Aviation Commons^™

Six Degrees Of Freedom From Six Degrees Of Separation: The History Of Flight Simulators, David Keck, Morgan Lopez

Publications

Some of today's advanced flight simulators have the capacity to provide pilots with experiences of six degrees of freedom: forward/backward, up/down, or left/right (or pitching, rolling, or yawing in either direction). These incredible devices are the product of over 100 years of design developments that come from a series of technological discoveries and historical events.

Pilot Training Metrics At A Part 141 University Training Program, Steven Hampton, Dothag Truong, Ken Byrnes, Troy Techau

Publications

The study evaluates training at a collegiate flight training program providing metrics for time and costs from zero time to a Private Pilot. Training times for flights and activities are pulled from a sophisticated database used at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) and matched with flight and ground school lessons and then further subdivided to determine the amount of time spent training in areas of operation that are prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration in the published Practical Test Standards and Airman Certification Standards for those seeking pilot licenses and ratings. Provided are mean times and costs for a prospective pilot …

Hybrid Buoyant Aircraft: Future Stol Aircraft For Interconnectivity Of The Malaysian Islands, Anwar Ul Haque, Waqar Asrar, Ashraf Ali Omar, Erwin Sulaeman, Jaffar Syed Mohamed Ali

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Hybrid buoyant aircraft are new to the arena of air travel. They have the potential to boost the industry by leveraging new emerging lighter-than-air (LTA) and heavier-than-air (HTA) technologies. Hybrid buoyant aircraft are possible substitutes for jet and turbo-propeller aircraft currently utilized in aviation, and this manuscript is a country-specific (Malaysia) analysis to determine their potential market, assessing the tourism, business, agricultural, and airport transfer needs of such vehicles. A political, economic, social, and technological factors (PEST) analysis was also conducted to determine the impact of PEST parameters on the development of buoyant aircraft and to assess all existing problems …

Small Uas Detect And Avoid Requirements Necessary For Limited Beyond Visual Line Of Sight (Bvlos) Operations, Mark Askelson, Henry Cathey, Ronald Marsh, Zachary P. Waller, Paul Snyder, Gary M. Ullrich, Chris Theisen, Naima Kaabouch, William Semke, Michael Mullins, Kyle Foerster, Rosa Brothman, Stephen B. Hottman, Kerry Williamson, Eric Johnson, Alexander Vanhoudt, Zachariah Larue

Aviation Faculty Publications

Potential small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operational scenarios/use cases and Detect And Avoid (DAA) approaches were collected through a number of industry wide data calls. Every 333 Exemption holder was solicited for this same information. Summary information from more than 5,000 exemption holders is documented, and the information received had varied level of detail but has given relevant experiential information to generalize use cases. A plan was developed and testing completed to assess Radio Line Of Sight (RLOS), a potential key limiting factors for safe BVLOS ops. Details of the equipment used, flight test …

Pilot Source Study 2015: A Comparison Of Performance At Part 121 Regional Airlines Between Pilots Hired Before The U.S. Congress Passed Public Law 111-216 And Pilots Hired After The Law’S Effective Date, Maryjo O. Smith, Guy M. Smith, Elizabeth Bjerke, Cody Christensen, Thomas Q. Carney, Paul A. Craig, Mary Niemczyk

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This article is the third in a series of reports called Pilot Source Study 2015. In 2010, when the U.S. Congress considered dramatic changes to airline pilot qualifications, researchers from the ‘‘Pilot Source Study 2010’’ sampled pilots from six regional airlines to investigate how pilots’ backgrounds affected their performance in airline training. In 2012, when the FAA proposed rulemaking to implement Public Law 111-216, the ‘‘Pilot Source Study 2012’’ researchers repeated the study with a new sample of pilots from seven different regional airlines. Data from these two studies were combined into a Pre-Law dataset. On August 1, 2013, the …

A Comparison Of Airline Passengers' Perception And Attention Toward Onboard Safety Briefing Video Presentations, Yousef Aba Alkhail

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the type of safety demonstration on a passenger's perception and attention. Furthermore, the study examined if there are gender differences based on participant gender. The design utilizes a two-study approach. Study 1 used Florida Tech College of Aeronautics students. For Study 1, the design for Florida Tech Aeronautics students was a mixed design using one within subjects variable and one between subjects variable. This study was a nonrandomized, posttest-only design. Experimental conditions were counterbalanced. The ANOVA analysis of Study 1 demonstrated that there was no significant interaction between gender …

Consumers’ Level Of Trust In Using An Automated Train, Aircraft, Or Vehicle As A Transportation Means, Vivalda Alexandra Patin

