Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Gait Alterations In Peripheral Arterial Disease Are Not Worsened By The Presence Of Diabetes, Hafizur Rahman

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a vascular disease where atherosclerotic blockages restrict blood flow to muscles in the lower extremities. Diabetes is a common co-morbid condition in PAD and has been shown to increase the risk of lower extremity amputation compared to PAD without diabetes. Although there is a clear pathological relationship between diabetes and PAD, the gait mechanics involved remain indistinct. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of diabetes in addition to PAD results in greater functional impairment during ambulation. Twenty-three subjects with PAD and twelve controls consented to participate in the research. …

Collision Work Performed By Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease, Alex Dzewaltowski, Sara A. Myers, Jason M. Johanning, Iraklis I. Pipinos

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The goal of this study was to assess the differences in collision work performed by healthy, aged-matched controls compared to patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to provide foundations for an eventual exoskeleton design. Collision work is energy dissipated into the surrounding environment from impact, in this study’s case, upon heel strike. When designing an exoskeleton for patients with PAD, harvesting energy lost to collision work could be a valuable mechanism to improve walking performance. Devices designed to utilize the normally dissipated energy for assisting propulsion to improve walking performance are under-explored [1, 2]. The purpose of this study was …

Estimating Variations In Metabolic Cost Within The Stride Cycle During Level And Uphill Walking, Arash Mohammadzadeh Gonabadi

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Indirect calorimetry provides the average cost of a stride cycle and prevents from identifying which part of the gait cycle causes increased metabolic cost in patients, however, recent simulation methods allow estimating the time profile of metabolic cost within the stride cycle. In this study, we compare the estimations of the time profile of the metabolic cost of two simulation methods for level and uphill walking. We used kinematic, kinetic and electromyography data from level and uphill walking (one participant) to estimate the time profiles of metabolic cost using the muscle-level metabolic model of Umberger using electromyography and kinematic data …

Bimanual Coordination Assessment Using Prosthetic Simulators, Chris Copeland

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

There were a total of 1.6 million people living with loss of a limb in 2005. This number is projected to double to 3.6 million by 2050 [1]. While prosthetics aim to enhance the function of these individuals, it is estimated that 45% of pediatric prosthetic users reject their prosthesis [2]. The literature which describes the motor control mechanisms of prosthetic use is sparse and often low-powered due to inadequate number of subjects. However, prosthetic simulators may be a solution to chronically low-powered prosthetic studies by serving as functional homologues. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the efficacy …

A Comparative Study For Feature Selection Algorithms To Analyze Gait Patterns For Health Purposes, Donovan Orn

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

A Comparative Study for Feature Selection Algorithms to Analyze Gait Patterns for Healthcare Purposes

Donovan Orn

Abstract

With the explosive use of wearable devices, there is an urgent need to find ways to utilize the data collected by such devices. In many cases, wearable devices contain accelerometers that collected different types of data. It is not always clear which data points can be used to extract information that can be used to provide useful knowledge about the health of the individuals. In this study, we proposed to research, implement, and comparing various feature selection techniques used for analyzing on gait …

Mobility-Based Models For Advancing Diagnostic/Predictive Healthcare, Elham Rastegari

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Functional ability has been always considered as one of the important determining factors of individuals’ health and quality of life. Traditional movement analysis systems require expensive facilities and frequent visits for patients to specialized laboratories. Portability and affordability of wearable sensors along with their improved accuracy and capability of monitoring movement during daily activities make them a potential alternative for analyzing mobility patterns for clinical and health assessment purposes. Wearable-based movement data, when combined with other relevant clinical or laboratory data, could enhance evidence-based healthcare and data-driven Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). Utilizing the data from wearable devices, many researchers …

Simulation Of Joint Contact Forces In Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Using Opensim, Benjamin Frazier

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The occurrence of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is projected to increase markedly in the coming decade, and a better method of rehabilitating TKA patients is becoming necessary. Rehabilitation of these patients is of utmost importance such that patients are capable of using the limb effectively. Focus towards improving the rehabilitation of patients that have undergone TKA operations requires a metric for comparison of performance between control groups and experimental groups. Joint contact forces (JCF) calculated via simulation in OpenSim using Motion Capture and Force Plate data provide effective means comparing these groups. Subjects are outfitted with a marker set and …

The Time Of Slip Onset During Stance Influences The Characteristics Of The Unconstrained Perturbation, Corbin Rasmussen, Nathaniel Hunt

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Falls pose a significant health hazard, resulting in devastating injuries like broken wrists, fractured hips, and traumatic brain injuries that exceed $50 billion in U.S. medical costs. To address these risks, biomechanists have subjected individuals to simulated slips in order to study the factors that lead to falls. These studies have focused on slips that happen immediately after heel-strike and are unnaturally restricted by the methods used to cause the slip. Therefore, the effects of unconstrained slips that occur throughout stance phase are unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we examined the relationship between the timing of slip onset and …

