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Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons™
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Articles 31 - 60 of 99
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Predictive Model For Design Of A 3d Developmental Neurotoxicity Platform, Emma Barrett-Catton, Murial Ross, Cameron Read
Predictive Model For Design Of A 3d Developmental Neurotoxicity Platform, Emma Barrett-Catton, Murial Ross, Cameron Read
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Exposure to developmental toxins during gestation have been shown to be linked to neurological disorders such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, and dyslexia [1] . In this report we describe efforts that represent the ground work to develop a predictive neurotoxicity model to test developmental toxicity on early neuronal differentiation from drugs and toxins for human consumption or exposure. Developmental toxins are toxins that prevent stem cell differentiation into neurons by impacting neural development [2] . Currency technologies used to evaluate a compound's potential as a developmental toxin are centered around culturing stem cells in a two-dimensional environment or exposing animal models …
Classifying Brainwaves For Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Derrick Wang, Brendan Lawler
Classifying Brainwaves For Brain-Computer Interface Technology, Derrick Wang, Brendan Lawler
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The intention of this project is to develop a brainwave classification system that will help restore the independence of those with severe motor function impairments. While current brain computer interface (BCI) technology offers a means of control for those with limited mobility, severely motor disabled individuals represent a population in need of methods to restore independent motor control. Thus, the objective of our project is to utilize neural signals from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings to develop a machine learning classifier. Since our specific goal is to help those with limited mobility, we are focusing on motion imagery tasks which elicit a …
Flow Visualization Of Bolus Microcapsule Delivery Through 3d Printed Microneedles, Sophie Quisling, Leana Vestal, Alexis Enstrom
Flow Visualization Of Bolus Microcapsule Delivery Through 3d Printed Microneedles, Sophie Quisling, Leana Vestal, Alexis Enstrom
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Microneedle arrays are an emerging technology that offers a novel drug delivery system to treat a variety of skin wounds and diseases. The needles deliver therapeutics to the epidermis layer of the skin and therefore establish advantageous qualities over the standard hypodermic needle as they are non-invasive, efficient in biologic absorption, and can be self-administered. This project investigates a custom 3D-printed hollow microneedle device created by a Santa Clara University Senior Design team in 2018 for microencapsulated cell extrusion to be applied for accelerated wound healing. The goal of our project is to operate in the therapeutic range for flowrate …
High Throughput And On-Chip Analysis Of Engineered Extracellular Nano-Vesicles And Their Functional Characterizations, Brendan Johnson, Jiayi Zhang
High Throughput And On-Chip Analysis Of Engineered Extracellular Nano-Vesicles And Their Functional Characterizations, Brendan Johnson, Jiayi Zhang
Bioengineering Senior Theses
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown great promises as drug delivery vehicles to treat various diseases, including cancer and neurological diseases. EV surface engineering is a critical step to achieve targeted drug delivery. By engineering EVs with transmembrane scaffolds, targeting molecules can be displayed on the EV outer surface, and cargos can be loaded into the EV lumen. However, EV heterogeneity and inadequate EV purification and characterization methods impose great challenges on understanding engineered EVs and choosing appropriate transmembrane scaffolds. To this day, surface engineered EVs are still limited to lab research. In this thesis, we modify the …
Skin Phantom For Biowearable Device Testing, Ruby Karimjee, Brooke Fitzwilson, Jordan Spice
Skin Phantom For Biowearable Device Testing, Ruby Karimjee, Brooke Fitzwilson, Jordan Spice
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The biowearable industry currently utilizes animals, humans, and cadavers for testing skin mounted bio-devices. There is a need for a sustainable skin phantom that is capable of simulating the properties of skin. We proposed a skin phantom educational kit that emulates the perspiration and electrical properties (i.e. impedance spectrum) of skin. This kit can mimic the effects of different sweat concentrations and geometrical structures and allows students to visualize how these properties change electrical measurements. We designed a three-layered model composed of silicone rubber sandwiched between agar, which is similar to the skin's elastomeric and porous texture. We used simple …
