Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Recent Advances In Optical Spectroscopic And Imaging Methods For Medicine And Biology, Yu Shang, Zhiyu Qian, Rickson C. Mesquita, Mathieu Dehaes

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Ultrasound-Guided Nanobubbles For Targeted Drug Delivery, Pei Yang, Pushpak Bhandari, Joseph Irudayaraj

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

In a large number of biological and environmental applications, ultrasound (US)-powered micro- and nano-motors have attracted considerable attention. However, their applications in biological settings have been limited due to the incompatibility of metallic motors and the lack of precision guiding. Here, we demonstrate that cellulosic polymer nanobubbles (200-800nm) can be propelled, aligned, accelerated, and assembled in solution using Doppler ultrasound beam (DUB) and simultaneously imaged using low-frequency ultrasound. Results show that by utilizing Doppler ultrasound beam (DUB), nanobubbles accumulation at a pre-determined site can be enhanced. Moreover, bubbles’ trajectory and velocity can be also be manipulated. Related parameters associated with …

Molecular Sensing And Imaging Of Human Disease Cells And Their Responses To Biochemical Stimuli, Lifu Xiao

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Advancement in microscopic and spectroscopic techniques could significantly improve our ability in the study and diagnosis of diseases. Especially, being able to image and detect human diseases at the cellular and molecular level allows people to diagnose diseases at early stages and to study the molecular mechanisms behind various diseases. Currently, histopathological techniques are most widely used for prognosis and diagnosis of human diseases. However, conventional histopathology requires a complex process of sample preparation, which limits the diagnostic efficiency of this technique. More importantly, it requires fixation of tissue or cell sample, making it unsuitable for the study of dynamic …

Characterization Of Low Density Intracranial Lesions Using Dual-Energy Computed To Mography, Jessica L. Nute

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Calcific and hemorrhagic foci of susceptibility are frequently encountered on routine brain MR studies. Both etiologies cause variations in local magnetic field strength, leading to dark regions on the MR images that cannot be classified. Single-energy CT (SECT) can be used to identify lesions with attenuation over 100 HU as calcific, however lesions with lower attenuation cannot be reliably identified. While calcific lesions are unlikely to cause harm, hemorrhagic lesions carry a risk of subsequent intracranial bleeding; as such, identification of hemorrhage is vital in preventing the inappropriate use of anticoagulant medications in patients with hemorrhagic lesions.

Given there currently …

A Novel Fmri Paradigm Suggests That Pedaling-Related Brain Activation Is Altered After Stroke, Nutta-On Promjunyakul, Brian D. Schmit, Sheila M. Schindler-Ivens

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure pedaling-related brain activation in individuals with stroke and age-matched controls. We also sought to identify stroke-related changes in brain activation associated with pedaling. Fourteen stroke and 12 control subjects were asked to pedal a custom, MRI-compatible device during fMRI. Subjects also performed lower limb tapping to localize brain regions involved in lower limb movement. All stroke and control subjects were able to pedal while positioned for fMRI. Two control subjects were withdrawn due to claustrophobia, and one control data set was …

Three Dimensional Quantification Of Angiotensin Ii-Induced Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using High Frequency Ultrasound, Amelia R. Adelsperger, Alexa A. Yrineo, Hilary D. Schroeder, Ashley Nicole Blaize, Katherine E. Wilson, Evan H. Phillips, Frederick W. Damen, Craig J. Goergen

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), a localized dilation of the vessel wall of 50% or more above normal, claims approximately 14,000 U.S. lives yearly due to aortic rupture. This commonly asymptomatic disease can only be treated by endovascular stent grafts or invasive surgery, usually after the AAA diameter reaches 5 cm. Because these treatment methods carry serious risk, stem cell therapy is being explored in order to provide a low risk option for managing smaller AAAs. To determine if stem cell therapy, once administered, could stabilize or reduce AAA growth, baseline 3D ultrasound measurements in a control group were first needed. …

Integration Of Instrumentation And Processing Software Of A Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System, Jacob James Carrick

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has the potential to be a powerful tool in medicine, but more research in the field is required so it can be used properly. To help in the progression of Michigan Tech's research in the field, a graphical user interface (GUI) was designed in Matlab to control the instrumentation of the experiments as well as process the raw speckle images into contrast images while they are being acquired. The design of the system was successful and is currently being used by Michigan Tech's Biomedical Engineering department. This thesis describes the development of the LSCI GUI …

