Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

People With Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Have Impaired Reactive Balance During Walking, Timothy F. Boerger, Learon Mcginn, Megan Bellman, Marjorie C. Wang, Brian D. Schmit, Allison S. Hyngstrom

Physical Therapy Faculty Research and Publications

Background

People with degenerative cervical myelopathy are known to have impaired standing balance and walking abilities, but less is known about balance responses during walking.

Research question

The aim of this project was to assess reactive balance impairments during walking in people with degenerative cervical myelopothy (PwDCM). We hypothesized that center of mass motion following perturbations would be larger in PwDCM and gluteus medius electromyographic amplitude responses would be decreased in PwDCM.

Methods

Reactive balance responses were quantified during unanticipated lateral pulls to the waist while treadmill walking. Walking biomechanics data were collected from 10 PwDCM (F=6) and 10 non-myelopathic …

Gamma Amplitude-Envelope Correlations Are Strongly Elevated Within Hyperexcitable Networks In Focal Epilepsy, Manoj Raghavan, Jared Pilet, Chad Carlson, Christopher T. Anderson, Wade Mueller, Sean Lew, Candida Ustine, Priyanka Shah-Basak, Vahab Youssofzadeh, Scott A. Beardsley

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Methods to quantify cortical hyperexcitability are of enormous interest for mapping epileptic networks in patients with focal epilepsy. We hypothesize that, in the resting state, cortical hyperexcitability increases firing-rate correlations between neuronal populations within seizure onset zones (SOZs). This hypothesis predicts that in the gamma frequency band (40–200 Hz), amplitude envelope correlations (AECs), a relatively straightforward measure of functional connectivity, should be elevated within SOZs compared to other areas. To test this prediction, we analyzed archived samples of interictal electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals recorded from patients who became seizure-free after surgery targeting SOZs identified by multiday intracranial recordings. We show that …

Designing A Use-Error Robust Machine Learning Model For Quantitative Analysis Of Diffuse Reflectance Spectra, Allison Scarbrough, Keke Chen, Bing Yu

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Significance

Machine learning (ML)-enabled diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is increasingly used as an alternative to the computation-intensive inverse Monte Carlo (MCI) simulation to predict tissue’s optical properties, including the absorption coefficient,μaand reduced scattering coefficient, μs′.

Aim

We aim to develop a use-error-robust ML algorithm for optical property prediction from DRS spectra.

Approach

We developed a wavelength-independent regressor (WIR) to predict optical properties from DRS data. For validation, we generated 1520 simulated DRS spectra with the forward Monte Carlo model, where μa=0.44 to 2.45cm−1, and μs′=6.53 to 9.58cm−1. We introduced common use-errors, such as wavelength miscalibrations and intensity fluctuations. Finally, we …

Bilateral Arm Movements Are Coordinated Via Task-Dependent Negotiations Between Independent And Codependent Control, But Not By A “Coupling” Control Policy, Nick M. Kitchen, Jisung Yuk, Andrzej Przybyla, Robert A. Scheidt, Robert L. Sainburg

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Prior research has shown that coordination of bilateral arm movements might be attributed to either control policies that minimize performance and control costs regardless of bilateral symmetry or by control coupling, which activates bilaterally homologous muscles as a single unit to achieve symmetric performance. We hypothesize that independent bimanual control (movements of one arm are performed without influence on the other) and codependent bimanual control (two arms are constrained to move together with high spatiotemporal symmetry) are two extremes on a coordination spectrum that can be negotiated to meet infinite variations in task demands. To better understand and distinguish between …

Contribution Of Implicit Memory To Adaptation Of Movement Extent During Reaching Against Unpredictable Spring-Like Loads: Insensitivity To Intentional Suppression Of Kinematic Performance, Devon D. Lantagne, Leigh A. Mrotek, James B. Hoelzle, Danny G. Thomas, Robert A. Scheidt