The Energy Paradox Of The Ankle-Foot Complex During Human Walking, Nikolaos Papachatzis, Kota Takahashi

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) is a multiarticular muscle that possesses the potential to alter foot’s functional and mechanical behavior, since it performs multiple significant functions during walking (e.g supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot).The purpose of this study was to determine if the functional changes of the FHL are associated with the foot’s adaptations to the mechanical demands of walking. Backward walking is an experimental method capable of altering how the forces propagate underneath the foot and disrupting the mechanical function of the FHL muscle. We hypothesized that: (1) the muscle activity of the FHL will increase during …

Urea Functionalization Of Ultrasound-Treated Biochar: A Feasible Strategy For Enhancing Heavy Metal Adsorption Capacity, Baharak Sajjadi, James William Broome, Wei Yin Chen, Daniell L. Mattern, Nosa O. Egiebor, Nathan Hammer, Cameron L. Smith

Faculty and Student Publications

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The main objective of a series of our researches is to develop a novel acoustic-based method for activation of biochar. This study investigates the capability of biochar in adsorbing Ni(II) as a hazardous contaminant and aims at enhancing its adsorption capacity by the addition of extra nitrogen and most probably phosphorous and oxygen containing sites using an ultrasono-chemical modification mechanism. To reach this objective, biochar physically modified by low-frequency ultrasound waves (USB) was chemically treated by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and then functionalized by urea (CO(NH2)2). Cavitation induced by ultrasound waves exfoliates and breaks apart the regular …

Modification Of Gleams For Modeling Movement Of Organic Contaminants From Land-Applied Biosolids, Ben D. Giudice, Thomas M. Young, Jacob P. Bibb

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Municipal biosolids are commonly applied to agricultural lands as fertilizer, but this also poses potential risks to groundwater and surface water quality from constituents that may be mobilized during storm events. In the present study, an existing model, Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS), is modified to predict the fate and transport of organic contaminants from land-applied biosolids, primarily via addition of a labile biosolids organic carbon phase distinct from soil organic carbon. While capable of simulating contaminant transport in runoff and via percolation, only the runoff portion of the model was able to be calibrated using existing …

A Hybrid Experimental‐Computational Modeling Framework For Cardiovascular Device Testing, Ethan Kung, Masoud Farahmand, Akash Gupta

Publications

Significant advances in biomedical science often leverage powerful computational and experimental modeling platforms. We present a framework named physiology simulation coupled experiment (“PSCOPE”) that can capitalize on the strengths of both types of platforms in a single hybrid model. PSCOPE uses an iterative method to couple an in vitro mock circuit to a lumped-parameter numerical simulation of physiology, obtaining closed-loop feedback between the two. We first compared the results of Fontan graft obstruction scenarios modeled using both PSCOPE and an established multiscale computational fluid dynamics method; the normalized root-mean-square error values of important physiologic parameters were between 0.1% and 2.1%, …

Humeral Guide For Intraosseous Vascular Access, Alexa Lewis, Colin Minor, Josephine Kalshoven, Ellie Ng, Gabriela Lowry, Alana Tucker

ENGS 89/90 Reports

Intraosseous (IO) infusion is a procedure performed in emergency situations, in order to rapidly infuse fluid or medications into a patient’s vascular system via bone marrow in the humerus or tibia. Unfortunately, the current method for identifying the humeral insertion site (palpation) can be impossible in heavily muscled or obese patients, which may result in needle misplacement, the leading cause of complications. To overcome these difficulties, this project, sponsored by IOMETRY, Inc., focused on the development of an insertion site guide, which is compatible with current IO access equipment and allows rapid and accurate identification of the humeral insertion site.

Rethinking Solutions For Male Incontinence, Martin S. Gross, Jayanth V. Batchu, Douglas R. Beahm, Rebecca J. Conway, Aamuktha Porika, Noura Srour

ENGS 89/90 Reports

Following a radical prostatectomy, the main surgical treatment for prostate cancer, a majority of men will experience some level of urinary incontinence. When severe, this incontinence creates social isolation, leads to risk of infection from dried urine, and prevents men from participating in activities they love. The most common treatment in the US is a surgically placed AMS 800, produced by Boston Scientific. The AMS 800 surgery is highly invasive with a lengthy recovery time. Also, the device requires manual activation using a pump in the scrotum and erodes the urethra over time by constant compression.