Classification Of Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning And Mammogram Images, Travis Kay, Derrick Dang Nguyen, Lashan Wijayawickrama
Classification Of Breast Cancer Using Deep Learning And Mammogram Images, Travis Kay, Derrick Dang Nguyen, Lashan Wijayawickrama
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among US women. Thus, it is important for doctors to detect and diagnose breast cancer as early as possible. Mammography has been used for about 30 years, but there have been rapid developments using digital mammography technology and computer aided systems to help improve breast imaging. Deep learning techniques are being developed to provide a more effective tool for the classification of breast cancer. We adopt a transfer learning approach and fine-tune a pre-trained convolutional neural network model for accurate classification of breast masses based on screening mammograms. The model …
G-Map: Gastrointestinal Myoelectric Activity Phantom, Kei Castleberry, Sarah King, Edie O’Connor
G-Map: Gastrointestinal Myoelectric Activity Phantom, Kei Castleberry, Sarah King, Edie O’Connor
Bioengineering Senior Theses
In the biowearable industry, there is a need for benchtop testing methods that present cost-effective, consistent, and ethical alternatives to current preclinical testing. Artificial phantoms serve to meet this need by mimicking the clinically relevant elements that biowearables monitor. They act as a tool for demonstrating a medical device’s safety and efficacy. The objective of this project is to create a gastrointestinal (GI) phantom that emulates the electrical and material properties of the stomach, small intestine, and colon in order to test diagnostic GI biowearables. Our team also aimed to create a computer-simulated model of the phantom in order to …
Artificial Lumbar Spinal Disc Implant For Treating Degenerative Disc Disease, Sara Layton, Nikhil Pai, Michael Rueckert
Artificial Lumbar Spinal Disc Implant For Treating Degenerative Disc Disease, Sara Layton, Nikhil Pai, Michael Rueckert
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Degenerative disc disease has been one of the leading causes of debilitating back pain, affecting more than 400 million people yearly worldwide. This disease is so common that top neurosurgeons around the world are performing multiple surgeries every day to help relieve their patients of constant pain. The recovery time after an intense lumbar replacement surgery could vary from patient to patient but something most patients have in common is they do not want to do it again because they need to replace the disc after a few years. This is why our team is led by a top Neurosurgeon, …
Optimal Reactor Configuration Of A Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Bacteria Genetically Engineered To Degrade Urea, Ann Mcmonigal, Sarah Khoilian, David Bengford
Optimal Reactor Configuration Of A Microbial Fuel Cell Containing Bacteria Genetically Engineered To Degrade Urea, Ann Mcmonigal, Sarah Khoilian, David Bengford
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The original specific aim of this project was to use a microbial fuel cell (MFC) fueled by the catabolism of E. coli DH5α (pKAU17) bacteria in order generate current as a result of urea degradation. The initial design plan was to test the bacteria outside of the MFC, obtain power measurements,, and finally, construct an electrochemical model that would be compared to an existing theoretical model developed at SCU. Using a 0.25 L anode chamber, graphite electrodes and a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymercopolymer proton exchange membrane the galvanic cell was constructed. In response to constraints, the design plan was modified …
Novel Cancer Treatment Using Engineered Exosomes To Disrupt Cancer’S Immune Escape, Abena Boateng, Carley Fowler, Maritza Soria
Novel Cancer Treatment Using Engineered Exosomes To Disrupt Cancer’S Immune Escape, Abena Boateng, Carley Fowler, Maritza Soria
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States1. This disease has impacted billions worldwide and has led to an ever-increasing burden on the healthcare system. Over the last couple of years, researchers have improved upon conventional cancer therapy that includes chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. One novel approach is immunotherapy, which shows great potential because it has the ability to directly target cancerous cells2. This is a viable treatment because most cancers develop the ability to block immune pathways and evade the killer immune cells in what is known as cancer immune …
