Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Rapid Assessment Of Breast Tumor Margins Using Deep Ultraviolet Fluorescence Scanning Microscopy, Tongtong Lu, Julie M. Jorns, Mollie Patton, Renee Fisher, Amanda Emmerich, Todd Doehring, Taly Gilat-Schmidt, Dong Hye Ye, Tina Yen, Bing Yu

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Significance: Re-excision rates for women with invasive breast cancer undergoing breast conserving surgery (or lumpectomy) have decreased in the past decade but remain substantial. This is mainly due to the inability to assess the entire surface of an excised lumpectomy specimen efficiently and accurately during surgery.

Aim: The goal of this study was to develop a deep-ultraviolet scanning fluorescence microscope (DUV-FSM) that can be used to accurately and rapidly detect cancer cells on the surface of excised breast tissue.

Approach: A DUV-FSM was used to image the surfaces of 47 (31 malignant and 16 normal/benign) fresh breast tissue samples stained …

A Size‐Modified Poisson–Boltzmann Ion Channel Model In A Solvent Of Multiple Ionic Species: Application To Voltage‐Dependent Anion Channel, Dexuan Xie, Said H. Audi, Ranjan K. Dash

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We present a new size‐modified Poisson–Boltzmann ion channel (SMPBIC) model and use it to calculate the electrostatic potential, ionic concentrations, and electrostatic solvation free energy for a voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) on a biological membrane in a solution mixture of multiple ionic species. In particular, the new SMPBIC model adopts a membrane surface charge density and a natural Neumann boundary condition to reflect the charge effect of the membrane on the electrostatics of VDAC. To avoid the singularity difficulties caused by the atomic charges of VDAC, the new SMPBIC model is split into three submodels such that the solution of …

Design Of X-Ray Source For Real-Time Computed Tomography, Wesley William Tucker

Doctoral Dissertations

"The reduction of motion blur in computed tomography (CT) drives the current research for multisource CT. Due to their compact nature, the current multisource systems utilize stationary angled anodes. Unfortunately, these configurations neither simplify the imaging geometry, nor satisfy the need for managing the high thermal loads demanded by real-time CT (30 acquisition frames per second). To add to the current field of knowledge, two x-ray tube concepts are presented in this dissertation. First, a simulation of transient thermal analysis was performed on a compact transmission-type x-ray tube anode operating in pulse-mode. A correlation was found between deposited beam power …

Investigation On Nanoparticle Based Combination Therapy For Targeted Cancer Treatment, Muhammad Raisul Abedin

Doctoral Dissertations

“The current treatment methods in cancer are associated with toxicity in healthy tissues, partial therapeutic response, drug resistance and finally recurrence of the disease. The cancer drugs are challenged by non-specific binding, undesired toxicity in healthy cells, low therapeutic index and finally poor therapeutic outcome. In this work, a targeted nanoscale therapeutic system Antibody Drug Nanoparticle (ADN) was engineered to selectively inhibit the breast cancer cell growth with reduced toxicity in healthy cells. The ADNs were designed by synthesizing rod shaped anoparticles using pure chemotherapeutic drug and covalently conjugating a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the surface of the drug …

Study Of Silica Nanoparticle Composite On Silica-Hydrogen Peroxide Complexations And Their Effects In Catechol Based Adhesives, Rattapol Pinnaratip

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Mussel adhesive proteins contain catechol moiety, which allows the protein to crosslinked, solidify, and adhere to surrounding surfaces even under wet conditions. Incorporating the catechol moiety into polymeric adhesive resulted in bioadhesive, which still functions under wet conditions. However, the adhesive must be oxidized in order to crosslink and adhere to surfaces. The oxidation process of catechol adhesive was proven to produce singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). These reactive oxygen species, with lack of control, can wreak havoc to the biological system causing poor healing and undesired biological response.