Image Registration Of Ex-Vivo Mri To Sparsely Sectioned Histology Of Hippocampal And Neocortical Temporal Lobe Specimens., Maged Goubran, Cathie Crukley, Sandrine De Ribaupierre, Terence M Peters, Ali R Khan

Robarts Imaging Publications

Intractable or drug-resistant epilepsy occurs in up to 30% of epilepsy patients, with many of these patients undergoing surgical excision of the affected brain region to achieve seizure control. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and analysis techniques have the potential to detect abnormalities not identified with diagnostic MRI protocols. Prospective studies involving pre-operative imaging and collection of surgically-resected tissue provide a unique opportunity for verification and tuning of these image analysis techniques, since direct comparison can be made against histopathology, and can lead to better prediction of surgical outcomes and potentially less invasive procedures. To carry out MRI and …

Automated Point-Of-Care Image Processing Methodology For The Diagnosis Of Malaria, Michael B. Jorgensen

Master's Theses

Malaria has profoundly influenced human history for over four thousand years and despite numerous attempts at eradication, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malaria have been largely ineffective. More than five hundred million people are affected by malaria every year resulting in over one million deaths. Drug resistance development by the parasite has diminished the effectiveness of numerous treatment options due, in part, to overtreatment of negative patients based on insufficient clinical algorithms and diagnostic methods. The goal of this research was to develop an image analysis algorithm to diagnose malaria with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in …

Quantitative, Spectrally-Resolved Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging, Pablo A. Valdés, Frederic Leblond, Valerie L. Jacobs, Brian C. Wilson, Keith D. Paulsen, David W. Roberts

Dartmouth Scholarship

Intraoperative visual fluorescence imaging (vFI) has emerged as a promising aid to surgical guidance, but does not fully exploit the potential of the fluorescent agents that are currently available. Here, we introduce a quantitative fluorescence imaging (qFI) approach that converts spectrally-resolved data into images of absolute fluorophore concentration pixel-by-pixel across the surgical field of view (FOV). The resulting estimates are linear, accurate, and precise relative to true values, and spectral decomposition of multiple fluorophores is also achieved. Experiments with protoporphyrin IX in a glioma rodent model demonstrate in vivo quantitative and spectrally-resolved fluorescence imaging of infiltrating tumor margins for the …

Role Of Glutathione In Lung Retention Of 99mtc-Hexamethylpropyleneamine Oxime In Two Unique Rat Models Of Hyperoxic Lung Injury, Said H. Audi, David L. Roerig, Steven Thomas Haworth, Anne V. Clough

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Rat exposure to 60% O₂ for 7 days (hyper-60) or to >95% O₂ for 2 days followed by a 24-hour in room air (hyper-95R) confers susceptibility or tolerance, respectively, of the otherwise lethal effects of subsequent exposure to 100% O₂. The objective of this study was to determine if lung retention of the radiopharmaceutical agent ^99mTc-HMPAO (hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime) is differentially altered in hyper-60 and hyper-95R rats. Tissue retention of HMPAO is dependent on intracellular content of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial function. HMPAO was injected i.v. in anesthetized rats and planar images were acquired. …

A Novel Method For Determining Acetabular Orientation, Sean Higgins

Theses and Dissertations

Enhanced knowledge of the acetabulum is of paramount importance in the diagnostic, planning, and execution stages of procedures and treatments targeting the hip joint. The convoluted and highly variable morphology of the structures comprising the bony pelvis make ascertaining measures of the acetabulum challenging. Furthermore, current methods for determining acetabular orientation assume symmetry between the separate halves of the pelvis by utilizing a coordinate system based on bilateral landmarks. The purpose of this study was to determine the three-dimensional orientation of the entire acetabulum. For this research, an improved programmatic method was developed for determining acetabular orientation using three-dimensional data. …

Towards Omni-Tomography -- Grand Fusion Of Multiple Modalities For Simultaneous Interior Tomography, Ge Wang, Jie Zhang, Hao Gao, Victor Weir, Hengyong Yu, Wenxiang Cong, Xiaochen Xu, Haiou Shen, James Bennett, Mark Furth, Yue Wang, Michael Vannier

Radiology Faculty Publications

We recently elevated interior tomography from its origin in computed tomography (CT) to a general tomographic principle, and proved its validity for other tomographic modalities including SPECT, MRI, and others. Here we propose "omni-tomography", a novel concept for the grand fusion of multiple tomographic modalities for simultaneous data acquisition in a region of interest (ROI). Omni-tomography can be instrumental when physiological processes under investigation are multi-dimensional, multi-scale, multi-temporal and multi-parametric. Both preclinical and clinical studies now depend on in vivo tomography, often requiring separate evaluations by different imaging modalities. Over the past decade, two approaches have been used for multimodality …