Cervis: Cervical Cancer Early Response Visual Identification System, Kira Palazzo, Lauren Serfas, Juliana Trujillo
Cervis: Cervical Cancer Early Response Visual Identification System, Kira Palazzo, Lauren Serfas, Juliana Trujillo
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The goal of CERVIS is to increase screening for cervical cancer through the development of a low-cost, minimally invasive screening procedure for women in low-resource settings that requires minimal healthcare expertise. There currently exist two primary screening procedures: the Pap smear, primarily used in developed countries, and visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), primarily used in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Both of these procedures require a high degree of healthcare training in order to administer and interpret, and are highly invasive, requiring direct interaction with the cervix. Our alternative procedure utilizes a particular bacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum , within the …
Milkguard: A Low-Cost Hydrogel Sensor For The Detection Of Escherichia Coli In Donated Human Breast Milk, Emily Brogan, Ariana Haddad, Bridget Woody
Milkguard: A Low-Cost Hydrogel Sensor For The Detection Of Escherichia Coli In Donated Human Breast Milk, Emily Brogan, Ariana Haddad, Bridget Woody
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Breast milk is considered the gold standard of infant nutrition. However , many women around the world lack the ability to breastfeed their children due to disease, malnutrition, time constraints, or cultural considerations. Human breast milk banks exist to collect and distribute breast milk , allowing the greatest number of infants to have access to safe breast milk for optimal nutrition. To ensure the safety of the breast milk that is donated and distributed, milk banks must pasteurize and test donated breast milk for biological hazards such as bacteria. While pasteurization methods in the United States and other highly developed …
Identification Of Messenger Molecule Between Mammalian And Bacterial Cells, Anna Fraser-Philbin, Alexander Heiler
Identification Of Messenger Molecule Between Mammalian And Bacterial Cells, Anna Fraser-Philbin, Alexander Heiler
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The rapid escalation of the antibiotic resistance crisis has brought attention to the decline in efficiency of antibiotics which have long been a cornerstone of modern medicine. This project aims to provide novel drug targets for the creation of anti-infective immunotherapies that can treat drug-resistant infections. The identification of said drug target(s) (Molecule X) will allow for the development of an antibody based drug that will neutralize bacterial virulence rather than killing the bacteria. Molecule X will be bound using the protein Sortase A (SrtA). SrtA is a surface protein that controls the virulence of gram positive bacteria by anchoring …
Brainwave Classification For Eeg-Based Neurofeedback, Brent Baculi, Stuart Cansdale
Brainwave Classification For Eeg-Based Neurofeedback, Brent Baculi, Stuart Cansdale
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The aim of this project was to find a way to differentiate active and rested brain signals in a patient using tasks without bodily movement to provide extremely motorly disabled patients a method of control for robotic devices that enable them to move independently of a caretaker. Although many control methods exist for less severely motorly impaired patients, this method would improve quality of life for all patients by allowing for movements to be controlled exclusively using the brain. The three steps for our project were to define the tasks and collect data, process the signals, and run the processed …
Engineering A Switchable Nanosystem For Customizable Therapeutics, David Diebold, Hanzhe Chen
Engineering A Switchable Nanosystem For Customizable Therapeutics, David Diebold, Hanzhe Chen
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Exosomes are nanovesicles that are naturally secreted by mammalian cells in vivo for intercellular communications. Due to their inherent targeting ability, exosomes have a potential for therapeutic applications. However, due to their physiological derivation, the isolation of engineered exosomes has been a major obstacle to their therapeutic application, and successful disease-targeting has been difficult to control. Recently, we have developed an exosome technology that borrows from switchable Chimeric Antigen Receptor (sCAR) T-Cell Therapy and Strep-tag engineering to overcome these obstacles. Here, we describe the development of a de novo method to produce genetically modified exosomes with switchable targeting ability and …