Here, we studied the silica …

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds As A Platform For Breast Cancer Research, Carolynn Que

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Tumorigenesis is a complex process involving numerous cellular signaling cascades and environmental factors. Here, we report the fabrication of 3D scaffolds with different morphologies obtained by to study cancer cell proliferation and migration. Using an FDA approved, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer Polycaprolactone (PCL), we electrospun nanofiber scaffolds having mesh, aligned, and honeycomb morphologies. The role of the morphology and cellular preferences to nutrition in cell adhesion and proliferation was assessed using scaffolds obtained by electrospinning PCL with fluorescent fructose-like molecular probes. Cell viability, cell morphology, localized cellular growth as related to scaffold morphology and availability of the fructose-like molecular probes …

Nanofiber Scaffolds As 3d Culture Platforms, Stephanie Bule

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cell culture has become the basis for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of cell, tissue and organ function. Although major advancements in uncovering the underlying processes and mechanisms of normal and diseased cell biology have been made by using two-dimensional (2D) cell culture, there is a recent shift in moving towards three-dimensional (3D) culture platforms. The motivation is to better recapitulate the microenvironment of cells in vivo to obtain results that are more indicative to actual cellular processes. In this study, electrospun nano-fibrous scaffolds made of polycaprolactone were used as a 3D culture tool to investigate difference in cell behavior and …

Speckle-Noise Reduction In Knee Articular Cartilage Ultrasound Image Using Anisotropic Diffusion, Ali Muhammad Shoaib

Student Works (2020-2029)

Knee arthritis is the most common type of arthritis which effects the people and may cause severe pain to the patient and can lead to joint effusion. Ultrasound (US) imaging is an appropriate and consistent substitute for other imaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging or X-rays in the investigation or screening of knee injury. Nevertheless, one of the major problems in US images which make the analysis of these images hard is the presence of speckle noise. For the reduction of speckle noise, the performance of the anisotropic method is found much better over other approaches. In removing the speckle …

Mental Workload Assessment Among Healthcare Workers During Pandemic Covid-19 At Hospital Tunku Azizah, Mohd Basari Mohd 'Aizat

Student Works (2020-2029)

Workload is the amount of work an individual has to do. There is a distinction between the actual amount of work and the individual's perception of the workload. In addition, with current pandemic situation, definitely causes an increased workload among healthcare workers. Somehow, front-liners are doing their best in battling COVID-19 to protect publics from any adverse effects by this aggressive identified Coronavirus. The purpose of this study is to determine level of mental workload and its relationship on mental health status and job satisfaction among healthcare workers. Scope of this study involving medical laboratory workers in Pathology Department Hospital …

Effects Of Electrical Stimulation And Methyl Jasmonate Elicitation On Camptothecin Production In Tissue Culture Of Ophiorrhiza Ridleyana, Supakit Pisitpaibool

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research aimed to enhance plant camptothecin (CPT) production in vitro, 5-month-old Ophiorrhiza ridleyana Craib. The plant cultures were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution (0, 20, 50, and 100 µM) dissolved in ethanol, which was applied to the surface of the solid culture medium. The CPT content in the roots, stems, and leaves of the MeJA-elicited tissue-cultured plants at 12 and 24 h after the elicitation was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was demonstrated that the maximum CPT content in the tissue-cultured plants was achieved after 12 h elicitation with 50 µM MeJA. The average CPT contents …

Proteomic Analysis Of Fetal Rat Neural Stem Cells After Treatment With Hericium Erinaceus, Bright Adam Test

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The fungus, Hericium erinaceus, has outstanding chemical properties, displaying health benefits in digestive, hepatic, and nervous tissues. Its ease of accessibility and use makes it one of the most common substances used for treatment in Eastern medicine. More and more recent research is confirming the incredible health benefits of this fungus, especially the impact that is seen on nervous tissue growth and recovery post-treatment. Such neurite outgrowth and myelin sheath regeneration could illustrate the beginning of the cure to lifelong neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis. In this first-of-its-kind study, we cultured and differentiated fetal rat neural stem cells while …