Our group’s design is …

Hands Free Endoscopy System For Upper Airway Surgery, Caroline E. Filan, Lena S. Gandevia, Anaqhelly Cisneros, Shenandoah S. Wrobel, Sydney C. Zhou

ENGS 89/90 Reports

Endoscopy is the medical technique of visualizing the internal organs by direct insertion of a small video camera into the body. The camera feeds live video to an external screen to view the area of interest. Endoscopic surgery of the upper airway currently poses a particular challenge to surgeons due to the a narrow operating space in the esophagus. There are two approaches: telescopic endoscope or operating microscope - each with their own limitations. With the telescopic approach, a surgeon holds an endoscope with one hand and a surgical instrument in the other, so they are only able to complete …

Parkinson's Freezing Of Gait Device Attachment, Reagan Burns, Sidney Collin, Hadley Rose

Biomedical Engineering

The Freezing of Gait Project aims to design and develop an attachment mechanism for a medical device to help Parkinson’s patients overcome freezing of gait (FOG). The mechanism will allow the device to attach to a variety of canes or walkers, while being easy for Parkinson’s patients to use. It will interface with a device produced by De Oro Devices. The project includes an analysis of current competitive devices, a summary of customer needs, design of experiments to test significant features of the attachment, and project plan. The customer needs are translated to engineering metrics. Failures and mitigation of risks …

Heat Stress Identification, Nathanial Nyberg, Christina Santini, Zachary Miller

Biomedical Engineering

This document contains all information pertinent to the creation of the desired product and how the desired product fulfills the problem statement. This document clearly defines the customer requirements and how they relate to engineering specifications, metrics that will define the boundaries that the desired product must lie within. This document will then reveal all concepts that were considered during the design phase of this project and how those concepts were compared. This includes all quantitative parameters that provided a clear front-runner concept and the rationale for those parameters and the values and weight assigned to them.

Then this document …

Flash-Mold Machine For Manufacturing Drug Implants, Conor Vache, Sonja Daebelliehn, Ryan Thomson

Biomedical Engineering

This Final Project Report provides the reader with a comprehensive detailing of all of the actions and work that has been completed for this Senior Design Project. In this report, the Cal Poly Biomedical Engineering Senior Project Team will discuss some background on the existing Mark I Flash-Mold Machine currently in use by Gesea Biosciences, background information on Gesea Biosciences, the Customer Requirements and Design Specifications of the new machine, Quality Engineering considerations, design concepts discussed, design concepts chosen, safety considerations, prototype development, manufacturing, testing protocols, and testing results, etc.

A Pilot Study Identifying Brain-Targeting Adaptive Immunity In Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients With Acquired Brain Injury, Sterling B. Ortega, Poornima Pandiyan, Jana Windsor, Vanessa O. Torres, Uma M. Selvaraj, Amy Lee, Michael Morriss, Fenghua Tian, Lakshmi Raman, Ann M. Stowe

Neurology Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation provides short-term cardiopulmonary life support, but is associated with peripheral innate inflammation, disruptions in cerebral autoregulation, and acquired brain injury. We tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation also induces CNS-directed adaptive immune responses which may exacerbate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-associated brain injury.

DESIGN: A single center prospective observational study.

SETTING: Pediatric and cardiac ICUs at a single tertiary care, academic center.

PATIENTS: Twenty pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients (0-14 yr; 13 females, 7 males) and five nonextracorporeal membrane oxygenation Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction score matched patients.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Venous blood samples were …

Plga Scaffold Device, Tyler D. Tackabery, Bryce Powada, Tate Morell

Biomedical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Esophageal Mapping And Temperature Regulation For Catheter Ablation, Madison J. Keith, Morgan A. Jawitz, Sarah L. Sanders

Biomedical Engineering

The purpose of this document is to provide a development summary for a proposed esophageal temperature mapping device used during catheter ablation. Catheter ablation therapy is performed in the left atria with hot or cold materials to create scar tissue to treat atrial fibrillation. However, utilized temperatures and absorbed energies from the catheter can cause undesired esophageal damage. Therefore, this medical device is designed to monitor esophageal temperature and map its location during catheter ablation. If dangerous temperatures are reached, the device will alarm the surgeon.

This document provides an in-depth overview of the esophageal temperaturemapping device’s development and contains …

Concussion Indication Device, Taylor O'Donoghue, Isabel Jellen, Eric Shechter

Biomedical Engineering

In this document we summarize our intent to design and manufacture a device that will be used in conjunction with a football helmet, will detect impact forces to the head, and notify the user to seek out further medical attention when subjected to forces large enough to cause concussions. We describe the large market including all levels of football players and the need for improved technology that will not only be effective in elucidating risks but encouraging players to use the device over the alternatives. To design the device, we have researched the problem of concussions in football and have …

Fluid Delivery System For A Cell Culture On A Microfluidic Chip, Austin J. Roeder, Colleen A. Richards, Emily A. Matteson

Biomedical Engineering

This project report provides a description of the progress made in the development of a fluid delivery system for a microfluidic cell culture on a chip. The system is intended to be used in a humidified incubator in a university laboratory and the fluid delivery system is required to exist and operate within that incubator for extended periods of time. Therefore, the system will be gravity-driven and contain no electronic components. The key specification of the system is to provide fluid flow at a constant velocity.

