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Articles 61 - 90 of 169
Full-Text Articles in Aviation
Predictability Improvement Of Scheduled Flights Departure Time Variation Using Supervised Machine Learning, Deepudev Sahadevan, Palanisamy Ponnusamy Dr, Manjunath K. Nelli Mr, Varun P. Gopi Dr
Predictability Improvement Of Scheduled Flights Departure Time Variation Using Supervised Machine Learning, Deepudev Sahadevan, Palanisamy Ponnusamy Dr, Manjunath K. Nelli Mr, Varun P. Gopi Dr
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The departure time uncertainty exacerbates the inaccuracy of arrival time estimation and demand for arrival slots, particularly for movements to capacity constrained airports. The Estimated Take-Off Time (ETOT) or Estimated Departure Time(ETD) for each individual flight is currently derived from Air Traffic Flow Management System (ATFMS), which are solely determined based on individual flight plan Estimated Off Block Time(EOBT) or subsequent delays updated by Airline. Even if normal weather conditions prevail, aircraft departure times will differ from ETOTs determined by the ATFMS due to a number of factors such as congestion, early/delayed inbound flight (linked flights), reactionary delays and air …
Notes On Rules Of Thumb For Pilots, Yuzo Inokuchi
Notes On Rules Of Thumb For Pilots, Yuzo Inokuchi
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The rules of thumb can be found in several flight instructions or pilot's handbooks. Thus far, available rules have been presented without proof or a valid range, such as altitude or velocity ranges wherein these rules can be applied. This paper presents the background theory for a few selected rules; then, the rule is compared with a first-order approximation of the background theory. A valid range is presented by analyzing the prediction accuracy of the rule, which is defined as the relative error of the rule to the background theory. These rules of thumb provide a good approximation of the …
Identification Of Wind-Induced Hazard Zones Impacting Uas Bridge Inspection, Jack J. Green, John Mott
Identification Of Wind-Induced Hazard Zones Impacting Uas Bridge Inspection, Jack J. Green, John Mott
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) continue to grow in both popularity and utility within the national airspace system. The use of commercial UAS for civil inspection, specifically that of bridge structures, is becoming commonplace among practitioners and academics alike. The development of an integrated bridge-inspection hazard model provides a way for UAS operators to prepare for and respond to changing environmental conditions that could otherwise prevent a successful UAS flight. The interaction of wind-induced airflow with bridge surfaces creates an aerodynamic wake that can result in hazardous conditions for a UAS platform operating in close proximity. An analysis of this airflow …
Aviation Culture: A ‘Glass Sky’ For Women Pilots - Literature Review, Ivana Gorlin, Donna Bridges
Aviation Culture: A ‘Glass Sky’ For Women Pilots - Literature Review, Ivana Gorlin, Donna Bridges
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
This paper reports on a review of literature covering gender issues in aviation. It considers the impacts of aviation culture on women pilots. The focus of the review was on empirical studies over a 25-year period (1996-2020). Two research questions underpin the review; firstly, we investigated how aviation culture impacts women pilots’ experiences, secondly, we considered its effect on women as pilots. Using a hermeneutic methodological framework, we found that cultural attitudes towards women pilots in the aviation industry are biased and discriminatory. The studies in the review overwhelming concur that the hegemonic masculine culture that dominates aviation significantly diminishes …
Pilot Visual Detection Of Small Unmanned Aircraft On Final Approach During Nighttime Conditions, Jon M. Loffi, Ryan J. Wallace, Samuel M. Vance, Jamey Jacob, Jared C. Dunlap, Taylor A. Mitchell, Dane C. Johnson
Pilot Visual Detection Of Small Unmanned Aircraft On Final Approach During Nighttime Conditions, Jon M. Loffi, Ryan J. Wallace, Samuel M. Vance, Jamey Jacob, Jared C. Dunlap, Taylor A. Mitchell, Dane C. Johnson
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
In December 2020, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced the release of a new final rule, permitting operators of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) to perform routine night operations. Public comments to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking indicated potential safety concerns regarding a pilot’s ability to spot a low-altitude sUAS during nighttime conditions. Leveraging data from the FAA’s UAS Sighting Report Database, the research team evaluated the significance of aircraft encounters with UAS at night. Researchers conducted an inflight experiment in which 10 pilots performed an instrument approach to airport during nighttime conditions in which a multi-rotor sUAS presented a …
Occupational Radiation Exposures In Aviation: Air Traffic Safety Systems Considerations, Adeyinka Olumuyiwa Osunwusi
Occupational Radiation Exposures In Aviation: Air Traffic Safety Systems Considerations, Adeyinka Olumuyiwa Osunwusi
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Radiation from both natural and artificial sources is an inescapable and undeniable reality of human existence. Aside from exposure to radiation from a wide variety of natural sources including background ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields from the earth, the increasing multiplicity of scientific and technological advancements and the growing complexities of the urbanization process are combining to elevate the susceptibility of mankind to non-ionizing radiation from electromagnetic fields. Debates regarding the health outcomes of occupational radiation exposures in aviation have been intense in recent times with a focus that appears predominantly riveted on in-flight radiation exposures. Whereas the vast majority …
Needs Based Assessment Of Agricultural Pilots In The Upper Midwest, Andrew Leonard, Cody Christensen, Jessie Hendricks
Needs Based Assessment Of Agricultural Pilots In The Upper Midwest, Andrew Leonard, Cody Christensen, Jessie Hendricks
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The agricultural aviation industry plays an increasingly important role in being able to meet the demands of food production on global level. With a limited ability to increase the amount of land used for food production, farmers will have to find a way to increase yields on current land. Unfortunately, the agricultural aviation industry is at risk of having a shortage of pilots able to operate its aircraft. With the current generation of agricultural pilots reaching retirement, operators are scrambling to find qualified pilots to fill their seats. The majority of operators indicated that when looking for a new pilot …
Managing Safety Risks In Airline Maintenance Outsourcing, Rajee Olaganathan Dr., Mark Miller Dr., Bettina M. Mrusek Dr.
