Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Commons^™

Mechanical, Thermal And Fire Behaviour Of Hemp-Based Composites With Different Binders For Sustainable Building Applications, Anilcan Aygun, Fahri Birinci, Selim Aytac, Ali Kemal Ayan, Hasan Alp Sahin, Ibrahim Isildak

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study investigates the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of hemp-based composites produced with traditional binders such as lime, cement, gypsum, clay, and water-based glue. Hemp fractions of different sizes (splinter, shiv, fiber and powder) were combined with these binders to manufacture cube and plate specimens, which were tested for physical, mechanical, thermal, and temperature resistance properties. The study aims to compare the mechanical, physical, thermal, and fire behaviour of these composites to assess their suitability for sustainable construction applications. The hemp-based composites were tested for unit weight, water absorption, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. Most specimens are lightweight (<1000 kg/m3), and exhibit good thermal insulation performance and high compressive deformability, making them suitable for seismic-prone regions. The glue-based composite had the lowest unit weight, measured as 330 kg/m3. Thermal conductivity ranged from 0.051 to 0.243 W/m· K, with several mixtures performing better than natural pumice. While cement-based composites showed the highest compressive strength, ranging from 5.5 to 24.8 kg/cm2, natural hydraulic lime is the lowest. Water absorption was high, and moisture release occurred slowly across all hemp fractions. Combustion tests indicated that hemp-based materials have moderate temperature resistance, with charring temperatures ranging from 238–265°C for raw hemp and 300–385°C when mixed with binders. Overall, hemp-based composites are lightweight, eco-friendly, and suitable for non-load-bearing construction and insulation applications. However, improvements in moisture resistance and long-term durability are necessary to enhance their practical applicability.

Sustainable Cow Dung Bricks: An Innovative Approach To Eco-Friendly Masonry With Enhanced Thermal And Mechanical Performance, Nagesh Sugandhi, Sachin Patil, Satish Reddy, Ashwini G, Santosh Kumar

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study explores the development, characterization, and performance of sustainable cow dung bricks using locally sourced organic (cow dung) and mineral (clay, quartz sand, feldspar, lime) constituents for non-load-bearing masonry in India. Three blends with varying cow dung content (70%, 75%, 80%) were mixed, molded, air dried, and cured without kiln firing to reduce environmental impact. The bricks' mechanical properties—compressive strength, water absorption, bulk density, flexural strength, shore hardness, and modulus of elasticity—were systematically evaluated with complete statistical documentation (n = 6 replicates per formulation per test age). Microstructural features were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray …

Sustainable Cement-Blast Furnace Slag Mortar, Richa Jain, Harshit Jain, Ashish Nim

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

New building materials that required and produced less energy are need of today's infrastructure development. The ability of such building materials to promote sustainable development always puts its demand in active mode. With huge consumption of naturally occurring materials in building construction, the problem related to environment degradation is now common for world. Along with this, world is also facing the problem of reuse, recover and scientifically approved disposal of non-biodegradable wastes. Blast furnace slag (BFS) is one of those steel industry wastes that are abundantly available and their disposal arises as prime challenge for industries. This research work makes …

Ionic Liquid Pilocarpine Serves As Therapeutic Cosolvent And Permeation Enhancer For Glaucoma Medication, Ashish Trital, Lei Xu, Burhan Ates, Tzu Chen Wang, Vimalin Mani, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The efficacy of hydrophobic ocular drugs is significantly hindered by their low bioavailability, for which poor water solubility is a major contributing factor. In this work, we synthesized pilocarpine-derived ionic liquid [Pilo-OEG] Cl (PO) and evaluated its cosolvent properties for the codelivery of the hydrophobic antiglaucoma drug brimonidine (BM) for glaucoma therapy. Pilocarpine was quaternized with 2-[2-(2-chloroethoxy) ethoxy] ethanol in a one-pot reaction to yield PO, and its structure was confirmed using ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy methods and further characterized for its rheological property and thermal stability. The HET-CAM assay and cell viability study showed that PO was …

