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Full-Text Articles in Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics

Low-Cost Cutaneous Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix) Detection (Cpd) Device For Follow-Up Monitoring Of Patients After Photodynamic Therapy, Md Asaduzzaman Rasel Aug 2025

Low-Cost Cutaneous Protoporphyrin Ix (Ppix) Detection (Cpd) Device For Follow-Up Monitoring Of Patients After Photodynamic Therapy, Md Asaduzzaman Rasel

Graduate Masters Theses

Background: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) utilizes specific wavelengths of light to activate photosensitizing chemical compounds, known as photosensitizers, which induce the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the targeted destruction of cancer cells. Among various photosensitizers for PDT, Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is widely employed in oncology and dermatology due to its natural in situ generation via the metabolic conversion of 5- aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a non-phototoxic prodrug. Systemic administration of ALA after 3-6 hr drug delay leads to peak PpIX accumulation in tissues, facilitating therapeutic and diagnostic applications. However, PpIX can persist in the skin for 24–48 hours post-treatment, …


Microwave Imaging Technique For Breast Cancer Detection, Nure Alam Chowdhury May 2024

Microwave Imaging Technique For Breast Cancer Detection, Nure Alam Chowdhury

Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is a global problem, and it is inevitable to detect cancerous cells at early stages. In recent years, microwave imaging technology has been widely applied in biomedical applications for its non-ionizing radiation. In this study, we design a micro-strip patch antenna with an inverted T-type notch in the partial ground to detect tumor cells inside the human breast. The size of the current antenna is small enough (18 mm × 21 mm × 1.6 mm) to distribute around the breast phantom. The operating frequency has been observed from 6–14 GHz with a minimum return loss of −61.18 dB …


Sequential Illumination In A Tomographic Microendoscopic Probe For Imaging Tumor Microvasculature, Zachariah Neumeier May 2022

Sequential Illumination In A Tomographic Microendoscopic Probe For Imaging Tumor Microvasculature, Zachariah Neumeier

Biomedical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

Knowledge of colorectal cancer biology is improving how we approach cancer treatment. Specifically, the tumor microenvironment and abnormal angiogenesis are of particular interest. Optical methods are a prime candidate for research of the tumor microenvironment due to their ability to quantitively assess tissue structure and perfusion in real time. Particularly, the “transport scattering regime” has been identified as a method of obtaining high-resolution images and reflectance spectroscopy data; this light scattering regime has been demonstrated compatible with endoscopic imaging systems. In this study, a proof-of-concept optical imaging system is presented, capable of resolving absorbers within scattering turbid media using a …


Phase-Changing Nanodroplets As Nanotheranostic Platform For Combination Cancer Therapy, Catalina-Paula Spatarelu Jan 2022

Phase-Changing Nanodroplets As Nanotheranostic Platform For Combination Cancer Therapy, Catalina-Paula Spatarelu

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Cancer is a cluster of diseases, and 1.8 million Americans are newly diagnosed each year. Treatment issues such as drug instability, the occurrence of severe side effects, as well as resistance make the need for solutions to improve conventional methods, like chemotherapy, apparent. Nano-sized drug-delivery platforms, particles loaded with therapeutic molecules that escape the immune system clearance and accumulate at the tumor site, were proposed as one of these solutions. Despite the expansion of the field, several aspects still need to be addressed: inconsistent delivery of the drugs, inability of measuring the effective dose being delivered to the tumor, lack …


Diagnosis Of Melanoma Disease State From Patient Blood Samples Using Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry, Jacob Salvatore May 2021

Diagnosis Of Melanoma Disease State From Patient Blood Samples Using Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry, Jacob Salvatore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Approximately 1 in 50 Americans develop melanoma in their lifetime. Early detection of melanoma is pivotal to the survival of the patient, with a 99% survival rate for 5 or more years after an early diagnosis. Metastasis, or the spread of cancer, increases the chances of cancerous growth in other parts of the body. In this study, we propose the use of photoacoustic flow cytometry as a diagnostic of patient disease state, by closely monitoring the amount of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) in a patient’s blood before and after chemotherapy treatments. Using this patient data, we were able to make …


Nanoscale Material Interaction With Multicellular 3d Cancer Culture, Emilie Darrigues Dec 2020

Nanoscale Material Interaction With Multicellular 3d Cancer Culture, Emilie Darrigues