After manufacturing and testing the device, all specifications were met except for the fluid …

Enhancement Of Viable Adipose-Derived Stem Cells In Lipoaspirate By Buffering Tumescent With Sodium Bicarbonate, Ashish Francis Md, Wei Z. Wang Md, Joshua J. Goldman Md, Xin-Hua Fang Mt, Shelley J. Williams Ms, Richard C. Baynosa Md; Facs

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Fat grafting is a growing field within plastic surgery. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and stromal vascular fracture (SVF) may have a role in fat graft survival. Our group previously demonstrated a detrimental effect on ASC survival by the lidocaine used in tumescent solution. Sodium bicarbonate (SB) buffers the acidity of lidocaine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SB buffering is a practical method to reduce ASC and SVF apoptosis and necrosis seen with common lidocaine-containing tumescent solution. Methods: Human patients undergoing bilateral liposuction for any indication were included in this study. An internally controlled, split-body design …

Accelerated Wear Reactor Testing, Tristan Frisella, Daniel Alanis, Kian Ashoubi

Biomedical Engineering

Carbon dioxide accounts for a large amount of global greenhouse gases released into the environment. Because plastic degradation emits carbon dioxide, there has been interest to investigate how much carbon dioxide various plastics generate as they degrade. We have been tasked to create a dehumidifier and carbon dioxide sensor assembly for an accelerated wear testing apparatus that degrades plastic. Several products and literature currently exist that share similarity with our assembly but have not been manufactured to achieve the same combination of measurements we are expecting of our accelerated wear testing device. The following report shall introduce these products and …

Pressure Cylinder Controlled Release Valve, Alexa Dominique Balbuena

Biomedical Engineering

This project aims to integrate an automatic gas release system in a pre-existing scaffold fabrication process for tissue engineering applications.

To form the proper scaffold structure, the fabrication process is heavily influenced by the change in its surrounding pressure. The current production involves a pressure transducer and electric valve that is managed manually to create a suitable pressure environment for the scaffold. This method, although functional, proves to be ineffective when creating several batches; the user needs to constantly monitor the developing pressure profile and alter voltage parameters accordingly to create a linear gas release under a predetermined slope.

To …

Perturbation Based Decomposition Of Semg Signals, Rachel Huettinger

Master's Theses

Surface electromyography records the motor unit action potential signals in the vicinity of the electrode to reveal information on muscle activation. Decomposition of sEMG signals for characterization of constituent motor unit action potentials in terms of amplitude and firing times is useful for clinical research as well as diagnosis of neurological disorders. Successful decomposition of sEMG signals would allow for pertinent motor unit action potential information to be acquired without discomfort to the subject or the need for a well-trained operator (compared with intramuscular EMG). To determine amplitudes and firing times for motor unit action potentials in an sEMG recording, …

Development Of A Myoelectric Detection Circuit Platform For Computer Interface Applications, Nickolas Andrew Butler

Master's Theses

Personal computers and portable electronics continue to rapidly advance and integrate into our lives as tools that facilitate efficient communication and interaction with the outside world. Now with a multitude of different devices available, personal computers are accessible to a wider audience than ever before. To continue to expand and reach new users, novel user interface technologies have been developed, such as touch input and gyroscopic motion, in which enhanced control fidelity can be achieved. For users with limited-to-no use of their hands, or for those who seek additional means to intuitively use and command a computer, novel sensory systems …

Hands-Free Ultrasound Transducer Attachment, Christina Harrison, Glenn Farina, Harshveer Dhaliwal

Biomedical Engineering

This document describes a background on current ultrasound technologies and the troubles that have inspired the need for a hands-free ultrasound transducer device, as well as the regulatory requirements, like patents and standard codes, for the intended invention. It also explains the Stage Gate Review process used to project plan the design of the device, a description of the final design and how it was developed, and the IQ/OQ/PQ. The objectives necessary to design this device, in order to meet all the requirements of the sponsor, are also summarized here. The design process including manufacturing instructions, prototype evolution, and the …

Foot Support Taping Device For Off-Loading Wounds, Andres Fojaco Gomez, Mikaela Williams, Josh Pelegrin

Biomedical Engineering

No abstract provided.