Theses and Dissertations

Automation is a growing technology within most industries. It is expected that automated systems may replace human functions in the near future. The purpose of this study was to determine whether factors such as: type of passenger, type of transportation, and type of operating system have an effect on consumers’ level of trust when it comes to automation in terms of transportation. In order to accomplish this task, an experimental study was conducted with 735 participants who were recruited via Amazon’s ® Mechanical Turk ®. The study provided participants with a questionnaire where they were presented with different scenarios such …

Applications Of The Technology Acceptance Model To Integration Of The Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance System In Fighter Aircraft Operations, Casey Richardson

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The leading cause of F-16 fighter aircraft and fighter pilot losses is ground collisions. In an effort to curb this hazard, an automatic ground collision avoidance system (AGCAS) was formally fielded for use in routine U.S. Air Force active-duty F-16 operations in 2014. AGCAS uses a high-level automation design capable of altering the aircraft’s flight control system independent of pilot action.

This study explored an application of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to integration of the AGCAS in fighter aircraft operations. Using data from a survey of active-duty U.S. Air Force F-16 operational fighter pilots (n=142), collected shortly after initial …

The Effect Of Surface Materials And Morphology On Wingsuit Aerodynamics, Timothy Allen Sestak

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

This study examines the aerodynamic effects of the materials, textiles, and morphologies currently used in wingsuit design and construction. The experiment was a low-speed wind tunnel investigation using a rigid wing with an aspect ratio of 2, a NACA 4418 airfoil cross section and a smooth, polished painted surface as a baseline. The baseline wing was modified by covering the upper and lower surfaces with various textiles currently used in wingsuit construction. This study is the first step in continued research to design and build a wingsuit with superior glide performance compared to current designs. Surface textures and features on …

Pilot Source Study 2015: A Comparison Of Performance At Part 121 Regional Airlines Between Pilots Hired Before The U.S. Congress Passed Public Law 111-216 And Pilots Hired After The Law’S Effective Date, Maryjo O. Smith, Guy M. Smith, Elizabeth Bjerke, Cody Christensen, Thomas Q. Carney, Paul A. Craig, Mary Niemczyk

Aviation Faculty Publications

This article is the third in a series of reports called Pilot Source Study 2015. In 2010, when the U.S. Congress considered dramatic changes to airline pilot qualifications, researchers from the ‘‘Pilot Source Study 2010’’ sampled pilots from six regional airlines to investigate how pilots’ backgrounds affected their performance in airline training. In 2012, when the FAA proposed rulemaking to implement Public Law 111-216, the ‘‘Pilot Source Study 2012’’ researchers repeated the study with a new sample of pilots from seven different regional airlines. Data from these two studies were combined into a Pre-Law dataset. On August 1, 2013, the …

Exploring Usability In Web-Based Aviation Weather: An Assessment Of The Aviation Weather Center Website, Benjamin Remy

Theses and Dissertations

To provide a starting point for usability research in the area of online aviation weather, we performed a two-part usability study of the popular Aviation Weather Center website for general aviation users. The first part of the study utilized the System Usability Scale to examine different types of weather information as used by a general aviation pilot on a VFR cross-country flight and compare the usability of the information to an existing benchmark. No scores were significantly less than the benchmark, but the ordering of weather information by usability score provided valuable insight into the relationship between usability and pilot …

Symbol Salience Affects Change Detection Performance In General Aviation Weather Displays, Adam A. Hruszczyk

Theses and Dissertations

General aviation pilots perform many tasks during a flight such as navigating a route, performing 'see and avoid', operating the radio and navigational instruments, viewing charts and approach plates, and scanning and interpreting their flight instruments. In addition to these tasks, pilots may utilize a cockpit weather presentation to monitor weather information for areas along the route of flight. Due to the complexity of most modern weather displays, information changes may go unnoticed. The objective of this study was to examine how saliency characteristics such as line color, thickness, and orientation affected an observer’s change detection performance and response time. …

The Effects Of Laser Eye Protection On Color Recognition And Discrimination, Sherisse Melanie Pierre

Theses and Dissertations

The number of reported laser strikes on aircraft has increased over the years. Laser strikes pose a threat to safety and thus, warrant attention and mitigation efforts. Laser Eye Protection (LEP) is one mitigation method available to pilots; however, LEP can affect a person’s color vision. When wearing the LEP pilots should be able to retain sufficient color recognition and discrimination abilities. This exploratory study investigates the effect of LEP on color recognition and discrimination of four colors, red, blue, green, and amber, using a sample of 90 participants. When using the LEP the majority of participants were able to …

Examining The Safety Climate Of U.S. Based Aviation Maintenance, Repair, And Overhaul (Mro) Organizations, Kole Osaretin Uhuegho