Psychology Faculty Research and Publications

We examined the extent to which intentionally underperforming a goal-directed reaching task impacts how memories of recent performance contribute to sensorimotor adaptation. Healthy human subjects performed computerized cognition testing and an assessment of sensorimotor adaptation, wherein they grasped the handle of a horizontal planar robot while making goal-directed out-and-back reaching movements. The robot exerted forces that resisted hand motion with a spring-like load that changed unpredictably between movements. The robotic test assessed how implicit and explicit memories of sensorimotor performance contribute to the compensation for the unpredictable changes in the hand-held load. After each movement, subjects were to recall and …

Scan2drawing: Use Of Deep Learning For As-Built Model Landscape Architecture, Sisi Han, Yuhan Jiang, Yilei Huang, Mingzhu Wang, Yong Bai, Andrea Spool-White

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This paper presents an innovative and fully automatic solution of generating as-built computer-aided design (CAD) drawings for landscape architecture (LA) with three dimensional (3D) reality data scanned via drone, camera, and LiDAR. To start with the full pipeline, 2D feature images of ortho-image and elevation-map are converted from the reality data. A deep learning-based light convolutional encoder–decoder was developed, and compared with U-Net (a binary segmentation model), for image pixelwise segmentation to realize automatic site surface classification, object detection, and ground control point identification. Then, the proposed elevation clustering and segmentation algorithms can automatically extract contours for each instance from …

Cortical Effects Of Wrist Tendon Vibration During An Arm Tracking Task In Chronic Stroke Survivors: An Eeg Study, Dylan B. Snyder, Scott A. Beardsley, Allison S. Hyngstrom, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in cortical activity and connectivity in stroke survivors when vibration is applied to the wrist flexor tendons during a visuomotor tracking task. Data were collected from 10 chronic stroke participants and 10 neurologically-intact controls while tracking a target through a figure-8 pattern in the horizontal plane. Electroencephalography (EEG) was used to measure cortical activity (beta band desynchronization) and connectivity (beta band task-based coherence) with movement kinematics and performance error also being recorded during the task. All participants came into our lab on two separate days and performed three blocks (16 trials …

Development Of Fibroblast/Endothelial Cell-Seeded Collagen Scaffolds For In Vitro Prevascularization, Daniela S. Masson-Meyers, Fahimeh Tabatabaei, Lane Steinhaus, Jeffrey M. Toth, Lobat Tayebi

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The development of vascularized scaffolds remains one of the major challenges in tissue engineering, and co-culturing with endothelial cells is known as one of the possible approaches for this purpose. In this approach, optimization of cell culture conditions, scaffolds, and fabrication techniques is needed to develop tissue equivalents that will enable in vitro formation of a capillary network. Prevascularized equivalents will be more physiologically comparable to the native tissues and potentially prevent insufficient vascularization after implantation. This study aimed to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), alone or in co-culture with fibroblasts, on collagen scaffolds prepared by simple fabrication …

Extended Training Improves The Accuracy And Efficiency Of Goal-Directed Reaching Guided By Supplemental Kinesthetic Vibrotactile Feedback, Valay A. Shah, Ashiya Thomas, Leigh A. Mrotek, Maura Casadio, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Prior studies have shown that the accuracy and efficiency of reaching can be improved using novel sensory interfaces to apply task-specific vibrotactile feedback (VTF) during movement. However, those studies have typically evaluated performance after less than 1 h of training using VTF. Here, we tested the effects of extended training using a specific form of vibrotactile cues—supplemental kinesthetic VTF—on the accuracy and temporal efficiency of goal-directed reaching. Healthy young adults performed planar reaching with VTF encoding of the moving hand's instantaneous position, applied to the non-moving arm. We compared target capture errors and movement times before, during, and after approximately …

Relationships Among Shoulder Rotational Strength, Range Of Motion, Pitching Kinetics, And Pitch Velocity In Collegiate Baseball Pitchers, Janelle A. Cross, Austin William Higgins, Cody C. Dziuk, Gerald F. Harris, William G. Raasch