Theses and Dissertations

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, it is difficult to diagnose, often recurs, has high resistance to chemotherapies, and can be marked by advanced metastatic stages. There is an urgent need to fill the knowledge on nanoparticle penetration, diffusion, and cellular interaction in the context of adaptive PDAC tumor microenvironment to allow the development of new imaging and therapeutic supports. Traditionally, cancer-treating nanoparticles have been engineered and tested on 2D cell cultures, but several studies indicate that this in vitro model does not mimic tumor features closely enough. In contrast, 3D culture models offer …


In Vivo Metabolic And Vascular Response To Hypoxia In Twist Knockdown Murine Breast Cancer, Brandon Sturgill Dec 2019

In Vivo Metabolic And Vascular Response To Hypoxia In Twist Knockdown Murine Breast Cancer, Brandon Sturgill

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Twist transcription factor is often overexpressed in aggressive tumors. Although needed in early embryonic development for organogenesis, Twist is known to induce an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cells. In cancer, epithelial to mesenchymal transitions can lead to increased motility and invasiveness. It has also been linked to metabolic reprogramming and increased metastatic risk. Furthermore, metabolic preferences can increase proliferation, enhance metastatic potential, and influence the site of metastasis. We hypothesize that Twist directly affects the metabolism of cancer cells. We expect to see in vivo what we have seen in vitro; Twist overexpression should promote a shift away from …


Biomedical Engineering Or Biomedical Optics: Will The Real Discipline Please Stand Up?, Brian W. Pogue Apr 2019

Biomedical Engineering Or Biomedical Optics: Will The Real Discipline Please Stand Up?, Brian W. Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

This editorial reflects on the shape of biomedical engineering as a discipline, and its relation to biomedical optics.


Diagnostic Performance Of Receptor-Specific Surgical Specimen Staining Correlates With Receptor Expression Level, Jasmin M. Schaefer, Connor W. Barth, Scott C. Davis, Summer L. Gibbs Feb 2019

Diagnostic Performance Of Receptor-Specific Surgical Specimen Staining Correlates With Receptor Expression Level, Jasmin M. Schaefer, Connor W. Barth, Scott C. Davis, Summer L. Gibbs

Dartmouth Scholarship

Intraoperative margin assessment is imperative to cancer cure but is a continued challenge to successful surgery. Breast conserving surgery is a relevant example, where a cosmetically improved outcome is gained over mastectomy, but re-excision is required in >25  %   of cases due to positive or closely involved margins. Clinical translation of margin assessment modalities that must directly contact the patient or required administered contrast agents are time consuming and costly to move from bench to bedside. Tumor resections provide a unique surgical opportunity to deploy margin assessment technologies including contrast agents on the resected tissues, substantially shortening the path to …


Review Of Methods For Intraoperative Margin Detection For Breast Conserving Surgery, Benjamin W. Maloney, David M. Mcclatchy, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen, Wendy A. Wells, Richard J. Barth Oct 2018

Review Of Methods For Intraoperative Margin Detection For Breast Conserving Surgery, Benjamin W. Maloney, David M. Mcclatchy, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen, Wendy A. Wells, Richard J. Barth

Dartmouth Scholarship

Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an effective treatment for early-stage cancers as long as the margins of the resected tissue are free of disease according to consensus guidelines for patient management. However, 15% to 35% of patients undergo a second surgery since malignant cells are found close to or at the margins of the original resection specimen. This review highlights imaging approaches being investigated to reduce the rate of positive margins, and they are reviewed with the assumption that a new system would need high sensitivity near 95% and specificity near 85%. The problem appears to be twofold. The first …


Perspective Review Of What Is Needed For Molecular-Specific Fluorescence-Guided Surgery, Brian W. Pogue, Eben L. Rosenthal, Samuel Achilefu, Gooitzen M. Van Dam Oct 2018

Perspective Review Of What Is Needed For Molecular-Specific Fluorescence-Guided Surgery, Brian W. Pogue, Eben L. Rosenthal, Samuel Achilefu, Gooitzen M. Van Dam