Quantitative, Spatial Imaging Based Measurements To Assess Cellular Health And Oxygenation In A Tissue Engineered Test System, Erik Bland

All Dissertations

Three-dimensional in vitro tissue test systems are employed to examine cell behavior, test responses to drugs and vaccines, and answer basic biological questions. These systems are more physiologically relevant than two-dimensional cell cultures, and are more relevant, easier and less expensive to maintain than animal models. However, methods used to measure cell behavior and viability have been developed specifically for two-dimensional cell cultures or animal models, and are often not optimally translated to three-dimensional in vitro test systems. The purpose of this work was to aid in the development of three-dimensional, spatially controlled in vitro test systems, and to develop …

Tools For Creating Wide-Field Views Of The Human Retina Using Optical Coherence Tomography, Ashavini M. Pavaskar

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has allowed in-vivo viewing of details of retinal layers like never before. With the development of spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) details of nearly 2µm axial resolution and higher imaging speed have been reported. Nevertheless, a single volume scan of the retina is typically restricted to 6mm x 6mm in size. Having a larger field of view of the retina will definitely enhance the clinical utility of the OCT.

A tool was developed for creating wide-field thickness maps of the retina by combining the use of already available tools like i2k Retina (DualAlign, LLC, Clifton Park, NY) …

Fusion And Visualization Of Intraoperative Cortical Images With Preoperative Models For Epilepsy Surgical Planning And Guidance., A Wang, S M Mirsattari, A G Parrent, T M Peters

Robarts Imaging Publications

OBJECTIVE: During epilepsy surgery it is important for the surgeon to correlate the preoperative cortical morphology (from preoperative images) with the intraoperative environment. Augmented Reality (AR) provides a solution for combining the real environment with virtual models. However, AR usually requires the use of specialized displays, and its effectiveness in the surgery still needs to be evaluated. The objective of this research was to develop an alternative approach to provide enhanced visualization by fusing a direct (photographic) view of the surgical field with the 3D patient model during image guided epilepsy surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We correlated the preoperative plan …

Characterization And Analysis Techniques Of A Dynamic In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model, Ryan Everett Woodhouse

Biomedical Engineering

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for maintaining the sensitive environment required by the brain. Although the BBB is necessary for proper functioning of the brain, it acts as an obstacle for doctors attempting to treat neurological disease. For a drug to act upon the brain, it must first pass through the discriminating BBB. For this reason, much research has been performed in recent years in order to create an in vitro model of the BBB on which drugs targeted for the central nervous system may be tested. The main goal of this project is to create an in vitro …

Finding Cadaveric Human Head Masses And Center Of Gravity: A Comparison Of Direct Measurement To 3d Ing, Grant Corwin Roush

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Mass properties of the human head are critical elements in developing neck injury threshold criteria in acceleration and impact environments. In order to accurately simulate the dynamics of the head in impact and acceleration environments, valid mass properties data for the human head must exist.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: First, to directly measure and generate a useful data set of human head mass properties and anthropometry, and second, compare the results from the direct measurement to measurements obtained using computed tomographic (CT) analyses of the human head. Four cadaveric human heads, all male, were measured.

For the …

Imaging Radiation Pneumonitis In A Rat Model Of A Radiological Terrorism Incident, Robert C. Molthen, Qingping Wu, Gary S. Krenz, Meetha Medhora, Elizabeth R. Jacobs, John E. Moulder

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We have developed a rat model of single, sub-lethal thoracic irradiation. Our irradiation protocol is considered representative of exposures near the detonation site of a dirty bomb or small nuclear device. The model is being used to investigate techniques for identifying, triaging and treating possible victims. In addition to physiological markers of right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular resistance, and arterial distensibility, we present two methods for quantifying microvascular density. We used methods including microfocal X-ray imaging to investigate changes in lung structure/function resulting from radiation exposure. Radiation pneumonitis is a complication in subjects receiving thoracic irradiation. A radiographic hallmark of …

Methodology Development For Three-Dimensional Mr-Guided Near Infrared Spectroscopy Of Breast Tumors, Colin M. Carpenter, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Combined Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proposed as a unique method to quantify hemodynamics, water content, and cellular size and packing density of breast tumors, as these tissue constituents can be quantified with increased resolution and overlaid on the structural features identified by the MR. However, the choices in how to reconstruct and visualize this information can have a dramatic impact on the feasibility of implementing this modality in the clinic. This is especially true in 3 dimensions, as there is often limited optical sampling of the breast tissue, and methods need to accurately reflect …