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Relationships among shoulder rotational strength, range of motion, pitching kinetics, and pitch velocity in collegiate baseball pitchers. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 129–135, 2023—Throwing shoulder injuries are the most common type of injury experienced by baseball pitchers. Weakness in the shoulder musculature and insufficient throwing arm range of motion are both risk factors for developing a shoulder injury. The goal of this study was to determine correlations among shoulder rotational strength, range of motion, pitching kinetics, and pitch velocity in collegiate pitchers. Thirteen uninjured male college pitchers were evaluated. Clinical measures included shoulder internal and external rotation range of motion, …

Aortic Remodeling Kinetics In Response To Coarctation-Induced Mechanical Perturbations, Arash Ghorbannia, Mehdi Maadooliat, Ronald K. Woods, Said H. Audi, Brandon J. Tefft, Claudio Chiastra, El Sayed H. Ibrahim, John F. Ladisa Jr.

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA; constriction of the proximal descending thoracic aorta) is among the most common congenital cardiovascular defects. Coarctation-induced mechanical perturbations trigger a cycle of mechano-transduction events leading to irreversible precursors of hypertension including arterial thickening, stiffening, and vasoactive dysfunction in proximal conduit arteries. This study sought to identify kinetics of the stress-mediated compensatory response leading to these alterations using a preclinical rabbit model of CoA.

Methods: A prior growth and remodeling (G&R) framework was reformulated and fit to empirical measurements from CoA rabbits classified into one control and nine CoA groups of various severities …

Utility And Usability Of Two Forms Of Supplemental Vibrotactile Kinesthetic Feedback For Enhancing Movement Accuracy And Efficiency In Goal-Directed Reaching, Ramsey K. Rayes, Rachel N. Mazorow, Leigh A. Mrotek, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Recent advances in wearable sensors and computing have made possible the development of novel sensory augmentation technologies that promise to enhance human motor performance and quality of life in a wide range of applications. We compared the objective utility and subjective user experience for two biologically inspired ways to encode movement-related information into supplemental feedback for the real-time control of goal-directed reaching in healthy, neurologically intact adults. One encoding scheme mimicked visual feedback encoding by converting real-time hand position in a Cartesian frame of reference into supplemental kinesthetic feedback provided by a vibrotactile display attached to the non-moving arm and …

When Intercepting Moving Targets, Mid-Movement Error Corrections Reflect Distinct Responses To Visual And Haptic Perturbations, Pablo Gonzalez Polanco, Leigh A. Mrotek, Kristy A. Nielson, Scott A. Beardsley, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We examined a key aspect of sensorimotor skill: the capability to correct performance errors that arise mid-movement. Participants grasped the handle of a robot that imposed a nominal viscous resistance to hand movement. They watched a target move pseudo-randomly just above the horizontal plane of hand motion and initiated quick interception movements when cued. On some trials, the robot's viscosity or the target's speed changed without warning coincident with the GO cue. We fit a sum-of-Gaussians model to mechanical power measured at the handle to determine the number, magnitude, and relative timing of submovements occurring in each interception attempt. When …

Intergrader Agreement Of Foveal Cone Topography Measured Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy, Niamh Wynne, Jenna A. Cava, Mina Gaffney, Heather Heitkotter, Abigail Scheidt, Jenny L. Reiniger, Jenna Grieshop, Kai Yang, Wolf M. Harmening, Robert F. Cooper, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The foveal cone mosaic can be directly visualized using adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). Previous studies in individuals with normal vision report wide variability in the topography of the foveal cone mosaic, especially the value of peak cone density (PCD). While these studies often involve a human grader, there have been no studies examining intergrader reproducibility of foveal cone mosaic metrics. Here we re-analyzed published AOSLO foveal cone images from 44 individuals to assess the relationship between the cone density centroid (CDC) location and the location of PCD. Across 5 graders with variable experience, we found a measurement error …

