Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Reengineering Biomedical Engineering Curricula: A New Product Development Approach, Robert A. Scheidt, L. Waples, Kristina M. Ropella

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Product development engineers in medical industries have created design control procedures to ensure high quality designs that are as error-free as possible. The reason is simple; companies must adhere to certain engineering and manufacturing "best practices" in order to obtain certification of their devices for sale in the US and abroad. We describe here an ongoing effort to apply these industrial "best practices" to the design and implementation of a novel sequence of undergraduate biomedical computing courses within the Department of Bio-medical Engineering at Marquette University (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). We have tightly integrated our industrial advisory board into this design and …

Circulatory Adjuncts: Newer Methods Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Current standard CPR only provides about one fifth of normal forward blood flow and only about one quarter of the blood flow that is theoretically possible with advanced external techniques. Two such techniques are now approved as optional alternatives in resuscitation guidelines. This chapter reviews modern understanding of the physiology of blood flow during CPR and practical aspects of utilizing more advanced resuscitation methods. When properly performed these methods produce statistically significant increases in survival.

Optimum Compression To Ventilation Ratios In Cpr Under Realistic, Practical Conditions: A Physiological And Mathematical Analysis, Charles F. Babbs, Karl B. Kern

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Objective: To develop and evaluate a practical formula for the optimum ratio of compressions to ventilations in CPR. The optimum value of a parameter is that for which a desired result is maximized. Here the desired result is assumed to be either oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues or a combination of oxygen delivery and waste product removal. Method: Equations describing oxygen delivery and blood flow during CPR as functions of the number of compressions and the number of ventilations delivered over time were developed from principles of classical physiology. These equations were solved explicitly in terms of the compression/ventilation ratio …

Modelling Of The Glass Phase In Fly Ashes Using Network Connectivity Theory, Mark R. Towler, Kenneth T. Stanton, Patrick Mooney, Robert G. Hill, Natalia Moreno, Xavier Querol

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The amorphous phase of fly ash dominates degradation behaviour because glass has a higher potential energy than the equivalent crystal structure and the variation of bond angles and distances in a glass make the bond breakage easier. It would be advantageous to predict the presence and subsequent degradability of glass on the basis of the solid-state chemistry of the fly ash. To this end, and inorganic polymer model was applied to a selection of European fly ashes to determine the value known as cross-link density (CLD). A cross-link density value of less than two implies that the material is amorphous …

Presented Antigen From Damaged Pancreatic Beta Cells Activates Autoreactive T Cells In Virus-Mediated Autoimmune Diabetes., Marc S. Horwitz, Alex Ilic, Cody Fine, Enrique Rodriguez, Nora Sarvetnick

Journal Articles: Regenerative Medicine

The induction of autoimmunity by viruses has been attributed to numerous mechanisms. In mice, coxsackievirus B4 (CB4) induces insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) resembling the final step of disease progression in humans. The immune response following the viral insult clearly precipitates IDDM. However, the molecular pathway between viral infection and the subsequent activation of T cells specific for islet antigen has not been elucidated. These T cells could become activated through exposure to sequestered antigens released by damaged beta cells, or they could have responded to factors secreted by the inflammatory response itself. To distinguish between these possibilities, we treated mice …

Defining Benthic Organism Exposure: Bioavailability And Effects Of Non-Polar Organics, Marc Samuel Greenberg

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that factors such as the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and groundwater-surface water interactions (GSI) in the sediments can affect chemical desorption, bioavailability and benthic organism exposure. Laboratory studies were conducted with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (FLU) and the herbicide trifluralin (TF). Toxicokinetic parameters were determined for Lumbriculus variegatus and Hyalella azteca in water-only exposures to 0, 5, 20 and 50 µg/L of the compounds and bioaccumulation was measured during exposures to 0, 100 and 200 mg/kg of FLU and TF spiked onto sediments from Lakes Erie and Huron. …

A Physically Based Two-Dimensional Infiltration Model For Furrow Irrigation, Christopher J. Skonard, Derrel L. Martin

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Presentations and White Papers

A two-dimensional physically based infiltration model was developed for furrow
irrigation. Infiltration was simulated using the Green-Ampt infiltration method. The Green-Ampt infiltration parameters are available from numerous sources, unlike the Kostiakov infiltration parameters. Simulation tests showed the two-dimensional model capable of estimating cumulative infiltration volume within 8% compared to simulated infiltration using the finite element model, Hydrus-2D. Application of the two-dimensional model in a surface irrigation advance model allows irrigation performance parameters to be predicted without extensive soil experiments.