Managing Safety Risks In Airline Maintenance Outsourcing, Rajee Olaganathan Dr., Mark Miller Dr., Bettina M. Mrusek Dr.
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The U.S aviation industry faced severe financial losses after the 9/11 incident. The financial loss that occurred between 2000 and 2009 in the U.S. alone was $54 billion dollars. One of the operational strategies adopted by air carriers to overcome this hurdle was to outsource aircraft maintenance. Initially, this was accomplished in both home and off-shore locations. Unionized labor relations in the US ultimately forced these organizations to outsource to non-unionized labor sources in foreign countries. However, due to the upsurge in accidents and incidents that resulting from maintenance failures, the concept of outsourcing maintenance became a subject of debate …
A Conceptual Framework For Valuating Airline Frequent Flyer Program Miles, Yi Gao
A Conceptual Framework For Valuating Airline Frequent Flyer Program Miles, Yi Gao
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Frequent flyer programs of airlines have gradually evolved into a multi-billion dollar business over the years. Valuing frequent flyer program miles accurately and fairly has its practical implications both for airlines and members of frequent flyer programs. As a ground-breaking academic study dedicated to airline loyalty programs, this study aims to build a conceptual framework to guide the valuation of miles. Through comparing required miles for different award types with their equivalent cash prices, this study has successfully addressed the purchasing power of AAdvantage miles of American Airlines when they are used for award redemption. Not only can this study …
Converting The Aircraft Passenger’S Cabin To An Airship When There Is A Danger Of Crash, Abouzar Bahari
Converting The Aircraft Passenger’S Cabin To An Airship When There Is A Danger Of Crash, Abouzar Bahari
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
From the beginning of the airplane invention until now, many kinds of airliners have been introduced by different companies to transport the people throughout the world. However, although the manufacturing companies have highly promoted the technical and safety systems of the airliners and made them the safest traveling equipment, there is still a possibility of their failure in the technical and/ or safety systems. The serious faults that may occur in an aircraft during the flight can cause the loss of its control. Improving the aircraft safety to guarantee the security, both bodily and spiritually, is of a high demand. …
Risk - A Multi-Layered Approach, Peter S. Neff
Risk - A Multi-Layered Approach, Peter S. Neff
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
This article discusses the relationship between the mandates to achieve increased operational safety and the application of risk management strategies. That commercial airlines must operate at the highest level of safety is mandated by statute. FAA regulation, 14 CFR part 5, outlines the FAA response to the requirements of ICAO Annex 19, Safety Management, by establishing requirements for certificate holders to develop a Safety Management System with 4 components: (a) Safety Policy; (b) Safety Risk Management; (c) Safety Assurance; and (d) Safety Promotion. Safety is a tangible and intangible element foundational to the successful commercial airline sector. A structured multi-layered …
A Review Of Dji’S Mavic Pro Precision Landing Accuracy, Cody Yoakum, Joseph Cerreta
A Review Of Dji’S Mavic Pro Precision Landing Accuracy, Cody Yoakum, Joseph Cerreta
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Precision landing has the potential to increase the accuracy of autonomous landings. Unique applications require specific landing performance; for example, wireless charging loses efficiency with a misalignment of 100mm. Unfortunately, there is no publicly available information for the DJI Mavic Pro’s landing specifications. This research investigated the ability of a Mavic Pro to land at a specified point accurately. The purpose of this research is to determine if precision landings are more accurate than non-precision autonomous landings and if the Mavic Pro is capable of applications such as wireless charging when using precision landings. A total of 128 (64 precision …
Simulation Analysis Of The Effects Of Performance-Based Navigation On Fuel And Block Time Efficiency, Shlok Misra
Simulation Analysis Of The Effects Of Performance-Based Navigation On Fuel And Block Time Efficiency, Shlok Misra
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The commercial aviation industry has been grown steadily in the past decade in terms of the number of flights operated and passengers traveled. The Federal Aviation Administration has introduced several technologies and initiatives under the NextGen Program. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) is one such technology that is aimed at improving the efficiency of the National Airspace System which will improve system capacity and reduce delays. The airlines operate with restrained resources and investments into reducing fuel costs and flight times will directly or indirectly impact profit margins. PBN procedures and routes can help airlines reduce block times as flights will be …