Fluorescein Clearance Kinetics In Blood And Bile Indicates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Rats, Joohyun Kim, Yongquiang Yang, Seung-Keun Hong, Jacek Zielonka, Ranjan K. Dash, Said H. Audi, Suresh N. Kumar, Amit Joshi, Michael W. Zimmerman, Johnny C. Hong

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Quantitative measurement of the degree of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for its treatment. We hypothesized that clearance of fluorescent dye through bile metabolism may reflect the degree of hepatic IRI. In this study, we investigated sodium fluorescein clearance kinetics in blood and bile for quantifying the degree of hepatic IRI. Warm ischemia times (WITs) of 0, 30, or 60 min followed by 1 h or 4 h of reperfusion, were applied to the median and lateral lobes of the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats. Subsequently, 2 mg/kg of sodium fluorescein was injected intravenously, and blood …

The Relationship Between Cerebrovascular Reactivity And Cerebral Oxygenation During Hemodialysis, W. T. Richerson, Brian D. Schmit, D. F. Wolfgram

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Significance Statement

Patients with ESKD have a high burden of ischemic brain lesions related to decline in cerebral blood flow during hemodialysis. Preliminary studies in patients on hemodialysis noted impairment in cerebrovascular reactivity, a mechanism that regulates cerebral perfusion. We found that lower cerebrovascular reactivity was associated with greater decrease in cerebral oxygen saturation during hemodialysis, particularly when accounting for changes in systemic BP. These results suggest that testing cerebrovascular reactivity could be relevant to characterizing risk of cerebral ischemia during hemodialysis and the potential sequelae of brain injury and cognitive impairment over time.

Background

Patients with kidney failure treated …

Vibrotactile Perception For Sensorimotor Augmentation: Perceptual Discrimination Of Vibrotactile Stimuli Induced By Low-Cost Eccentric Rotating Mass Motors At Different Body Locations In Young, Middle-Aged, And Older Adults, Ella Pomplun, Ashiya Thomas, Erin Corrigan, Valay A. Shah, Leigh A. Mrotek, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Sensory augmentation technologies are being developed to convey useful supplemental sensory cues to people in comfortable, unobtrusive ways for the purpose of improving the ongoing control of volitional movement. Low-cost vibration motors are strong contenders for providing supplemental cues intended to enhance or augment closed-loop feedback control of limb movements in patients with proprioceptive deficits, but who still retain the ability to generate movement. However, it remains unclear what form such cues should take and where on the body they may be applied to enhance the perception-cognition-action cycle implicit in closed-loop feedback control. As a step toward addressing this knowledge …

Reduced Chest Computed Tomography Scan Length For Patients Positive For Coronavirus Disease 2019: Dose Reduction And Impact On Diagnostic Utility, Sara Principi, Stacy D. O'Connor, Frank Luba, Taly Gilat Schmidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

This work aimed to retrospectively evaluate the potential of dose reduction on chest computed tomography (CT) examinations by reducing the longitudinal scan length for patients positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

This study used the Personalized Rapid Estimation of Dose in CT (PREDICT) tool to estimate patient-specific organ doses from CT image data. The PREDICT is a research tool that combines a linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for radiation dose map generation with deep learning algorithms for organ contouring. Computed tomography images from 74 subjects in the Medical Imaging Data Resource Center–RSNA International COVID-19 Open Radiology Database data …

The Value Of High Intensity Locomotor Training Applied To Patients With Acute-Onset Neurologic Injury, Meghan Fahey, Gabrielle Brazg, Christopher E. Henderson, Abby Plawecki, Emily H. Lucas, Darcy S. Reisman, Brian D. Schmit, T. George Hornby

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this review is to delineate some of the evidence regarding the effects of exercise intensity during locomotor training in patients with stroke and iSCI. We provide specific definitions of exercise intensity used within the literature, describe methods used to ensure appropriate levels of exertion, and discuss potential adverse events and safety concerns during its application. Further details on the effects of locomotor training intensity on clinical outcomes, and on neuromuscular and cardiovascular function will be addressed as available. Existing literature across multiple studies and meta-analyses reveals that exercise training intensity is likely a major factor that can …