Theses and Dissertations

The primary purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to replicate Fogarty (2005) by determining if the current study’s data were consistent with Fogarty’s model involving the three constructs of Safety Climate, Psychological Strain, and Errors; and (b) to examine the extent to which the sample data supported Bandura’s (1977) reciprocal causation model involving the three corresponding dimensions of Environment, Person, and Behavior. The study used an explanatory correlational design to measure the relationships between the targeted variables associated with U.S based civilian MRO workers. Safety Climate/Environment variables included recognition, safety concern, supervision, feedback, and training; Psychological Strain/Person variables included …

X650f Power Solution, Joseph Reed, Joe Lund, Donald Yu, Jessica Iglesias, Daniel Ewell

Aviation Technology Undergraduate Student Research

This poster presents the problem of how that students coming out of the UAV minor and major are not getting enough flight time in the starting courses such as AT 209 and AT 219. Due to this, they are not as prepared as they should be for the higher level courses such as AT 309 and AT 319. Our end goal is to somehow increase the level of flight time in the earlier courses so that they can be prepared and ready for the next level courses.

X650f Power Enhancement, Joseph Reed, Joe Lund, Donald Yu, Jessica Iglesias, Daniel Ewell

Aviation Technology Undergraduate Student Research

This proposal seeks to define the purpose, goals, and scope of the X650F Power Enhancement project. Five members of Purdue’s Aeronautical Engineering Technology program are leading this project as part of their senior capstone research course. The purpose of said project is to look into the many possibilities of enhancing the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) power supply. This can open doors to several opportunities that can benefit both the Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) program here at Purdue University, as well as the all of the students expected to go into the industry. The ideas looked into include, but are not …

Effects Of System Reliability And Time Pressure On Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator Performance And Mental Workload, Dahai Liu, Rania Ghatas, Christina Frederick-Recascino, Dennis Vincenzi Ph.D.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are in the midst of aviation’s next generation. UAVs are being utilized at an increasing rate by military and security operations and are becoming widely popular in usage for activities such as search and rescue and weather research to homeland security and border patrol. In order for a safer integration of UAV’s within the National Airspace System (NAS), many research questions need to be addressed. This study examined the effects of system reliability and time pressure on UAV operator performance and mental workload. Twenty-four undergraduate and graduate students, male and female, from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated …

An Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Collegiate Aviation Safety Management System Initiative, Self-Efficacy, Transformational Safety Leadership And Safety Behavior Mediated By Safety Motivation, Daniel Kwasi Adjekum

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The study conceptualized Safety Management System (SMS) initiative, self-efficacy, and transformational safety leadership as constructs that relates to safety behavior (measured by safety compliance and safety participation) when mediated by safety motivation using a quantitative approach. Structural equation modeling techniques was used to derive a final measurement model that fit the empirical data and was used to test the study hypotheses. Utilizing a sample of 282 collegiate flight students and instructors from a large public university in the US, a 46-item survey was used to measure respondent’s perceptions on the study variables. The results indicate that perceptions of SMS policy …

A Safety Management Model For Far 141 Approved Flight Schools, Flavio A. C. Mendonca, Thomas Q. Carney

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The Safety Management Annex (Annex 19), which became applicable in November 2013, consolidates safety management provisions previously contained in six other International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annexes, and will serve as a resource for overarching state safety management responsibilities. Through Annex 19, ICAO has required that its member states develop and implement safety management systems (SMS) to improve safety. This mandate includes an approved training organization that is exposed to aviation safety risks. In 2015, the FAA published AC 120-92B to provide guidance material for certificate holders operating under FAR 121, to implement and maintain an SMS. This AC may …

Flying The Beam: Navigating The Early Us Airmail Airways, 1917-1941, Henry Lehrer

ERAU Prescott Aviation History Program

We tend to take for granted the infrastructure that makes modern air travel possible. However, the systems, technologies and regulations of civil aviation are in fact the product of decades of experimentation much of it connected to development of airmail as the first sustainable use of airplanes. Hear this fascinating tale from an author, historian, educator and pilot who spent part of his life flying the Transcontinental Airway that stretched from New York City across the nation all the way to San Francisco.