Efficiency Analysis Of A Congested Brazilian Airport Applying Slots Optimization Control: Congonhas Airport Case, Mariana Franco B. Mendes, Rafael Roco De Araujo, Ana Paula Beck Da Silva Etges, Massoud Bazargan
Efficiency Analysis Of A Congested Brazilian Airport Applying Slots Optimization Control: Congonhas Airport Case, Mariana Franco B. Mendes, Rafael Roco De Araujo, Ana Paula Beck Da Silva Etges, Massoud Bazargan
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The current slot allocation mechanism in Brazil, based on the International Air Transport Association (IATA) rules, and its supplementary local regulation The National Civil Aviation Agency (ANAC), displays a few issues and limitations (e.g. slot misuse, allocation inefficiencies). Such issues are particularly present in the case of busy airports that works near their maximum capacity for major parts of the day. This inefficiency problem is generated because of the complexity of slot allocation added to the limited decision support available for the Brazilian system. This study focuses on the implementation of an optimal slot model, based on IATA regulations with …
Significance Of Incorporating Weather Technology Training For Ga Pilots To Curb Fatalities, Rajee Olaganathan Dr, Richard G. Ham Dr.
Significance Of Incorporating Weather Technology Training For Ga Pilots To Curb Fatalities, Rajee Olaganathan Dr, Richard G. Ham Dr.
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Weather is considered to be the main threat to aviation safety from the early 1900s. Despite advanced technologies available at present, the weather still poses a risk to the ever-growing aviation industry. This research gives an overview of weather-related accidents with special reference to Part 91 operation in the United States from 1982 and 2017 based on the NTSB database. The analysis shows that 14 CFR Part 91 operations experienced more accidents than Part 121 operations, and weather was a cause or a contributing factor in 35 % of fatal general aviation accidents. The study also identified the main weather …
Analyzing The Threats Of The Failure Of Visual Awareness During A Visual Approach For Transport Category Aircraft, Shlok Misra
Analyzing The Threats Of The Failure Of Visual Awareness During A Visual Approach For Transport Category Aircraft, Shlok Misra
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk posed by the failure of visual awareness during visual approaches for transport category aircraft. Visual awareness is critical while conducting visual approaches and it is important to study the factors that can limit the capabilities of human beings to maintain visual awareness. Visual approaches expose pilots to multiple and critical visual stimuli that require strong visual awareness for safe operations. The study conducted a detailed analysis of the Flight Safety Foundation accident database to study the reported incidents during visual approaches from 1998-2018. The effect of human factors was studied …
Aviation Safety Regulations Versus Cns/Atm Systems And Functionalities, Adeyinka Olumuyiwa Osunwusi
Aviation Safety Regulations Versus Cns/Atm Systems And Functionalities, Adeyinka Olumuyiwa Osunwusi
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The safety, security, efficiency, regularity, and sustainable development of international civil aviation operations revolve around a web of well-defined legal, policy, regulatory and methodological frameworks, which prescribe, inter alia, mandatory, advisory, prescriptive or discretionary requirements in respect of interactivities within the civil aviation community. In relation to this body of legal, policy, regulatory and methodological frameworks, the Convention on International Civil Aviation (otherwise known as the Chicago Convention, 1944) clearly represents the locus classicus. The Chicago Convention, which governs the activities of Contracting States of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), incorporates 96 Articles and embodies, to date, …
Factors Influencing The Emergence Of Suborbital Space Tourism, Brian T. Musselman, Steven Hampton
Factors Influencing The Emergence Of Suborbital Space Tourism, Brian T. Musselman, Steven Hampton
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Suborbital space tourism is becoming a reality. The suborbital space industry is predicted to grow from $340 billion to $1 trillion over the next 20 years. A literature review, conducted on references from 2012 to 2019, identified five factors associated with the development and management of safe and effective suborbital space tourism. This paper summarizes the aspects of demand, ticket cost, motivation and risk, health risk, and policy, and how each influences the development and management of suborbital space toursim.