Predicting Depression Progression Rates In Radiotherapy Patients, Ardella Phoa, Joshua Vincent, Shani Williams
Predicting Depression Progression Rates In Radiotherapy Patients, Ardella Phoa, Joshua Vincent, Shani Williams
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Cancer is a highly prevalent disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In addition to the physiological effects of the disease, cancer patients are more likely to be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Unfortunately, prior research has shown that MDD can also decrease the efficacy of radiotherapy cancer treatments. Currently, there is no way to predict, prevent, or mitigate this comorbidity, preventing physicians from administering supplemental therapies. In this paper, we propose a low-cost and efficient computational tool that can be utilized to quantify a patient’s likelihood of developing depression. To do so, we used PET images and a …
Microfluidic Liquid Biopsy For Cancer Prognosis, Brendan Heap, Anthony Ramirez Guerrero, Sam Nichols
Microfluidic Liquid Biopsy For Cancer Prognosis, Brendan Heap, Anthony Ramirez Guerrero, Sam Nichols
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Leukemia is a deadly and common cancer, especially in children and adolescents. The misdiagnosis and unexpected complications during the treatment are some factors that increase the mortality rate of leukemia. The goal of our project was to create a device that would quickly and accurately assess these complications. While there are existing tests that can perform a single test for either metastasis or sepsis, there are none that can test for both simultaneously and rapidly. We propose to modify and combine some of these existing microfluidic designs as well as create a new component to perform a combinatorial assessment. While …
Anti-Infective Mechanism-Based Drug Discovery Via Sortase A, Huong Chau, Alice Matsuda, Leepakshi Johar
Anti-Infective Mechanism-Based Drug Discovery Via Sortase A, Huong Chau, Alice Matsuda, Leepakshi Johar
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Sortase A is a transmembrane protein prominent in gram-negative bacterial strains. It is a virulence factor that anchors other proteins, which facilitate MRSA infections. In the long term, we plan to utilize this protein to create anti-infective drugs as antibiotic resistance continues to become a global health issue. Starting with five NIH drug candidates, we decided to first study Sortase A with B12 due to its historical past of ancient civilizations using natural sources of B12 to treat infections. Our senior design is further centered around understanding how vitamin B12 interacts with Sortase A in vitro, particularly the binding affinity …
Effects Of Glycation On Blood Protein Interactions With Nanomaterials: A Biophysical And Cytotoxicity Study, Karl Baumgartner, Madeline Eiken
Effects Of Glycation On Blood Protein Interactions With Nanomaterials: A Biophysical And Cytotoxicity Study, Karl Baumgartner, Madeline Eiken
Bioengineering Senior Theses
When engineered nanoparticles (NPs) enter into a biological system, the proteins and biomolecules in the system adsorb to the NP surface to form a “protein corona” (PC). The PC greatly influences NP transformations, biological interactions, and cell response. Further complicating the development of NPs for biomedical applications, disease states alter the population of proteins and changes the biophysical features of individual proteins through posttranslational modifications. Here-in, we aim to understand how glycation of the PC, as in uncontrolled diabetes, alters the NP-PC interaction and toxicity by conducting biochemistry and cell toxicity experiments. We focus upon 40 and 80 nm citrate-coated …
Cervis: Cervical Cancer Early Response Visual Identification System, Julia Lanoha, Claire Hultquist, Rosie Mcdonagh, Hallie Mcnamara
Cervis: Cervical Cancer Early Response Visual Identification System, Julia Lanoha, Claire Hultquist, Rosie Mcdonagh, Hallie Mcnamara
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The goal of CERVIS is to make a substantial, positive impact in the cervical cancer screening space through the development of a minimally invasive, cost effective solution that enables women in low-resource settings to test for cervical cancer on a frugal and effective platform. In the developed world, there are a variety of options that can aid in early detection, including Pap smears. However, due to the high cost and laboratory requirements that accompany this procedure, women in low-resource settings rarely have access to this preventative care or regular screenings for cervical cancer. Using new research about the changes in …