Impact Of Glass Powder As A Sustainable Material On The Workability, Strength, And Durability Properties In High-Performance Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete: A Statistical Analysis, Ahmed Fathi Mohamed Salih

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The global construction sector is increasingly challenged to balance environmental sustainability with the growing demand for durable, high-performance materials. As cement production continues to be a major source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the incorporation of alternative, low-impact binders has become a key strategy for reducing the environmental footprint of concrete. In this context, glass powder (GP)—a finely ground industrial by-product rich in amorphous silica—has emerged as a promising partial replacement for Portland cement. Its pozzolanic reactivity contributes to improved hydration and matrix densification, while its use also supports circular economy principles by diverting waste glass from landfills. At the same …

Pid Control For Lower Limb Exoskeletons: A Framework Evaluation, Javlonbek Rakhmatillaev, Vytautas Bučinskas

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This research provides a detailed guideline for implementing and evaluating Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control frameworks in lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton robotics. It examines the role of control systems within rehabilitation robotics, outlines the principles of PID control, describes exoskeleton architecture, explores applications of PID control, reviews optimization strategies, presents experimental validations, and considers future developments in the field. The proposed control framework incorporates aspects of mechanical design, actuator and sensor selection, and PID-based control algorithms, thereby promoting safe, accurate, and individualized rehabilitation support. Recommendations and effective guidance for future work are also presented.

Balancing Carbon Emissions In Façade Of Residential Buildings Through Bim-Lca: A Comparative Analysis Of Insulation Materials, Mehran Alipour

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Thermal insulation materials play a significant role in balancing buildings' total carbon emissions. Balancing involves applying the optimized amount of insulation materials to avoid excessive emissions in either the operational or embodied phases. Due to the wide range of insulation materials and variations of their specifications, it is vital to analyse them individually. The focus of this study is to optimize the amount of insulation materials in the facades of Residential Buildings (RB) to balance the amount of Operational Carbon Emissions (OCE) and Embodied Carbon Emissions (ECE) by applying the Building Information Modelling-Life Cycle Assessment (BIM-LCA) integration method. The Life …

Integrating Sustainable Material Procurement In Construction Waste Management: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis For The Libyan Construction Sector, Ramzi Fouzi Hamad Abdullah, Safaa N Saud Al-Humairi, Zunirah Binti Mohd Talib

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Integrating sustainable material procurement with construction waste management is essential to reduce construction and demolition waste in Libya, where current practices remain largely reactive and disposal-oriented. This narrative review aims to develop a conceptual framework linking procurement decisions to waste-generation pathways in Libyan construction projects, clarifying how proactive, sustainability-driven purchasing can serve as a primary driver of waste prevention. Using a PRISMA-guided systematic search of Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore for 2001–2026, and a bibliometric analysis via VOSviewer, 956 high-quality studies were synthesized to map global knowledge and to expose the paucity of integrated SMP–CWM studies in developing …

Sound Insulation Performance Of Sustainable Lc3 Mortars With Barite And Waste Rubber Aggregates, Begüm Söyek Abay, Leyla Tanaçan

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study investigates the potential of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) as a sustainable binder for developing a single-layer composite material incorporating barite and rubber aggregates, hypothesized to achieve enhanced sound insulation performance compared to conventional multi-layered wall systems. Mortars were prepared using LC3 with 55% clinker, 30% metakaolin, 15% limestone, substituting 45% of cement clinker. Hybrid mixtures of barite and rubber aggregates (barite-to-rubber volume ratios of 2:1 and 1:2) were tested at aggregate-to-binder ratios of 2.0, 2.75, and 3.5 to evaluate their combined mass and damping effects on acoustic performance. Experiments were conducted to determine physical, mechanical, and acoustic …

From Lime To Geopolymers: Emerging Trends And Advances In Sustainable Soil Stabilization, Favour Chukwuebuka Egwu, Amin Eisazadeh

