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Articles 61 - 90 of 193
Full-Text Articles in Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Downward Flow Inclined Gravity Settler For Algae Dewatering, Dustin D. Bowden
Evaluation Of The Performance Of A Downward Flow Inclined Gravity Settler For Algae Dewatering, Dustin D. Bowden
ETD Archive
With recent concerns over the environmental implications of burning fossil fuels coupled with the depletion of fossil fuel reserves an alternative source of energy isneeded. Algae derived biofuels may be an effective replacement for transportation fuels as they are carbon neutral and have a high area productivity. Algae is superior to terrestrial plants as a biofuel source due to its high oil productivity and efficiency along with the fact that it will not displace food production. Currently the largest obstacle to the implementation of commercial algae to biofuel processes is algae dewatering. The separation of algae from water is difficult …
Determining The Transport Enhancement Of Sodium Fluorescein In Mechanically-Loaded Canine Tibia, Andrew Joseph Zak
Determining The Transport Enhancement Of Sodium Fluorescein In Mechanically-Loaded Canine Tibia, Andrew Joseph Zak
ETD Archive
Quantitative research concerning the impact of mechanical loading on the transport properties of bone has several critical applications. One such application is the effect of a microgravity environment, where the lack of mechanical forces on bone has been shown to negatively impact both growth and repair. A method has been developed in our lab that can potentially allow for the measurement of the effective permeability of large molecules (i.e., 300-15,000 Da in size) in bone tissue under both unloaded and mechanically loaded conditions. In proof-of-concept experiments, previous students have measured the effective diffusivity of the model solute, sodium fluorescein (376 …
Monitoring Micelle Formation In Mixtures Of Linear And Foldon-Capped Polypeptides With Light Scattering Spectroscopy, Janna Mino, John P. Gavin, Michael G. Price, Kiril Streletzky, Nolan Holland
Monitoring Micelle Formation In Mixtures Of Linear And Foldon-Capped Polypeptides With Light Scattering Spectroscopy, Janna Mino, John P. Gavin, Michael G. Price, Kiril Streletzky, Nolan Holland
Undergraduate Research Posters 2014
Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) polymers are ideal for producing environmentally responsive micellar systems because they exhibit a transition from being water-soluble at low temperatures to phase-separated at high temperatures. For application development of drug delivery vehicles and biosensing nanoparticles, it is important to prepare spherical micelles of controlled diameter and shape. Since at a given salt concentration, the headgroup area for each foldon should be constant, the size of the micelles is expected to be proportional to the volume of the linear ELP available per foldon headgroup. Therefore, adding linear ELPs to a system of ELP-foldon should result in changes of …
Comparison Of Electronic And Mechanical Handgrip Devices In Lowering Blood Pressure, Katie Webb, Brandon Musarra, Megan O’Keefe, Shana Strunk, Courtney Perkins, Kenneth E. Sparks, Emily Kullman, Eddie T.C. Lam
Comparison Of Electronic And Mechanical Handgrip Devices In Lowering Blood Pressure, Katie Webb, Brandon Musarra, Megan O’Keefe, Shana Strunk, Courtney Perkins, Kenneth E. Sparks, Emily Kullman, Eddie T.C. Lam
Undergraduate Research Posters 2014
Hypertension causes billions of deaths per year (Millar et al., 2013). The Zona PlusTM is an expensive tool designed to lower blood pressure (BP) using isometric exercise. This exercise may be achieved using a less expensive Handgrip Dynamometer. PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to determine if the Zona or Handgrip Dynamometer is more efficient at lowering BP and most cost effective for patients. METHODS: Twenty subjects used the Zona and twenty subjects used the dynamometer three times per week for six weeks. BP was taken once per week prior to the treatment. A maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was …
Anatomy-Based Transmission Factors For Technique Optimization In Portable Chest X-Ray, Chris L. Liptak, W. Paul Segars, Ashraf G. Morgan, Frank F. Dong, Xiang Li
Anatomy-Based Transmission Factors For Technique Optimization In Portable Chest X-Ray, Chris L. Liptak, W. Paul Segars, Ashraf G. Morgan, Frank F. Dong, Xiang Li
Undergraduate Research Posters 2014
Currently, portable x-ray examinations do not employ automatic exposure control (AEC). To aid in the design of a size-specific technique chart, acrylic slabs of various thicknesses are often used to estimate x-ray transmission factors for patients of various body thicknesses. This approach, while simple, does not account for patient anatomy, tissue heterogeneity, and the attenuation properties of the human body. To better account for these factors, in this work, we determined x-ray transmission factors using computational patient models that are anatomically realistic. A Monte Carlo program was developed to model a portable x-ray system. Detailed modeling was done of the …