Microfluidic Chip For High Efficiency Microinjection Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Delaney Gray, Alex Hadsell, Jessica Talamantes
Microfluidic Chip For High Efficiency Microinjection Of Caenorhabditis Elegans, Delaney Gray, Alex Hadsell, Jessica Talamantes
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The terrestrial nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is an invaluable model organism for the study of molecular and cellular processes due to their small size, rapid generation time, easy cultivation, and invariant cell number. Additionally, 40% of genes known to be associated with human disease have clear orthologs in the C. elegans genome. In C. elegans genetics research, microinjection of genetic material into the worms is critical. Although an established technique, manual microinjection is tedious, low-throughput, and requires an expert researcher. This thesis details a novel microfluidic device designed to perform high-throughput microinjection. This two-layer, PDMS-based chip integrates microfluidic elements to …
Assessment Of Hand Gestures Using Wearable Sensors And Fuzzy Logic, Angel Cardenas, Ryan Messersmith, Will Newcomb
Assessment Of Hand Gestures Using Wearable Sensors And Fuzzy Logic, Angel Cardenas, Ryan Messersmith, Will Newcomb
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Hand dexterity and motor control are critical in our everyday lives because a significant portion of the daily motions we perform are with our hands and require some degree of repetition and skill. Therefore, development of technologies for hand and extremity rehabilitation is a significant area of research that will directly help patients recovering from hand debilities sustained from causes ranging from stroke and Parkinson’s disease to trauma and common injuries. Cyclic activity recognition and assessment is appropriate for hand and extremity rehabilitation because a majority of our essential motions are cyclic in their nature. For a patient on the …
Nebuflask: Advancing Usability Of Nebulizers To Increase Patient Compliance, Murray Bartho, Michael Breshock, Megan Nolte
Nebuflask: Advancing Usability Of Nebulizers To Increase Patient Compliance, Murray Bartho, Michael Breshock, Megan Nolte
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Nebulizers are ubiquitous in the world of medicine. Any patient diagnosed with asthma, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), or any other severe lung disease often use a nebulizer in order to deliver medication to the lungs. Although these technologies are quite common, they are surprisingly outdated. The most commonly used nebulizers today are bulky, loud, awkward to carry around, and must be plugged into an outlet. These aspects of the nebulizer make it a nuisance to use in general and almost impossible to use outside of the home or clinic. The ultrasonic and mesh nebulizers do address …
High-Throughput, Portable Microfluidic Aptamer Assay, Atticus Mccoy, Matthew Curtin
High-Throughput, Portable Microfluidic Aptamer Assay, Atticus Mccoy, Matthew Curtin
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Aptamer-based assays are a powerful platform for sensing a wide variety of biochemical targets, including drugs, disease biomarker, and biomolecules. However, aptamer assays often lack rapid identification and high-throughput screening. Performing an aptamer-based assay on a microfluidic device is a promising solution to increase throughput, portability, and sensitivity. In this paper, we present a microfluidic device capable of running aptamer-based assays. Our device utilizes normally-closed valves and a central micropump to move fluids throughout the chip. One chip could theoretically be scaled up to run multiple assays, and multiple of these microfluidic devices could be run in parallel to increase …
Noninvasive Screening Of A Fecal Biomarker For Human Necrotizing Enterocolitis (Nec), Daniela Campa, Kyle Sullivan
Noninvasive Screening Of A Fecal Biomarker For Human Necrotizing Enterocolitis (Nec), Daniela Campa, Kyle Sullivan
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease that predominantly affects preterm infants. Of the 10% of preterm neonates that develop NEC, about one in four cases results in death. The pathophysiology presents as inflammation of intestinal epithelial cell lining and subsequent tissue death, sometimes resulting in intestinal perforations. The underlying mechanisms have yet to be comprehensively identified. Diagnosis--the rate limiting step in reducing critical disease-onset-to-treatment time--is based on relatively nonspecific signs, impeding early and accurate diagnosis. This project, a collaborative effort between Santa Clara and Stanford Universities, aims to improve current diagnostic methods by identifying the first verifiable and useful fecal …