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Soil stabilization remains a critical challenge in geotechnical engineering, particularly for weak and expansive soils that compromise the safety and serviceability of infrastructure. Traditional stabilizers such as lime and cement have been widely applied; however, their limitations in terms of long-term durability, carbon footprint, and performance under aggressive environmental conditions necessitate alternative approaches. In recent years, geopolymer-based stabilizers derived from industrial by-products such as fly ash (FA), slag, and bottom ash (BA) have emerged as promising substitutes. This review critically examines the comparative performance of lime and geopolymer stabilization with respect to strength development, durability, compressibility, environmental impact, and economic …

Investigating The Behavior Of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Scms And Recycled Fine Aggregates, Sachin Tiwari, Mahakavi P

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study addresses the unresolved gap in quantifying how recycled fine aggregates (RFA) and metakaolin (MK) interact synergistically in self-compacting concrete (SCC), a relationship that previous works have studied only in isolation or without mechanistic justification. Twenty-five SCC mixtures containing MK (0–25%) and RFA (0–100%) were evaluated to generate a unified understanding of fresh behaviour, strength development, pore refinement, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) characteristics, and sustainability indicators. Results show that RFA alone increases water demand and reduces strength, while MK compensates for these losses by densifying the matrix and improving ITZ bonding, as confirmed through SEM analysis. An optimum synergy …

Neuproio: A Dual-Action Solid Drug Nanoparticle Topical Formulation For Simultaneous Intraocular Pressure Reduction And Neuroprotection For Glaucoma, Lei Xu, Mu Li, Lin Qi, Tzu Chen Wang, Dong Liu, Vimalin Jeyalatha Mani, Hsin Yin Chuang, Qingbo Yang, Ruipu Mu, Samira Mahdi, Da Huang, Honglan Shi, Yang Hu, Hu Yang

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, primarily due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the retina and optic nerve. Most topical glaucoma treatments focus solely on IOP-lowering without direct neuroprotection, as drug delivery to the posterior eye is challenging. Here, we developed NeuProIO, a dual-action solid drug nanoparticle (NP) eye drop for simultaneous IOP reduction and neuroprotection. Using flash nanoprecipitation in a multi-inlet vortex mixer, we fabricated the first NeuProIO solid drug NPs incorporating the repurposed neuroprotective agent maprotiline (MAP) and the IOP-lowering agent betaxolol (BX), forming MAP/BX NPs for synergistic glaucoma treatment. The NeuProIO improved stability …

Dielectrophoretic Biomarkers For Cancer Detection And Cell Analysis: Integrating Microfluidics And Ai, Raphael Olumide Oladokun

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries a five-year survival rate of 13%, driven largely by late-stage diagnosis and the absence of sensitive noninvasive screening tools. Current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity to detect disease-associated systemic changes at early and precancerous stages, representing a critical clinical gap. This dissertation addresses the central hypothesis that PDAC and its pathological subtypes induce measurable, disease-associated electrophysiological changes in circulating PBMCs that can serve as correlative liquid-biopsy biomarkers. To test this hypothesis, this work asks: can dielectrophoresis (DEP), impedance and zeta potential analysis with AI-assisted classification distinguish benign pancreatic conditions (non-malignant control), precancerous lesions (primarily IPMNs), …

De Novo Protein Binding To Zinc Oxide Through Biomineralization Pathways, Jean-Mark A. Francis

Theses and Dissertations

De novo proteins are structurally distinct from proteins found in nature and thus capable of having their amino acid sequence modified to accomplish tasks such as increasing protein-nanoparticle binding without unfolding or decomposing. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles are functionally distinct from their bulk counterparts and are widely used as semiconductors in a variety of fields such as medicine and agriculture. With demand for these nanoparticles increasing, environmentally sustainable methods of Zinc Oxide nanoparticle synthesis are being investigated as an eco-friendly alternative to currently utilized but environmentally hazardous chemical and physical techniques. This research investigates the binding characteristics between Zinc Oxide nanoparticles …

Electrochemical Hemoglobin Biosensors For Point-Of-Care Diagnostics, Ashwini Dantanarayana, Gymama Slaughter