Hepatic Artery Flow, Inspired Oxygen, And Hemoglobin Determine Liver Tissue Saturation Measured With Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-Drs) In An In Vivo Swine Model, Stylianos Voulgarelis, Faraneh Fathi, Bing Yu, Barbara Palkovic, Nikolaos A. Chatzizacharias, Kenneth P. Allen, Astrid G. Stucke

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Prompt diagnosis of vascular compromise following pediatric liver transplantation and restoration of oxygen delivery to the liver improves organ survival. vis-DRS allows for real-time measurement of liver tissue saturation.

Methods

The current study used vis-DRS to determine changes in liver saturation during clinically relevant conditions of reduced oxygen delivery. In an in vivo swine model (n = 15), we determined liver tissue saturation (S_tO₂) during stepwise reduction in hepatic artery flow, different inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO₂), and increasing hemodilution. A custom vis-DRS probe was placed directly on the organ.

Results

Liver tissue …

Training The Responsible Conduct Of Research And Design, Jay R. Goldberg

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Students Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are required to complete training in the responsible conduct of research (RCR). This training includes topics such as authorship, handling of data, reporting of results, maintaining confidentiality, and other topics related to the ethical and responsible conduct of research. It prepares students who are supported by NIH research grants for careers involving research.

Neural Correlates Of Multisensory Integration For Feedback Stabilization Of The Wrist, Aaron J. Suminski, Raymond C. Doudlah, Robert A. Scheidt

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Robust control of action relies on the ability to perceive, integrate, and act on information from multiple sensory modalities including vision and proprioception. How does the brain combine sensory information to regulate ongoing mechanical interactions between the body and its physical environment? Some behavioral studies suggest that the rules governing multisensory integration for action may differ from the maximum likelihood estimation rules that appear to govern multisensory integration for many perceptual tasks. We used functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques, a MR-compatible robot, and a multisensory feedback control task to test that hypothesis by investigating how neural mechanisms involved in …

Comparison Of Cone Mosaic Metrics From Images Acquired With The Spectralis High Magnification Module And Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy, Niamh Wynne, Heather Heitkotter, Erica N. Woertz, Robert F. Cooper, Joseph Carroll

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Purpose: To compare cone mosaic metrics derived from adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) images with those derived from Heidelberg Engineering SPECTRALIS High Magnification Module (HMM) images.

Methods: Participants with contiguous cone mosaics had HMM imaging performed at locations superior and temporal to the fovea. These images were registered and averaged offline and then aligned to split-detection AOSLO images; 200 × 200-µm regions of interest were extracted from both modalities. Cones were semi-automatically identified by two graders to provide estimates of cone density and spacing.

Results: Thirty participants with contiguous cone mosaics were imaged (10 males, 20 females; age range, …

Eeg And Fmri Coupling And Decoupling Based On Joint Independent Component Analysis (Jica), Nicholas Heugel, Scott A. Beardsley, Einat Liebenthal

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Meaningful integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) requires knowing whether these measurements reflect the activity of the same neural sources, i.e., estimating the degree of coupling and decoupling between the neuroimaging modalities.

New method

This paper proposes a method to quantify the coupling and decoupling of fMRI and EEG signals based on the mixing matrix produced by joint independent component analysis (jICA). The method is termed fMRI/EEG-jICA.

