas treated with animal manure. The resulting model, consisting of linked hydrology, soil/manure transport, and nutrient transport components, is process-oriented and uses measurable parameters to the greatest degree possible. The three components of …

Go to article

Quality Of Runoff From Four Northwest Arkansas Pasture Fields Treated With Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, John F. Murdoch, Philip A. Moore Jr. Jan 1996

Quality Of Runoff From Four Northwest Arkansas Pasture Fields Treated With Organic And Inorganic Fertilizer, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, John F. Murdoch, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Long-term land application of animal manures, even at agronomic rates, can promote accumulation of soil phosphorus (P) which can, in turn, contribute to increased P loadings to downstream waters. The objective of this study was to assess the soil and runoff effects of replacing animal manure as a soil amendment with inorganic fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3) on fields that had been treated previously with animal manures. Runoff from two pairs of small fields (0.57 to 1.46 ha) was sampled from September 1991 to April 1994. All fields had been treated previously with animal manures; after runoff …

Go to article

Poultry Litter-Treated Length Effects On Quality Of Runoff From Fescue Plots, Dwayne R. Edwards, Philip A. Moore Jr., Tommy C. Daniel, Puneet Srivastava Jan 1996

Poultry Litter-Treated Length Effects On Quality Of Runoff From Fescue Plots, Dwayne R. Edwards, Philip A. Moore Jr., Tommy C. Daniel, Puneet Srivastava

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Using experimental data and/or mathematical simulation models to identify practices that reduce pollution from manure-treated areas is sometimes perceived as limited by the unknown validity of extrapolating plot-scale data to larger areas and by uncertainties in modeling transport of various pollutants. The objectives of this study were to assess the effect of length of manure treatment on runoff concentrations of poultry litter constituents and to define the modes of transport (particulate versus soluble) for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), and solids. Poultry litter was applied to three 1.5- x 18.3-m fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots with runoff collection …

Go to article

Application Of Simplified Phosphorus Transport Models To Pasture Fields In Northwest Arkansas, Dwayne R. Edwards, C. T. Haan, Andrew N. Sharpley, John F. Murdoch, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr. Jan 1996

Application Of Simplified Phosphorus Transport Models To Pasture Fields In Northwest Arkansas, Dwayne R. Edwards, C. T. Haan, Andrew N. Sharpley, John F. Murdoch, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr.

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Runoff transport of phosphorus (P) is often predicted from simple equations with parameters determined from data applicable primarily to row-cropped and fallow cover conditions. The applicability, accuracy, and precision of such P transport prediction equations under pasture situations are less well defined. The objectives of this study were to determine parameters of simplified runoff P transport equations for pasture fields and to assess the accuracy and precision of the equations. Runoff, sediment yield, soluble P transport, and particulate P transport data were collected from four pasture fields in northwestern Arkansas. Runoff event enrichment ratios and extraction coefficients were computed, and …

Go to article

Development Of A Biologically Based Aerobic Composting Simulation Model, Dennis P. Stombaugh, Sue E. Nokes Jan 1996

Development Of A Biologically Based Aerobic Composting Simulation Model, Dennis P. Stombaugh, Sue E. Nokes

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A relatively simple dynamic model based on microbial process kinetics has been developed for aerobic composting. Differential equations describing microbial, substrate, and oxygen concentrations, as well as moisture and temperature profiles have been derived as a function of vessel size and aeration rate. Microbial biomass growth was described using Monod growth kinetics as a function of degradable substrate concentration, oxygen concentration, moisture content, and compost temperature. Facility and fan operating costs have been included to permit economic optimization of the process. Predicted results demonstrated the ability of the model to quantify and describe the influence of multiple interacting factors (temperature, …

Go to article

Effectiveness Of Vegetative Filter Strips In Controlling Losses Of Surface-Applied Poultry Litter Constituents, Indrajeet Chaubey, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr., D. Jeff Nichols Jan 1995

Effectiveness Of Vegetative Filter Strips In Controlling Losses Of Surface-Applied Poultry Litter Constituents, Indrajeet Chaubey, Dwayne R. Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Philip A. Moore Jr., D. Jeff Nichols

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have been shown to have high potential for reducing nonpoint source pollution from cultivated agricultural source areas, but information from uncultivated source areas amended with poultry litter is limited. Simulated rainfall was used in analyzing effects of VFS length (0, 3.1, 6.1, 9.2, 15.2, and 21.4 m) on quality of runoff from fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plots (1.5 x 24.4 m) amended with poultry litter (5 Mg/ha). The VFS reduced mass transport of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended …