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

Hemoglobin (Hb) and its glycated variant (HbA1c) are essential clinical biomarkers for diagnosing anemia, acute hemorrhage, and long-term glycemic control. The growing demand for decentralized point-of-care (POC) testing has accelerated the development of rapid, inexpensive, and portable electrochemical sensing platforms. These technologies exploit the intrinsic redox activity of the heme prosthetic group, yet achieving efficient direct electron transfer (DET) remains a fundamental challenge because the electroactive iron center is deeply embedded within the globin structure. This review critically examines recent advances in electrochemical Hb sensing, tracing the evolution of electrode architectures from conventional carbon substrates to nanostructured materials, including graphene, …

Injectable Borate/Borosilicate Bioactive Glass Systems For The Regeneration Of Hard Tissue – A Critical Review Of The Literature, S. Sina Mohammadi, Sunjeev S. Phull, Ryan J. Gilbert, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Bone defects caused by trauma, infection, or tumor resection remain difficult to treat because successful repair requires both structural restoration and control of the local pathological microenvironment. Osteolysis, defined as pathological bone resorption, is central to many of these conditions and is commonly driven by excessive osteoclast activity. Clinically translated injectable products such as NovaBone® Putty demonstrate the value of moldable bioactiveglass grafts for defect filling; however, conventional silicate bioactive glasses are permanent and provide limited therapeutic ion release. This limitation has motivated the development of injectable borate bioactive glass (B-BGs) and injectable borosilicate bioactive glass (BS-BG) systems as more …

Effect Of Local Steel Slag Incorporation On The Mechanical Properties Of Concrete, Ahmed Safaa Tariq Karmah, Wissam Khadum Alsaraj, Luma A. Zghair

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The increasing interest in the production of concrete through the utilization of inexpensive materials has caused a rise in the number of studies concerning the use of materials with cementitious properties, such as Silica Fume, Slag, Fly Ash and other pozzolanic materials. Moreover, the increasing amounts of Steel Slag being produced from local factories that are being deposited without an available method of disposal provides an opportunity to harness the Slag in the production of an inexpensive, and possibly better concrete. Slag has been used as both an addition and substitution of the cement and fine aggregate. The mixtures included …

Decoding Climate Change: A Comprehensive Statistical Insight Into Temperature Anomalies In Iraq And Its Neighboring Countries, Jameel T. Al-Naffakha, Mohammed R. Al-Qassabanda, Israa Jafar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study applies advanced statistical techniques, including the Mann-Kendall Trend Test and ARIMA forecasting, to validate and predict temperature anomalies across Iraq and its neighboring countries (2014–2024). Findings confirm a statistically significant warming trend (p < 0.00000005) across all nations, with Syria (1.02°C) and Turkey (0.97°C) experiencing the highest anomalies. GIS-based spatial analysis highlights regional disparities, identifying climate-vulnerable zones. The persistent rise in temperature anomalies correlates with worsening water scarcity, desertification, and extreme weather events, including prolonged droughts and heatwaves. Iraq’s peak anomaly (1.48°C) has exacerbated heat stress, agricultural decline, and reduced river inflows, while Kuwait and Saudi Arabia struggle to maintain critical infrastructure under record-breaking temperatures exceeding 50°C. These climate shifts pose severe risks to water availability, food security, and energy demand, necessitating urgent policy interventions. Key recommendations include enhanced water resource management, climate-adaptive agriculture, and renewable energy expansion. If left unaddressed, rising temperatures could destabilize the region, increasing socio-economic vulnerabilities and escalating resource conflicts. This study underscores the need for cross-border collaboration and sustainable adaptation policies to mitigate the long-term impacts of climate change in the Middle East.