Results

fMRI and EEG acquired during a syllable detection task with variable syllable presentation rates (0.25–3 Hz) were separated with jICA into two spatiotemporally distinct components, a primary …

Assessment Of Protection Offered By The Nrf2 Pathway Against Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury In Nrf2 Knockout Rats, Said H. Audi, Elizabeth R. Jacobs, Taheri Pardis, Swetha Ganesh, Anne V. Clough

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that responds to oxidative stress by activating expressions of key antioxidant and cytoprotective enzymes via the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway. Our objective was to characterize hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI) in Nrf2 knock-out (KO) rats to elucidate the role of this pathway in HALI. Adult Nrf2 wildtype (WT), and KO rats were exposed to room air (normoxia) or >95% O₂ (hyperoxia) for 48 h, after which selected injury and functional endpoints were measured in vivo and ex vivo. Results demonstrate that the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway …

Neural Control Of Stopping And Stabilizing The Arm, Shanie A. L. Jayasinghe, Robert A. Scheidt, Robert L. Sainburg

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Stopping is a crucial yet under-studied action for planning and producing meaningful and efficient movements. In this review, we discuss classical human psychophysics studies as well as those using engineered systems that aim to develop models of motor control of the upper limb. We present evidence for a hybrid model of motor control, which has an evolutionary advantage due to division of labor between cerebral hemispheres. Stopping is a fundamental aspect of movement that deserves more attention in research than it currently receives. Such research may provide a basis for understanding arm stabilization deficits that can occur following central nervous …

Visual Oscillation Effects On Dynamic Balance Control In People With Multiple Sclerosis, Lara I. Riem, Scott A. Beardsley, Ahmed Z. Obeidat, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have balance deficits while ambulating through environments that contain moving objects or visual manipulations to perceived self-motion. However, their ability to parse object from self-movement has not been explored. The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of medial-lateral oscillations of the visual field and of objects within the scene on gait in PwMS and healthy age-matched controls using virtual reality (VR).

Methods: Fourteen PwMS (mean age 49 ± 11 years) and eleven healthy controls (mean age: 53 ± 12 years) participated in this study. Dynamic balance control was assessed while participants …

Acute Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors Of Chronic Motor Function And Tissue Sparing In Rat Cervical Spinal Cord Injury, Seung-Yi Lee, Brian D. Schmit, Shekar N. Kurpad, Matthew D. Budde

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Predicting functional outcomes from spinal cord injury (SCI) at the acute setting is important for patient management. This work investigated the relationship of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers in a rat model of cervical contusion SCI with long-term functional outcome and tissue sparing. Forty rats with contusion injury at C5 at either the spinal cord midline (bilateral) or over the lateral cord (unilateral) were examined using in vivo multi-modal quantitative MRI at 1 day post-injury. The extent of T₂-weighted hyperintensity reflecting edema was greater in the bilateral model compared with the unilateral injury. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) …

The Effect Of Visual Field Manipulations On Standing Balance Control In People With Multiple Sclerosis, Lara I. Riem, Scott A. Beardsley, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with an increased risk of falls, degeneration of sensory organization, and possible increased reliance on vision for balance control.

Research question

The aim of this study was to assess differences in standing postural control between people with MS and age and sex matched controls during medial-lateral (ML) oscillations of the visual field, with and without blinders to the lower periphery.

Methods

Ten persons with MS (mean age 54.0 ± 5.3 years) and ten age and sex matched controls (mean age: 56.3 ± 6.0 years) participated in this study. Balance control was assessed while participants …

Comparison Of Whole-Head Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Potential Application In Pediatric Neurology, Julie C. Wagner, Anthony Zinos, Wei-Liang Chen, Lisa Conant, Marsha Malloy, Joseph Heffernan, Brendan Quirk, Jeffrey Sugar, Robert W. Prost, Julian B. Whelan, Scott A. Beardsley, Harry T. Whelan

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Changes in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation can be measured by time-dependent fluctuations in hemoglobin species within the brain; this is the basis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). There is a clinical need for portable neural imaging systems, such as fNIRS, to accommodate patients who are unable to tolerate an MR environment.

Objective

Our objective was to compare task-related full-head fNIRS and fMRI signals across cortical regions.

Methods

Eighteen healthy adults completed a same-day fNIRS-fMRI study, in which they performed right- and left-hand finger tapping tasks and a semantic-decision tones-decision …