3d Cultures Of Human Liver Cell Lines Encapsulated In Puramatrix On A Microarray Chip Platform, Pratap Lama, Alexander D. Roth, Pranav Joshi, Akshata Datar, Moo-Yeal Lee
3d Cultures Of Human Liver Cell Lines Encapsulated In Puramatrix On A Microarray Chip Platform, Pratap Lama, Alexander D. Roth, Pranav Joshi, Akshata Datar, Moo-Yeal Lee
Undergraduate Research Posters 2014
A high-throughput cell printing technology has developed to simulate the liver tissue environment using a hydrogel-based chip platform that has potential to shift in vivo drug toxicity models towards in vitro tests. However, the hydrophobic nature of polystyrene chips is not promoting direct adhesion of hydrogels, which created a problem with spot attachment. The main goal of this research is to create a surface chemistry that helps to attach a peptide-based hydrogel, including PuraMatrix, to a polystyrenebased micropillar chip. Seven analogs of maleic anhydride co-polymers were used to coat the micropillar chip to create a functional surface. Then, six ionic …
Design Of Recombinant Tenebrio Molitor Antifreeze Protein For Purification Using Elastin-Like Polypeptide Tag, Joongseok Oh
Design Of Recombinant Tenebrio Molitor Antifreeze Protein For Purification Using Elastin-Like Polypeptide Tag, Joongseok Oh
ETD Archive
Fusion protein technologies can aid to improve solubility of recombinant protein from microorganisms and help recombinant protein purification. Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) as a fusion tag can be utilized to facilitate the purification of recombinant proteins because ELP can provide its thermally responsive behavior to ELP tagged proteins. An ELP tag can be used as the purification carrier through inverse transition cycling (ITC), which is a simple and non chromatographic separation process. The purification through ITC can reduce cost and can be quickly performed compared to other purification methods. However, we further considered ELP tag removal because it may possibly hinder …
Human Hair Keratin Protein, Hair Fibers And Hydroxyapatite (Ha) Composite Scaffold For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Samuel Siyum
Human Hair Keratin Protein, Hair Fibers And Hydroxyapatite (Ha) Composite Scaffold For Bone Tissue Regeneration, Samuel Siyum
ETD Archive
The field of tissue engineering aims at promoting the regeneration of tissues or replacement of failing or malfunctioning tissue by means of combining a scaffold material, adequate cells and bioactive molecules. Different materials have been proposed for use as three-dimensional porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering procedures. Among them, polymers of natural origin are one of the most attractive options mainly due to their similarities with the extracellular matrix (ECM), chemical versatility as well as typically good biological performance. In this study, two biocompatible composite scaffolds were developed from natural polymer by tissue engineering approach and tested in vitro. The …
Validation Of An Accelerometry Based Method Of Human Gait Analysis, Obinna Nwanna
Validation Of An Accelerometry Based Method Of Human Gait Analysis, Obinna Nwanna
ETD Archive
Gait analysis is the quantification of locomotion. Understanding the science behind the way we move is of interest to a wide variety of fields. Medical professionals might use gait analysis to track the rehabilitation progress of a patient. An engineer may want to design wearable robotics to augment a human operator. Use cases even extend into the sport and entertainment industries. Typically, a gait analysis is performed in a highly specialized laboratory containing cumbersome expensive equipment. The process is tedious and requires specially trained operators. Continued development of small and cheap inertial measurement units (IMUs) over an alternative to current …
Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy
Computation Of Fifteen Thermodynamic Properties Along Arbitrary Paths From Fundamental Equations Of State Correlations, Prashanth Krishnamoorthy
ETD Archive
In this work, a set of fifteen thermodynamic properties for thirty pure compounds has been estimated using fundamental equations of state (FEOS). A computer program was written which allows to input any two of four fundamental thermodynamic properties entropy, pressure, temperature and density to fix a state point and then use the FEOS to generate any other property at that given state. The program further applies the FEOS to trace thermodynamic processes like isochoric, isobaric, isenthalpic, isothermal and isentropic state changes to find the final state of the compound. The program subsequently displays the initial, final and intermediate state points …
Potential Optimal Gait Performance Of Mauch S-N-S Prosthetic Knee Configurations As Predicted By Dynamic Modeling, Chih-Hao Chien
Potential Optimal Gait Performance Of Mauch S-N-S Prosthetic Knee Configurations As Predicted By Dynamic Modeling, Chih-Hao Chien
ETD Archive