Dartmouth Scholarship

Molecular image-guided surgery has the potential for translating the tools of molecular pathology to real-time guidance in surgery. As a whole, there are incredibly positive indicators of growth, including the first United States Food and Drug Administration clearance of an enzyme-biosynthetic-activated probe for surgery guidance, and a growing number of companies producing agents and imaging systems. The strengths and opportunities must be continued but are hampered by important weaknesses and threats within the field. A key issue to solve is the inability of macroscopic imaging tools to resolve microscopic biological disease heterogeneity and the limitations in microscopic systems matching surgery …


Light Scattering Measured With Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging Can Predict Stromal Versus Epithelial Proportions In Surgically Resected Breast Tissue, David M. Mcclatchy, Elizabeth J. Rizzo, Wendy A. Wells, Candice C. Black, Keith D. Paulsen, Stephen C. Kanick, Brian W. Pogue Sep 2018

Light Scattering Measured With Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging Can Predict Stromal Versus Epithelial Proportions In Surgically Resected Breast Tissue, David M. Mcclatchy, Elizabeth J. Rizzo, Wendy A. Wells, Candice C. Black, Keith D. Paulsen, Stephen C. Kanick, Brian W. Pogue

Dartmouth Scholarship

This study aims to determine if light scatter parameters measured with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) can accurately predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions in freshly resected, unstained human breast specimens. An explicit model was developed to predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions as a function of light scattering parameters, which was validated against a quantitative analysis of digitized histology slides for N  =  31 specimens using leave-one-out cross-fold validation. Specimen mean stromal, epithelial, and adipose volume fractions predicted from light scattering parameters strongly correlated with those calculated from digitized histology slides (r  =  0.90, 0.77, and 0.91, respectively, p-value× …


Correcting For Targeted And Control Agent Signal Differences In Paired-Agent Molecular Imaging Of Cancer Cell-Surface Receptors, Negar Sadeghipour, Scott C. Davis, Kenneth M. Tichauer Jun 2018

Correcting For Targeted And Control Agent Signal Differences In Paired-Agent Molecular Imaging Of Cancer Cell-Surface Receptors, Negar Sadeghipour, Scott C. Davis, Kenneth M. Tichauer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Paired-agent kinetic modeling protocols provide one means of estimating cancer cell-surface receptors with in vivo molecular imaging. The protocols employ the coadministration of a control imaging agent with one or more targeted imaging agent to account for the nonspecific uptake and retention of the targeted agent. These methods require the targeted and control agent data be converted to equivalent units of concentration, typically requiring specialized equipment and calibration, and/or complex algorithms that raise the barrier to adoption. This work evaluates a kinetic model capable of correcting for targeted and control agent signal differences. This approach was compared with an existing …


Fluorescence Guided Tumor Imaging: Foundations For Translational Applications, Jessica P. Miller May 2018

Fluorescence Guided Tumor Imaging: Foundations For Translational Applications, Jessica P. Miller

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Optical imaging for medical applications is a growing field, and it has the potential to improve medical outcomes through its increased sensitivity and specificity, lower cost, and small instrumentation footprint as compared to other imaging modalities. The method holds great promise, ranging from direct clinical use as a diagnostic or therapeutic tool, to pre-clinical applications for increased understanding of pathology. Additionally, optical imaging uses non-ionizing radiation which is safe for patients, so it can be used for repeated imaging procedures to monitor therapy, guide treatment, and provide real-time feedback. The versatile features of fluorescence-based optical imaging make it suited for …


Development And Evaluation Of A Connective Tissue Phantom Model For Subsurface Visualization Of Cancers Requiring Wide Local Excision, Kimberly S. Samkoe, Brent D. Bates, Niki N. Tselepidakis, Alisha V. Dsouza, Jason R. Gunn, Dipak B. Ramkumar, Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue, Eric R. Henderson Dec 2017

Development And Evaluation Of A Connective Tissue Phantom Model For Subsurface Visualization Of Cancers Requiring Wide Local Excision, Kimberly S. Samkoe, Brent D. Bates, Niki N. Tselepidakis, Alisha V. Dsouza, Jason R. Gunn, Dipak B. Ramkumar, Keith D. Paulsen, Brian W. Pogue, Eric R. Henderson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Wide local excision (WLE) of tumors with negative margins remains a challenge because surgeons cannot directly visualize the mass. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) may improve surgical accuracy; however, conventional methods with direct surface tumor visualization are not immediately applicable, and properties of tissues surrounding the cancer must be considered. We developed a phantom model for sarcoma resection with the near-infrared fluorophore IRDye 800CW and used it to iteratively define the properties of connective tissues that typically surround sarcoma tumors. We then tested the ability of a blinded surgeon to resect fluorescent tumor-simulating inclusions with ∼1-cm margins using predetermined target fluorescence intensities …