Go to article

Atrazine And Alachlor Dissipation Rates From Field Experiments, Stephen R. Workman, Andrew D. Ward, Norman R. Fausey, Sue E. Nokes Jan 1995

Atrazine And Alachlor Dissipation Rates From Field Experiments, Stephen R. Workman, Andrew D. Ward, Norman R. Fausey, Sue E. Nokes

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Chemical transport is being monitored in the root zone of three agricultural management systems at the Ohio Management Systems Evaluation Area (OMSEA). Atrazine and alachlor concentration data from soil cores taken to a depth of 0.9 m and partitioned into the increments of 0.0 to 0.15, 0.15 to 0.3, 0.45 to 0.6, and 0.75 to 0.9 m show the herbicides remained in the top 0.15 m of the profile during the 1991 and 1992 growing seasons. The slow movement of herbicides was partly due to below normal rainfall during the period. Since the herbicides have not been transported out of …

Go to article

Flood Gates For Agricultural Fences, Larry W. Turner Jan 1995

Flood Gates For Agricultural Fences, Larry W. Turner

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Flood gates are needed wherever fences cross ditches, gullies, and streams. They prevent livestock from swimming or crawling under the fence, and prevent debris from forming a dam that might wash out the fence or back up water to flood fields or other property.

Go to article

Safe Movement Of Farm Equipment On Public Roads, Larry R. Piercy Jan 1995

Safe Movement Of Farm Equipment On Public Roads, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The increasing size of farming operations brings with it an increased movement of equipment on the road. As road travel increases so does the potential for serious highway accidents. The most frequent accidents are collisions with other motor vehicles and loss of control which often leads to tractor over-turns. As an operator of farm equipment, your use of the proper safety equipment and good driving practices will greatly reduce the risk of an accident.

Go to article

Program Guide: Fire Extinguishers: Protection For The Home And Farm, Larry R. Piercy Jan 1995

Program Guide: Fire Extinguishers: Protection For The Home And Farm, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The right kind of fire extinguisher conveniently located and properly used can greatly reduce the potential losses from a fire. However, the user must have a knowledge of the common types of extinguishers, the types of fires for which they are safe and effective and the proper operating procedures.

Go to article

Program Guide: Smoke Detectors Can Save Your Life, Larry R. Piercy Jan 1995

Program Guide: Smoke Detectors Can Save Your Life, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Smoke detectors have the potential of greatly reducing the number of deaths resulting from home fires and at a very reasonable cost to the consumer. Yet some homes still do not have smoke detectors installed or do not have a sufficient number to provide a minimum level of protection.

Go to article

Program Guide: A Home Fire Escape Plan, Larry R. Piercy Jan 1995

Program Guide: A Home Fire Escape Plan, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

A home fire escape plan and regular practice with fire exit drills are essential for protecting a family from the potential disaster of a home fire. When a fire occurs, it is critical that everybody knows what to do, and through practice they have the know-how and confidence to do it.

Go to article

Regional Variation In Temperature Humidity Index For Poultry Housing, Richard S. Gates, Hanzhong Zhang, Donald G. Colliver, Douglas G. Overhults Jan 1995

Regional Variation In Temperature Humidity Index For Poultry Housing, Richard S. Gates, Hanzhong Zhang, Donald G. Colliver, Douglas G. Overhults

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

A building thermal model was used to compute hourly values of temperature humidity index (THI) for a broiler house with and without an evaporative misting system. Hourly summer time weather data for 238 U.S.A. locations covering 30 years were used to develop extreme occurrences of THI. Results were incorporated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) database to create isolines of THI and percentage of hours exceeding a heat stress threshold. Regional variations in misting as a suitable cooling technique are presented in terms of hours reduction in annual heat stress. The technique may be used for assisting in management decisions …

Go to article

Pesticide Application And Handling Technology: Installing A Sprayer Tank Rinse Circuit, G. A. Watkins, Samuel G. Mcneill, S. A. Shearer Jan 1994

Pesticide Application And Handling Technology: Installing A Sprayer Tank Rinse Circuit, G. A. Watkins, Samuel G. Mcneill, S. A. Shearer

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Proper tank rinsing techniques for agricultural sprayers are very important in order to protect against cross-contamination in subsequent loads and to ensure safe disposal of any excess chemicals and rinsate (rinse water). Spray tanks and other sprayer components should be cleaned after each use. In most situations, sprayer rinsate will have to be sprayed out in the field - either onto a reserved strip, or by over-spraying in the treated area (subject to the terms of the product label).