Patients with prosthetic legs routinely suffer from abnormal gait patterns which can cause health issues and eventually lower the quality of their lives. Despite the half-century advance in the technology of prosthetic knees, from the purely mechanical to microprocessor controlled systems, patient testing suggests that very little progress has been made in the quality of the kinetics and kinematics of amputee gait. Moreover, the cost of microprocessor controlled prosthetic knees may be 10 times more than the purely mechanical knees. While prosthetic knees have become more complex and expensive, it is not proven that the prosthetic knee is a central …
Mineral Uptake Rates And Yield Coefficients Of The Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus, Grace N. Mahfouz
Mineral Uptake Rates And Yield Coefficients Of The Green Microalgae Scenedesmus Dimorphus, Grace N. Mahfouz
ETD Archive
The need for renewable sources of energy has become critical as fossil fuel resources, which include oil, coal, and natural gas, are known to contribute to climate change and will eventually be depleted. Biofuels that originate from the fat of plants, animals, microalgae, and bacteria are an attractive alternative. Microalgae, in particular, are strong candidates for biofuel production since they have a high growth rate and lipid content (up to 50 in some species). The goal of this research was to optimize 3N-BBM+V recipe (Bold Basal Medium with 3-fold Nitrogen and Vitamins) in an effort of reducing the amount of …
Evolutionary Optimization Of Atrial Fibrillation Diagnostic Algorithms, Aref Smiley
Evolutionary Optimization Of Atrial Fibrillation Diagnostic Algorithms, Aref Smiley
ETD Archive
The goal of this research is to introduce an improved method for detecting atrial fibrillation (AF). The foundation of our algorithm is the irregularity of the RR intervals in the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, and their correlation with AF. Three statistical techniques, including root mean squares of successive differences (RMSSD), turning points ratio (TPR), and Shannon entropy (SE), are used to detect RR interval irregularity. We use the Massachusetts Institution of Technology / Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) atrial fibrillation databases and their annotations to tune the parameters of the statistical methods by biogeography-based optimization (BBO), which is an evolutionary optimization algorithm. …
A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran
A Psa Process For An Oxygen Concentrator, Aaron A. Moran
ETD Archive
Oxygen is used in a variety of chemical processes and for medical purposes throughout the world. Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) has become a viable alternative to cryogenic distillation for the separation of oxygen from air with the development of advanced adsorbents like zeolites. PSA processes are inherently complex because it is a dynamic process. Efficient operation of a PSA process is necessary in order to utilize the capacity of the adsorbent as much as possible and reduce the power requirements of the process.In this thesis, a novel zeolite adsorbent was utilized in a PSA process for oxygen generation with the …
Benefits Of Nitric Oxide Cues To Matrix Synthesis By Healthy And Aneurysmal Human Smooth Muscle Cells Within 3d Cocultures, Phillip Simmers
Benefits Of Nitric Oxide Cues To Matrix Synthesis By Healthy And Aneurysmal Human Smooth Muscle Cells Within 3d Cocultures, Phillip Simmers
ETD Archive
Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms are characterized by the over-proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the vessel wall, leading to compromise in cell-cell and cell-matrix signaling pathways. Recent tissue engineering approaches to regulate SMC over-proliferation and enhance healthy ECM synthesis showed promise, but resulted in low crosslinking efficiency and matrix deposition yields. In this study, the benefits of exogenous nitric oxide cues, delivered from S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), to cell proliferation and matrix deposition by adult human aortic SMCs (HA-SMCs) within 3D biomimetic cultures have been explored. The first experiment …
Effects Of Environmental Heavy Metals On Neural Stem Cell Survival And Differentiation, Sameera S. Clev Tasneem
Effects Of Environmental Heavy Metals On Neural Stem Cell Survival And Differentiation, Sameera S. Clev Tasneem
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Design Optimization Of An Above-Knee Prosthesis With Energy Regeneration, Taylor Barto, Holly Warner, Rick Rarick, Dan Simon
Design Optimization Of An Above-Knee Prosthesis With Energy Regeneration, Taylor Barto, Holly Warner, Rick Rarick, Dan Simon
Undergraduate Research Posters 2013
Above-knee amputees who use a prosthetic leg typically have to compensate for its shortcomings with unnatural hip motions. This compensation eventually leads to adverse health issues such as arthritis. We propose an active prosthesis to improve performance. The motor in our prosthetic knee allows the patient to move his hip normally, thus reducing the possibility of ancillary health issues. To improve the efficiency of the prosthesis, we use the braking phase of the prosthesis to regenerate energy. By storing energy in a supercapacitor during braking, the prosthesis lasts longer between each charge than it would without regenerative braking. We are …