Optimal Power Flow Control In The Iraqi Power Grid Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms For Carbon Emission Reduction, Mohammed Shakir Juber

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Iraq’s power sector remains in a protracted and severe crisis characterized by a significant mismatch between supply and demand, high levels of losses during transmission and distribution, as well as an increasing challenge to the resources base being largely unfavourably. These inefficiencies impose heavy costs on the national economy in excess of 40 billion annually and they also reinforce greenhouse gas emissions, and exacerbate environmental issues. To deal with these problems, we proposed in this paper that a new hybrid AI tool should be developed for the solution of multi-objective optimization problem based on purpose Genetic Algorithm (GA) merger with …

Applying Machine Learning Techniques For Early Detection Of Cyber Attacks On Iot Devices, Noor Adnan Allamy

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This research designs, implements, and evaluates a machine learning-based framework for the early detection of cyber attacks targeting Internet of Things (IoT) devices, with a specific focus on the context and challenges present in Iraq. The study conducts a comparative analysis of three supervised learning algorithms—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN)—using a combination of benchmark datasets (NSL-KDD, CIC-IDS-2017, Bot-IoT) and a synthesized dataset adapted to simulate the Iraqi threat landscape. Key performance metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, were used for evaluation. The proposed Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance, achieving an accuracy …

Ai-Enhanced Heat Transfer Optimization In Magnetic Bio-Nanofluids, Hasan Attyah Shaboot

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study presents a hybrid Artificial Intelligence–Computational Fluid Dynamics (AI-CFD) framework for optimizing heat transfer in magnetic bio-nanofluids subjected to external magnetic fields. Magnetic bio-nanofluids, composed of biocompatible base fluids containing superparamagnetic nanoparticles, exhibit tunable thermal and flow behavior, making them promising for biomedical and micro-cooling applications. Conventional optimization methods based on experiments or brute-force CFD are computationally expensive and limited in exploring the full design space. To overcome these challenges, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) surrogate model was developed to predict two key performance indicators, the Nusselt number and the friction factor, with high accuracy (R² > 0.997). The surrogate …

Hybrid Experimental–Computational Study On The Energy Absorption Of Graphene Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Sandwich Structures, Hamdan Yousif Hamdan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Background: Sandwich composites are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and marine applications because of their lightweight, stiffness, and strength, but they remain prone to out-of-plane impacts and barely visible impact damage (BVID). Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) have shown strong potential to improve fracture toughness and impact resistance. However, hybrid experimental–computational studies applying such reinforcement are still lacking in developing contexts like Iraq, where practical and accessible solutions are essential. Aims: The study investigates the effect of GNP reinforcement on the low-velocity impact behavior and energy absorption of glass fiber/epoxy sandwich panels with PVC foam and balsa wood cores. Objectives include fabricating …

Effect Of Thick Closed Walls Of West And South Elevations Of Iraqi Middle And South Territory Housing Building On Reducing Energy Use, Abeer Qasim Jbur, Shaimaa M. Hamza, Mayyadah Lutfi Abdulwahhab

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

Thermal insulation is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainability, increasing efficiency, and reducing energy consumption, but modern insulation materials are expensive, in addition to their availability. Therefore, through our research, we resorted to investigating the issue of reducing thermal load in buildings through the use of thick-walled facades in the southern and western facades, where we studied a building with two windows with windows on the southern and western facades and another without these windows and with thick walls, for two locations, the first in central Iraq, which is the city of Baghdad, and the second in …

The Impact Of Ethyl Levulinate Additive On Diesel Engine Performance And Emissions: An Experimental Study, Maha Ali Ghadbaan

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study explores the environmental and operational impact of adding Ethyl Levulinate—a biodegradable ester derived from biomass—to diesel fuel. A fuel blend known as B5El6 (comprising 5% biodiesel and 6% Ethyl Levulinate) was prepared and tested experimentally using a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under full load conditions. Performance metrics and emission data were recorded, and a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using the IMPACT2002+ methodology.

The results revealed that B5El6 significantly reduced greenhouse gas emissions (100 kg CO2 eq) and improved ecosystem quality. However, it presented challenges in terms of human health …

The Role Of The Scenario In Formulating The Contemporary Architectural Text, Rounaq Arif Mohsin, Abbas Ali Hamza, Bashar Shamil Alkhafaji

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

In order to create an integrated architectural text, which is a complicated art that blends beauty and practical elements, a rigorous design procedure is necessary. In this situation, the scenario’s role becomes crucial in developing the current architectural text and directing architectural approaches. In order to better understand how the scenario influences the design process and the interactions between various architectural aspects, this project intends to explore and analyze the impact of the scenario in developing and refining architectural text formulation approaches.