Photodynamic Therapy: Agents And Mechanisms, Rebecca Claire Gilson Aug 2017

Photodynamic Therapy: Agents And Mechanisms, Rebecca Claire Gilson

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Despite enormous efforts, cancer remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The main challenges currently facing cancer therapy include lack of adequate tumor targeting, failure to treat hypoxic tumor cells, and induction therapy resistant tumors. A solution to these limitations can be found in photodynamic therapy (PDT) which combines light and light activatable compounds, photosensitizers (PSs), to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to damage tumor tissue. This creates a spatiotemporal therapeutic effect, where cell damage only occurs at the intersection of the PS and light. PDT can treat tumors through unique mechanisms which reduce induction of tumor …


Raman Spectroscopy As A Tool For Single Circulating Tumor Cell (Ctc) Detection And Imaging, Zeid A. Nima Mar 2015

Raman Spectroscopy As A Tool For Single Circulating Tumor Cell (Ctc) Detection And Imaging, Zeid A. Nima

Theses and Dissertations

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancers in the United States. It is imperative that a quick and reliable method for the early detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) be identified and tested. In this research several new detection and imaging techniques based on using Raman spectroscopy have been invented. Raman active nano-complex agents based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared and used for the swift and specific detection of breast cancer cells. SWCNTs are functionalized with the anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (anti-EpCAM) antibody, were able to detect CTCs within 30 min and discriminate few CTCs among …


Combining Molecular And Imaging Biomarkers To Enhance Maldi Biomarker Analysis, Ayyappa Chowdary Vadlamudi Apr 2010

Combining Molecular And Imaging Biomarkers To Enhance Maldi Biomarker Analysis, Ayyappa Chowdary Vadlamudi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This thesis presents a three-step method to predict prostate cancer (PCa) regions on biopsy tissue samples based on high confident, low resolution PCa regions marked by a pathologist. First, a prediction model is designed to predict PCa regions using matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) tissue imaging data from one prostate tissue slice. Second, a texture analysis technique is applied to a high magnification optical image for the same purpose from an adjacent tissue slice. Finally, those two results are fused to obtain the PCa regions that will assist MALDI imaging biomarker analysis. Experiments show that the texture analysis based …


A Review Of Autoimmune Diseases Associated With Cancer, Patricia Tai, Edward Yu, Kurian Joseph, Thomas Miale Jan 2010

A Review Of Autoimmune Diseases Associated With Cancer, Patricia Tai, Edward Yu, Kurian Joseph, Thomas Miale

Oncology Publications

The focus of this review is on the relationships between autoimmune diseases and cancer from two closely related perspectives: 1.Those autoimmune diseases which are often associated with malignancies. 2.Those prevalent cancers which may increase the risks of developing autoimmune disorders. The review concludes with a brief discussion of some selected innovative approaches to cancer immunotherapy.


Prostate Cancer Region Prediction Using Maldi Mass Spectra, Ayyappa Vadlamudi, Shao-Hui Chuang, Xiaoyan Sun, Lisa Cazares, Julius Nyalwidhe, Dean Troyer, O. John Semmes, Jiang Li, Frederic D. Mckenzie Jan 2010

Prostate Cancer Region Prediction Using Maldi Mass Spectra, Ayyappa Vadlamudi, Shao-Hui Chuang, Xiaoyan Sun, Lisa Cazares, Julius Nyalwidhe, Dean Troyer, O. John Semmes, Jiang Li, Frederic D. Mckenzie

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

For the early detection of prostate cancer, the analysis of the Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is currently the most popular approach. However, previous studies show that 15% of men have prostate cancer even their PSA concentrations are low. MALDI Mass Spectrometry (MS) proves to be a better technology to discover molecular tools for early cancer detection. The molecular tools or peptides are termed as biomarkers. Using MALDI MS data from prostate tissue samples, prostate cancer biomarkers can be identified by searching for molecular or molecular combination that can differentiate cancer tissue regions from normal ones. Cancer tissue regions are …