Improving Pediatric Cardiology Consultation Methods By Introducing Digital Interactive 3-D Heart Models: A Proof Of Concept Study, Adam Verigan

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of a pediatric cardiology consultation is to inform, or educate, the patient and family of all aspects surrounding a certain congenital heart defect. Consultation education methods and materials may include verbal descriptions, two-dimensional (2-D) heart diagrams, and take-home pamphlets. Because the human heart is a complex three-dimensional (3-D) object, the problem lies within the clarity to which these methods are performed by the doctors and understood by the patients and families. Therefore, during a consultation the cardiologist must a) possess the ability to describe a defect visually as well as verbally and b) ensure that the patient and …

Short-Pulse Laser Propagation Through Tissue Medium For Tumor Detection, Gopalendu Pal, Kunal Mitra, Tuan Vo-Dinh

Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Faculty Publications

The objective of this paper is to perform a comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis of the short pulse laser interaction with tissue medium with the goal of tumor / cancer diagnostics. For short pulse laser source, the shape of output signal is a function of the optical properties of the medium and hence the scattered temporal optical signal helps in understanding of the medium characteristics. Initially experiments are performed on tissue phantoms imbedded with inhomogeneities in order to optimize the time-resolved optical detection scheme. Both the temporal and the spatial profiles of the scattered reflected and transmitted optical signals are …

Interpreting Hemoglobin And Water Concentration, Oxygen Saturation, And Scattering Measured In Vivo By Near-Infrared Breast Tomography, Subhadra Srinivasan, Brian W. Pogue, Shudong Jiang, Hamid Dehghani, Christine Kogel, Sandra Soho, Jennifer J. Gibson, Tor D. Tosteson, Steven P. Poplack, Keith D. Paulsen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Near-infrared spectroscopic tomography was used to measure the properties of 24 mammographically normal breasts to quantify whole-breast absorption and scattering spectra and to evaluate which tissue composition characteristics can be determined from these spectra. The absorption spectrum of breast tissue allows quantification of (i) total hemoglobin concentration, (ii) hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and (iii) water concentration, whereas the scattering spectrum provides information about the size and number density of cellular components and structural matrix elements. These property data were tested for correlation to demographic information, including subject age, body mass index, breast size, and radiographic …

Clinical Roc Studies Of Digital Stereo Mammography, Tarek Z. Elabbady, Charles F. Babbs, Valerie P. Jackson, Edward J. Delp, David M. Chelberg, Zygmunt Pizlo, Leslie A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

The objective of this study was to explore and document the diagnostic utility of digital stereo mammography for the detection of localized breast cancer in women. In it we character­ized the ability of experienced mammographers, general radiologists, and non-radiologists to detect three types of tumor masses embedded within a heterogeneous background of normal tis­sue elements in numerically simulated digital mammograms. The simulated mammograms were displayed to the subjects on a high resolution video display, both in stereo mode and in mono mode. Half of the mammograms contained a single tumor, ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 cm in maxi­mal diameter. Each …

A Prototype Computational Phantom To Create Digital Images For Research And Training In Diagnostic Radiology, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

Research in the processing, compression, transmission, and interpretation of digital radiographic images require the testing and evaluation of a wide variety of images, varying both in format and in spatial resolution. If receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis or a related method is used to evaluate the performance of observers using novel vs. conventional displays, large numbers of test images containing known abnormalities are required. This report describes a convenient, inexpensive, and reproducible source of test images, having any desired resolution and containing precisely defined abnormalities of unlimited subtlety. The images are generated by computing x-ray transmission through mathematically defined, three …

Toward Virtual Digital Mammograms For Research And Training In Tumor Detection, Charles F. Babbs, Leslie A. Geddes

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

Research in the processing, compression, transmission, and interpretation of digital radiographic images requires evaluation of a wide variety of test images, varying in format, in spatial resolution, and in anatomic content. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of observers using novel versus conventional image formats, large numbers of test images containing known abnormalities are required. This report describes a method for creating high resolution, virtual digital mammograms from computational models of the human breast that include branched lobulated ducts and suspensory ligaments embedded in fatty subcutaneous tissue. Breast phantoms may include any of three types of simulated tumors (fibroadenomas, invasive ductal …