Adaptation Of Scenedesmus Dimorphus To Brackish Water, Dustin Bowden, Joanne M. Belovich
Adaptation Of Scenedesmus Dimorphus To Brackish Water, Dustin Bowden, Joanne M. Belovich
Undergraduate Research Posters 2013
Microalgae is a promising biofuel feedstock for replacement of conventional transportation fuels. Microalgae does not require arable land for cultivation, and the biofuel production rate per acre of land is an order of magnitude greater than that needed for crop-based production methods. Though microalgae to biofuel processes are attractive, none have proven commercially successful due to the high costs of algae dewatering. Moreover, the scarcity of fresh water in many parts of the world prevents development of this process because of competition with drinking water supplies. Our lab has developed an efficient dewatering method using an inclined gravity settler. It …
Pure Component Adsorption Of Methane, Ethylene, Propylene And Carbon Dioxide In Silicalite, Qianqian Zhou
Pure Component Adsorption Of Methane, Ethylene, Propylene And Carbon Dioxide In Silicalite, Qianqian Zhou
ETD Archive
Adsorption isotherms are measured for pure methane, ethylene, propylene and carbon dioxide in silicalite. Isotherm data are collected using a volumetric method at three different temperatures of 10C, 35C and 65C at pressure up to 100psi. The Virial equation and Langmuir equation have been applied to represent excess amount adsorbed in each pure component system. The binary adsorption equilibrium for various mixtures are predicted from the pure component adsorption data, using the Ideal Adsorption Solution Theory (IAST)
State Estimation Based On Nested Particle Filters, Swathi Srinivasan
State Estimation Based On Nested Particle Filters, Swathi Srinivasan
ETD Archive
In reality many processes are nonlinear and in order to have a knowledge about the true process conditions, it is important to make decisions based on the state of the system. Process measurements such as pressure, temperature, and pH, are available at time instances and this information is necessary in order to obtain the state of the system. Filtering is a state estimation technique by which the estimate is obtained at a time instant, given the process measurements at their respective time instances. Several lters have been developed so far for the estimation of the states of the system. Kalman …
Method For Determination Of Kinematic Sensor Position And Orientation From Magnetic Resonance Images, Caglar Ozturk
Method For Determination Of Kinematic Sensor Position And Orientation From Magnetic Resonance Images, Caglar Ozturk
ETD Archive
Concussion and mild traumatic brain injury risk remain high for young athletes participating in helmeted and non-helmeted sports. Because of the short and potential long-term effects on young athletes and early onset Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, there is a dire need to correlate a relationship between head impact intensity, frequency, duration and athlete brain health. To address this need, the Cleveland Clinic is developing a custom mouthguard embedded with flexible circuitry and sensors, known as the 'Intelligent Mouthguard'(IMG). To accurately quantify peak values of head impacts or concussions, orientation and position of each sensor relative to CG (Center of Gravity) …
Biomechanics Of Prosthetic Knee Systems : Role Of Dampening And Energy Storage Systems, Hande Argunsah Bayram
Biomechanics Of Prosthetic Knee Systems : Role Of Dampening And Energy Storage Systems, Hande Argunsah Bayram
ETD Archive
One significant drawback of the commercial passive and microprocessored prosthetic devices, the inability of delivering positive energy when needed, is due to the absence of the knee flexion during stance phase. Moreover, consequences such as circumduction and disturbed gait pattern take place due to the improper energy flow at the knee and the absence of the positive energy delivery during the swing phase. Current generation powered design has solved these problems by delivering the needed energy with heavy battery demanding motors, which increase the mass of the device significantly. Hence, the gait quality of transfemoral amputees has not improved significantly …
Scalp Eeg And Tms Based Electrophysiological Study Of Brain Function Of Motor Control In Aging, Mehmed Satuk Bayram
Scalp Eeg And Tms Based Electrophysiological Study Of Brain Function Of Motor Control In Aging, Mehmed Satuk Bayram
ETD Archive
Voluntary movements of human body are controlled by the brain through corticomuscular pathways. Although neuromuscular control mechanisms of voluntary movements have been studied extensively, many remain to be learned, especially neuromuscular adaptations related to clinical conditions such as neurological disorders and aging. This research aims at a better understanding of functional connection between the brain and muscle during voluntary motor activities in aging and the extent to which this connection can be changed by training the neuromuscular system. Three research projects were conducted to achieve this aim. The analyses in the first two projects are based on comparisons of non-invasive …