The study looks at the idea of a scenario and how it has been used in architecture, as …

Investigation Of Some Physical Properties Of Slurry Infiltrated Fibrous Concrete (Sifcon) Under Different Curing Times, Rand Kh. Mahmoud, Mohmmed Juad Khadhim, Fayq Hasan Jabbar

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This research studied the effects of different types fibers (Basalt, Carbon and Basalt-Carbon hybrid mix) and curing ages (7, 14, 28 and 56 days) on some physical properties of - Slurry infiltrated fibrous concrete (SIFCON). Density, ultrasonic pulse velocity UPV, Poisson’s ratio and water absorption were measured for the experimental study with 30% cement replacement by Class F fly ash to increase sustainability. It was found that properties were significantly affected by the type and dosage of fiber admixture. The UPV was enhanced by basalt fibers and the absorption reduced up to an optimal range of 3–5% after which agglomeration …

Mechanical And Durability Properties Of Cement Panels Reinforced With Hybrid And Pva Fibers, Shukran H. Faraj, Mohammed J. Kadhim

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study examines the synergistic effects of hybrid fibers (HF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers on the structural and thermal properties of silica-fume cement panels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine mortar mixtures with varying fiber content to assess their enhancement of microstructure. We conducted several experiments on compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength, in addition to water absorption and thermal conductivity. The results indicate that 1% HF exhibits superior mechanical qualities, with a compressive strength of 46.89 MPa, a flexural strength of 8.56 MPa, and a reduced thermal conductivity of 0.83 W/m•K. PVA fibers at 2% enhance …

Experimental Analysis Of Droplet Deformation Dynamics In Combined Dc Electric And Shear Flow Fields Using Dpiv, Ayad Ibrahim Khlewee

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This paper presented a systematic study of such droplet deformation at the intersection of uniform DC electric field and hydrodynamic shear flow, in which we focused on conductivity ratio (R) and permittivity ratio (S), describing their influence. The results demonstrate that droplet dynamics is extremely sensitive to the regime: under DC only, either elongation or compression depending on whether R > S or R S, similarly to classical EHD predictions. Under shear-only conditions, deformation was dictated by the balance of elongational stresses (EC) and rotational stresses (RC), with increasing capillary number (Ca) leading to progressive elongation and oscillatory orientation dynamics. When …

The Imaginary In Architecture: The Conceptual Structure Of The Imaginary And Its Manifestations In Architectural Text, Noora Ghadir Hlail, Abbas Ali Hamza Al Greiza

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

This study explores the concept of the imaginary as a collective cognitive and cultural structure that shapes symbolic reality through images, myths, and deeply rooted symbols in collective memory. The research applies this concept within the field of architecture, aiming to understand how the imaginary is embodied in architectural texts as symbolic carriers of identity and cultural meaning. Adopting a descriptive-analytical methodology, the study develops a theoretical framework comprising key components—preconditions, mechanisms, and traits of the imaginary—and applies it to two selected case studies: the General Secretariat of the Iraqi Council of Ministers and the Louvre Abu Dhabi Museum. The …

Generative Ai For Method Development In Analytical Chemistry: A New Paradigm In Experimental Design And Optimization, Yasir Fathi Mahmood

Al-Esraa University College Journal for Engineering Sciences

The fast development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI models, is changing the environment of analytical chemistry. As classical method generation in analytical methods relies on manual trial-and-error methodology as well as statistical methods, generative AI is a new paradigm with automated generation of experimental methodology and optimization. In this paper, the authors discuss the use of generative AI-based technologies, including large language models (LLMs) and neural network-based generators, to create new, efficient, and customized methods of analysis. The paper examines existing applications, technology frameworks, and issues and offers a roadmap with regards to the future incorporation of generative …