Go to article

Pesticide Application And Handling Technology: Proper Disposal Of Empty Pesticide Containers, G. A. Watkins, Samuel G. Mcneill, S. A. Shearer Jan 1994

Pesticide Application And Handling Technology: Proper Disposal Of Empty Pesticide Containers, G. A. Watkins, Samuel G. Mcneill, S. A. Shearer

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Recycling has become more and more popular as our awareness of environmental concerns grow. These environmental concerns have led to increased participation in recycling efforts among today's farmers. Many farmers throughout Kentucky are now able to recycle their empty plastic pesticide containers (Five gallon or less) due to a statewide Rinse and Return program. Recycling of empty containers provides a safe means of disposal for applicators, reduces landfill space, and protects our valuable water resources.

Go to article

Notes On Wiring Greenhouses For Tobacco Float Plants, Doug Overhults Jan 1994

Notes On Wiring Greenhouses For Tobacco Float Plants, Doug Overhults

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Following are some guidelines for electrical wiring in greenhouses that are being constructed to grow tobacco transplants. A greenhouse is distinctly different from a residence; different wiring practices should be used. This material closely follows the National Electrical Code (NEC) but is not intended to be a complete installation guide. The purpose is to provide some basic suggestions for planning a safe electrical system. Additional details can be found in the "Farm Buildings Wiring Handbook" (MWPS-28) available from the UK Ag. Engineering Plan Service.

Go to article

Two-Tier Partially Enclosed Air-Cure Tobacco Barn, George A. Duncan Jun 1993

Two-Tier Partially Enclosed Air-Cure Tobacco Barn, George A. Duncan

Agricultural Engineering Extension Publications

With the rising costs, scarcity of materials, and greater construction requirements for regular tobacco barns, the concept of a lower cost but functionally sound tobacco curing facility with partial or no sidewall closure has been developed into a blueprint plan shown in Figure 1. The plan can be built and used now with partial sidewalls and enclosed more completely later if desired.

Go to article

Grain Suffocation Hazards, Larry R. Piercy Jan 1993

Grain Suffocation Hazards, Larry R. Piercy

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Grain and feed storage systems are a common sight on Kentucky farms and usually present no particular hazard for the user. However, flowing grain or grain that is caked or spoiled can pose a serious threat of entrapment and suffocation. To protect yourself and your family, you need to become familiar with this potential hazard.

Go to article

Generation And Legal Regulation Of Odors Form Animal Manures, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams Jan 1993

Generation And Legal Regulation Of Odors Form Animal Manures, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

The present trend of animal and dairy product producers is toward total confinement facilities and larger animal herds. Generally the rewards to the producer for these practices are higher economic returns which result from higher feeding efficiencies and better quality products. However, total confinement is not without problems that were previously not present or were minimal in nature when animals were maintained in fields. Confinement facilities have a greater impact on environmental quality of both water and air. Presently, one of the major problems facing animal and dairy product producers is odor production. The greatest number of complaints concerning environmental …

Go to article

Laws And Regulation Impacting Livestock Wastes In Kentucky, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams Jan 1993

Laws And Regulation Impacting Livestock Wastes In Kentucky, J. L. Taraba, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

In recent years, the number of laws and regulations prescribing the rules for everyday life seem to be ever more complex and pervasive. Changing farming methods, expansion of the urban community and increasing public environmental concerns have increased the agricultural producer's need to think more seriously about his method of livestock waste disposal. Laws, regulations, practices, standards and ordinances range from the obvious (solid waste management) to the not so obvious (protection of endangered species). The public has protection from the farmers (discharge permits) and the farmer has protection from the public (Right to Farm laws). The following is an …

Go to article

Solid Livestock Waste Regulatory Requirements, J. L. Taraba, W. D. Thom, Anthony J. Pescatore, R. M. Williams Jan 1993

Solid Livestock Waste Regulatory Requirements, J. L. Taraba, W. D. Thom, Anthony J. Pescatore, R. M. Williams

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

Proper management and utilization of livestock waste can be a significant contribution to the economic well being of a livestock enterprise, since the wastes have considerable economic value if properly utilized. When returned to the soil as fertilize or soil conditioner, the value as a nutrient source has been will established. More recently, processed livestock wastes have been utilized as a high protein feed additives. Livestock waste should be considered a resource to be utilized rather than a disposal problem.

Go to article

Kentucky State Agencies With Water Responsibilities, Joseph L. Taraba Jan 1993

Kentucky State Agencies With Water Responsibilities, Joseph L. Taraba

Agricultural Engineering Extension Updates

On the following pages are a list of Kentucky state government agencies that have responsibilities and programs that relate to water in the areas of quality, health, supply, financing, flood control, recreation and tourism. For local programs on water, one of these agencies might be able to supply material, personnel or other programming information that would aid of your local extension water issue goals.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last