Impact Of Manure Application On Phosphorus Runoff And Soil Erosion, Daniel T. Walters, C. Gossin, Gregory J. Teichmeier, Galen E. Erickson

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

Phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural land is a serious environmental issue because of the impact of P on freshwater eutrophication (McDowell, et al., 2001). The movement of P from soil to surface water is impacted by P input to soil and manure management practices that impact P transport processes. Twenty-one natural runoff plots were established to monitor the effect of time and method of composted beef feedlot manure application and feed P input on net losses of bio-available P and sediment in surface runoff. Reducing feed P inputs resulted in a 33% reduction in manure P content. Runoff losses of …

Physical-Statistical Modeling And Optimization Of Cardiovascular Systems, Dongping Du

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Heart disease remains the No.1 leading cause of death in U.S. and in the world. To improve cardiac care services, there is an urgent need of developing early diagnosis of heart diseases and optimal intervention strategies. As such, it calls upon a better understanding of the pathology of heart diseases.

Computer simulation and modeling have been widely applied to overcome many practical and ethical limitations in in-vivo, ex-vivo, and whole-animal experiments. Computer experiments provide physiologists and cardiologists an indispensable tool to characterize, model and analyze cardiac function both in healthy and in diseased heart. Most importantly, simulation modeling empowers the …

Quasi-Exact Helical Cone Beam Reconstruction For Micro Ct, Jicun Hu, Robert C. Molthen, Roger Johnson, Steven Haworth, Christopher Dawson

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

A cone beam micro-CT system is set up to collect truncated helical cone beam data. This system includes a micro-focal X-ray source, a precision computer-controlled X-Y-Z-theta stage, and an image-intensifier coupled to a large format CCD detector. The helical scanning mode is implemented by rotating and translating the stage while keeping X-ray source and detector stationary. A chunk of bone and a mouse leg are scanned and quasi-exact reconstruction is performed using the approach proposed in J. Hu et al. (2001). This approach introduced the original idea of accessory paths with upper and lower virtual detectors having infinite axial extent. …

An Approach To Sequence Dna Without Tagging, Sanjun Niu, Ravi F. Saraf

Ravi Saraf Publications

Microarray technology is playing an increasingly important role in biology and medicine and its application to genomics for gene expression analysis has already reached the market with a variety of commercially available instruments. In these combinatorial analysis methods, known probe single-strand DNA (ssDNA) “primers” are attached in clusters of typically 100 μm × 100 μm pixels. Each pixel of the array has a slightly different sequence. On exposure to “unknown” target ssDNA, the pixels with the right complementary probe ssDNA sequence convert to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) by a hybridization reaction. To transduct the conversion of the pixel to dsDNA, the …

Immobilization Of Pseudomonas Cepacia Lipase By Sol-Gel Entrapment And Its Application In The Hydrolysis Of Soybean Oil, Hossein Noureddini, X Gao, S Joshi, P R. Wagner

Papers in Biomaterials

The immobilization of Lipase PS from Pseudomonas cepacia by entrapment within a chemically inert hydrophobic sol-gel support was studied. The gel-entrapped lipase was prepared by the hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with methyltrimeth-oxysilane (MTMS), isobutyltrimethoxysilane (iso-BTMS), and n-butyltrimethoxysilane. The immobilized lipase was subsequently used in the hydrolysis of soybean oil to determine its activity, recyclability, and thermostability. The biocatalyst so prepared was equal to or better than the free enzyme in its hydrolytic activity. The catalytic activity of the entrapped lipase strongly depended on the type of precursor that was used in its preparation. The lipase entrapped within TMOS/iso-BTMS showed the …

A Pneumatically Actuated Manipulandum For Neuromotor Control Research, Aaron J Suminski, Kristina M. Ropella, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques have great potential for identifying which neural structures are involved in the control of goal-directed reaching movements. However, fMRI techniques alone are not capable of probing the neural mechanisms involved in acquisition of novel motor behaviors because such studies require that the moving limb be perturbed in a controlled fashion. We outline a plan to design and develop a non-metallic, pneumatically actuated tool that, along with systems identification techniques and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), will characterize and quantify how the human central nervous system uses sensory information during practice-based motor learning.