Opening Autonomous Airspace–A Prologue, Samuel M. Vance

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and in particular small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS), has significant operational implications for the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system of the future. Integrating unmanned aircraft safely presents long-standing challenges, especially during the lengthy transition period when unmanned vehicles will be mixed with piloted vehicles. Integration of dissimilar systems is not an easy, straight-forward task and in this case is complicated by the difficulty to truly know what is present in the airspace. Additionally, there are significant technology, security and liability issues that will need resolution to ensure property and life are protected and …

The Relationship Between Motivation And Job Preferences In Commercial Aviation Graduates, Shayne A. Daku, Robert Stupnisky

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

The current demand for commercial pilots at regional airlines means that graduates of commercial aviation degree programs have the luxury of choosing a particular place of employment post-graduation. What do the majority of these graduates look for when choosing a place to work after they graduate and meet the minimum hiring requirements? The present research surveyed 134 recent commercial aviation degree students and graduates to determine what motivated their decision to work for a particular regional airline. Student’s and graduate’s motivation was measured using Vallerand et al.’s (1992) Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). Respondents who demonstrated extrinsic – identified motivation style …

Airline Quality Rating 2017, Brent D. Bowen, Dean E. Headley

Airline Quality Rating Report

The results of the 27th annual national Airline Quality Rating (AQR). The most comprehensive study of the performance quality of the 12 largest airlines in the United States, the AQR is conducted by researchers at the W. Frank Barton School of Business at Wichita State University and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University’s Prescott, Ariz., campus. Airline performance, as presented by AQR researchers, encompasses a multifactor look at the overall quality of the airlines. It includes on-time performance, denied boardings, mishandled baggage and customer complaints. AQR is the longest running and most established measure of airline quality. AQR researchers use a combination of …

A Usability Study For Electronic Flight Bag (Efb) Flight Planning Applications On Tablet Devices For Ab-Initio Pilots, Jeff Schwartzentruber

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The proliferation of mobile technology has prompted the use of tablet devices in the cockpit and during ground operations in general aviation. Due to the increase in affordable and reliable hardware (i.e. iPads etc.), the development of pilot-specific software has led to the creation of a commercial-of-the-shelf (COTS), electronic flight bag (EFB) market. EFBs have many advantages, such as reducing the space requirements for flight documents, enabling faster searching and indexing of files, providing useful tools for flight planning, and providing automatic updates. The increase in availability of mobile technology and flight applications has allowed general aviation enthusiast and ab-initio …

Method And Shear-Driven Micro-Fluidic Pump, Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

United States Patent Application, Publication Number US 2017/0096990 A1, Publication Date April 6, 2017.

An example includes an apparatus to pump a fluid. The apparatus includes a housing extending along a length defining an elongate interior, an actuator in the housing, conforming to the elongate interior, the actuator including a plurality of lumens, each having a length extending substantially parallel to the elongate interior, each from around 10 to 200 micrometers across and an actuator configured to oscillate the actuator in the actuator housing along the length of the elongate interior with a rate differential between movement in a first …

Powered-Lift Aircraft Category: What Is It?, Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

FAA Safety Seminar (GL1574995) held at Minnesota State University, Mankato at 18:00 CST on Thursday, April 6, 2017.

General Aviation Hypoxia And Reporting Statistics, Timothy B. Holt, Jacqueline Luedtke, Claire Schindler

Publications

“All too often, pilots tell me they don't need physiological training because they don't fly that high. The statement points out the general feelings of a large majority of the aviation population. I suppose then the burning question is ‘why do we still have aircraft accidents?’” (Boshers, 2015). To this day there are no statistics on how often general aviation pilots experience hypoxia during everyday operations. General aviation pilots (i.e. non-commercial operations) were chosen for this study because:

• Little regulation regarding flight physiology training
• General attitude of invulnerability towards hypoxia
• No requirement to report hypoxia or similar events

Distillation-Resolved Evolution Of Key Combustion Properties, Francis Haas, Jay A. Lefkowitz

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Many studies demonstrate successful emulation of pre-vaporized real fuel combustion through use of fuel surrogates. These surrogates may be described by a multiplicity of non-unique multicomponent formulations, each with pre-vaporized combustion behaviors that are essentially equivalent to the target real fuel and each other. However, many combustion applications employ fuel sprays, leaving some question as to the validity of pre-vaporized assumptions for these conditions. In the present work, a batch distillation model for ideal liquids is developed to predict the evolution of surrogate fuel combustion properties such as autoignition propensity (represented by an effective RON or DCN), hydrogen-carbon-oxygen atomic ratios, …

Find Your Center, Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of The Relationships Between Collegiate Aviation Safety Management System Initiative, Self-Efficacy, Transformational Safety Leadership And Safety Behavior Mediated By Safety Motivation, Daniel Kwasi Adjekum

Aviation Faculty Publications

The study conceptualized Safety Management System (SMS) initiative, self-efficacy, and transformational safety leadership as constructs that relates to safety behavior (measured by safety compliance and safety participation) when mediated by safety motivation using a quantitative approach. Structural equation modeling techniques was used to derive a final measurement model that fit the empirical data and was used to test the study hypotheses. Utilizing a sample of 282 collegiate flight students and instructors from a large public university in the US, a 46-item survey was used to measure respondent’s perceptions on the study variables. The results indicate that perceptions of SMS policy …