An In Silico Liver: Model Of Gluconeogenesis, Elie R. Chalhoub
An In Silico Liver: Model Of Gluconeogenesis, Elie R. Chalhoub
ETD Archive
An in silico liver was developed in attempt to represent the in vivo state of the fasted liver. It featured two conceptual models. The first one represented carbohydrate metabolism of the human liver, which included the heterogeneous nature of the liver by incorporating spatial variation of key enzyme activities. This model was able to predict the overall fluxes in tissue and the effect of high intensity exercise on the various hepatic fluxes. A second model of hepatic metabolism was developed to represent the complex interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are …
A Robotic Neuro-Musculoskeletal Simulator For Spine Research, Robb W. Colbrunn
A Robotic Neuro-Musculoskeletal Simulator For Spine Research, Robb W. Colbrunn
ETD Archive
An influential conceptual framework advanced by Panjabi represents the living spine as a complex neuromusculoskeletal system whose biomechanical functioning is rather finely dependent upon the interactions among and between three principal subsystems: the passive musculoskeletal subsystem (osteoligamentous spine plus passive mechanical contributions of the muscles), the active musculoskeletal subsystem (muscles and tendons), and the neural and feedback subsystem (neural control centers and feedback elements such as mechanoreceptors located in the soft tissues) [1]. The interplay between subsystems readily encourages "thought experiments" of how pathologic changes in one subsystem might influence another--for example, prompting one to speculate how painful arthritic changes …
Radial Diffusion Of Florescein Molecules (376 Da) In Canine Bone Tissue, Daniel O'Conor
Radial Diffusion Of Florescein Molecules (376 Da) In Canine Bone Tissue, Daniel O'Conor
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Lipid Production By Scenedesmus Dimorphus: Comparison Of Extraction Techniques And Effect Of Sodium Nitrate Concentration, Bahareh Kanani
Lipid Production By Scenedesmus Dimorphus: Comparison Of Extraction Techniques And Effect Of Sodium Nitrate Concentration, Bahareh Kanani
ETD Archive
No abstract provided.
Synthesis And Characterization Of Ph-Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptides With Different Configurations, Mingjie Tang
Synthesis And Characterization Of Ph-Responsive Elastin-Like Polypeptides With Different Configurations, Mingjie Tang
ETD Archive
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) are environmentally responsive polymers that exhibit phase transition behavior in response to various stimuli such as temperature, pH and irradiation. In this work, we focused on pH-responsive ELPs. It has been shown that pH value, configurations of ELPs, ELP concentration, and salt concentration can impact the phase transition behavior of pH-responsive ELPs. Quantitative models have been developed to engineer various linear ELPs, but there has not been any detailed study for engineering ionizable ELP with non-linear configurations. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and characterized pH-responsive ELPs with two different configurations. One is linear ELP, (GVGVPGEGVPGVGVP)12, and …
External Control Interface, Dynamic Modeling And Parameter Estimation Of A Research Treadmill, Omer Sirin
External Control Interface, Dynamic Modeling And Parameter Estimation Of A Research Treadmill, Omer Sirin
ETD Archive
Treadmills providing linear continuous movement are used for robotic testing of prostheses in order to study their operating characteristics. However, traditional exercise treadmills are not able to simulate various conditions such as avoiding an obstacle, climbing, descending, reversing direction, or stopping instantly. The focus of this thesis is to examine control algorithms (position, speed and force) for the drive mechanism of a research treadmill to fulll the gap in the situations described above. The system consists of a power supply, a computer with Matlab, and the treadmill that includes a DC motor, a pulley and belt. Also, an external encoder …
Bench-Top Validation Of "Intelligent" Mouth Guard, Alper Aksu
Bench-Top Validation Of "Intelligent" Mouth Guard, Alper Aksu
ETD Archive
Concussion is the signature athletics injury of the 21st Century. Scientists are hard at work monitoring effects of hard impacts on the human brain. However, existing tools and devices are inadequate to screen the effects. Hence, a new approach is required to accurately quantify peak values of head impacts or concussions and relate these values to clinical brain health outcomes. A new head impact dosimeter, the "Intelligent Mouth Guard" (IMG) has been developed and can be conveniently located inside the mouth. In this study, the IMG printed circuit board (PCB) including four (4) high-quality shock resistant sensors has been developed …