Production Of Living Nanoparticles For Blood Cancer Therapy, Michael Pierotti, Matthew Piro, Peter Mitchell
Production Of Living Nanoparticles For Blood Cancer Therapy, Michael Pierotti, Matthew Piro, Peter Mitchell
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Current cancer therapies leave much to be desired because they are very harmful to the patient and cause a significant decrease in quality of life. Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) are a promising novel approach for treating specific types of leukemia due to their binding affinity for proteins expressed solely on leukemia B cells. This approach increases specificity of how cells receive treatment, thus allowing for the destruction of cancerous cells while leaving the healthy cells unharmed. In this experiment, we show that production of CAR expressing exosomes (liposome like vesicles produced naturally by human cells) is possible through cell transfection. …
Active Auxetic Heel Support For Achilles Tendon Therapy, Anna Hinrichs, Kseniya Malukhina, Ishaan Sharma, Micaela Vierra
Active Auxetic Heel Support For Achilles Tendon Therapy, Anna Hinrichs, Kseniya Malukhina, Ishaan Sharma, Micaela Vierra
Bioengineering Senior Theses
The Achilles tendon, which stretches from the calf to the ankle, can be injured due to repeated daily activities or overstretching. In severe cases a tear in the tendon can prevent athletes from performing in games as well as individuals from completing their daily tasks. Achilles tendon injuries affect millions of people. The severe pain that occurs upon injury can take months to improve and for the Achilles tendon to heal. Our goal is to design an auxetic support to provide comfort, help heal the tendon, and allow the individual to continue to be active through the natural healing process. …
Modifying The Size Of Nanopores Of Alginate Microcapsules, Andrea Filler, Jordan Levine, Jerard Roniel Madamba, Natalie Ploof
Modifying The Size Of Nanopores Of Alginate Microcapsules, Andrea Filler, Jordan Levine, Jerard Roniel Madamba, Natalie Ploof
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Alginate hydrogels provide desirable biocompatibility and material properties for various biomedical applications, but are limited by the polymer's natural pore size. With the rise of nanotechnology, the desired crosslinked pore size range of 30 nm to 100 nm has not yet been achieved. This project aimed to develop a method to increase the pore size of alginate-based hydrogels in a reproducible manner without compromising their structural integrity. Experimental methods included altering alginate composition using carboxymethyl cellulose or gelatin and inducing conformational changes via Mach-1TM mechanical compression. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize the diffusion of FITC-dextran weight markers and fluorescent …
Cervis: Cervical Cancer Early Response Visual Identification System, Evangelia Bouzos, Ivy Fernandes, Marina Predovic
Cervis: Cervical Cancer Early Response Visual Identification System, Evangelia Bouzos, Ivy Fernandes, Marina Predovic
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Our goal is to make a positive impact in the cervical cancer diagnostic space through the development of an accurate, cost effective solution that enables women in low resource settings to test for cervical cancer on a frugal and effective platform. In developed countries, we rely on regular preventive care, such as pap smears, to identify any cellular abnormalities that may indicate the disease state. However, due to the high cost and laboratory requirements of this procedure, women in low resource settings typically do not have access to this procedure. Since they are not regularly screened and often have little …
Engineered Living Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Inflammatory Diseases, Annie Brown, Alex Campanelli, Adarsh Tantry
Engineered Living Nanoparticles For The Treatment Of Inflammatory Diseases, Annie Brown, Alex Campanelli, Adarsh Tantry
Bioengineering Senior Theses
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread, debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by painful inflammation of the joints. Current treatments for RA are either ineffective, expensive, or have undesirable effects, such as an adverse immune response. To mitigate these effects, we have designed an exosome-based treatment for inflammation. We chose to utilize exosomes for their longer half-life in the body, better penetrative capacity, and biocompatibility, thus improving upon previous RA treatments. To do this, we created a stable cell line to produce exosomes modified at the surface to express a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), which possesses the ability to act as …