Uas For Public Safety Operations: A Comparison Of Uas Point Clouds To Terrestrial Lidar Point Cloud Data Using A Faro Scanner, Joseph S. Cerreta, Scott S. Burgess, Jeremy Coleman
Uas For Public Safety Operations: A Comparison Of Uas Point Clouds To Terrestrial Lidar Point Cloud Data Using A Faro Scanner, Joseph S. Cerreta, Scott S. Burgess, Jeremy Coleman
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) can be useful tools for public safety agencies during crime or vehicle accident scene investigations if it can provide value to the resource-constrained agency. The speed of data collection, while minimizing first responder risk, while sustaining an acceptable level of accuracy and precision compared to other tools is where the agency may find value. During a recent homicide investigation in Florida, a UAS provided saved 81% in law enforcement labor hours with an acceptable level of accuracy compared to traditional methods. The purpose of this research was to compare UAS to determine if there were differences …
Analysis Of Part 135 Aircraft Accidents To Facilitate Flight Data Monitoring, Chenyu Huang
Analysis Of Part 135 Aircraft Accidents To Facilitate Flight Data Monitoring, Chenyu Huang
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
The scheduled and on-demand air services with Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 135 certificate are operating with relatively less stringent safety program criteria compared to Part 121 operations. The Part 135 aircraft flight operation was identified as one of the most wanted transportation safety improvements by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Implementation of flight data monitoring (FDM) programs was recommended to mitigate the risk of Part 135 operations. The FDM program is the process of routinely collecting and analyzing aircraft operational data to provide insight into flight operations for safety improvement. The development of more practical …
Analysis Of The Icao Usoap Results In The Persian Gulf Region And Its Relation To The Economic Indicators, Mohsen Ghahremani
Analysis Of The Icao Usoap Results In The Persian Gulf Region And Its Relation To The Economic Indicators, Mohsen Ghahremani
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
No abstract provided.
The Current State Of Counter Unmanned Aerial System Policy In The U.S., Travis L. Cline, Damon Lercel, Umit Karabiyik, J. Eric Dietz
The Current State Of Counter Unmanned Aerial System Policy In The U.S., Travis L. Cline, Damon Lercel, Umit Karabiyik, J. Eric Dietz
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Threats from drones are becoming an increasing security concern throughout the U.S. and worldwide. No current standards exist for the manufacture and operation of counter unmanned aerial system technology, making it difficult to determine effective systems and components for specific uses. Current policy within the U.S. makes unmanned aerial system (UAS) interdiction illegal for all but a few Federal entities currently. This document is a summary of counter unmanned aerial systems policy within the U.S.
Real-Time Urban Weather Observations For Urban Air Mobility, Kevin A. Adkins, Mustafa Akbas, Marc Compere
Real-Time Urban Weather Observations For Urban Air Mobility, Kevin A. Adkins, Mustafa Akbas, Marc Compere
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Cities of the future will have to overcome congestion, air pollution and increasing infrastructure cost while moving more people and goods smoothly, efficiently and in an eco-friendly manner. Urban air mobility (UAM) is expected to be an integral component of achieving this new type of city. This is a new environment for sustained aviation operations. The heterogeneity of the urban fabric and the roughness elements within it create a unique environment where flight conditions can change frequently across very short distances. UAM vehicles with their lower mass, more limited thrust and slower speeds are especially sensitive to these conditions. Since …
Evaluating The Merit Of Implementing A Safety Management System Into An Unmanned Aerial Systems Company, Nathan Phillips, Jennifer Herr
Evaluating The Merit Of Implementing A Safety Management System Into An Unmanned Aerial Systems Company, Nathan Phillips, Jennifer Herr
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Safety Management System (SMS) implementation into small Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) organizations is only now beginning to happen. Because of the lack of research into this area and its cutting edge application in unmanned aviation, a look into the potential benefits as well as the differences from manned avation seems appropriate.
Automatic Gaze Classification For Aviators: Using Multi-Task Convolutional Networks As A Proxy For Flight Instructor Observation, Justin Wilson, Sandro Scielzo, Sukumaran Nair, Eric C. Larson
Automatic Gaze Classification For Aviators: Using Multi-Task Convolutional Networks As A Proxy For Flight Instructor Observation, Justin Wilson, Sandro Scielzo, Sukumaran Nair, Eric C. Larson
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
In this work, we investigate how flight instructors observe aviator scan patterns and assign quality to an aviator's gaze. We first establish the reliability of instructors to assign similar quality to an aviator's scan patterns, and then investigate methods to automate this quality using machine learning. In particular, we focus on the classification of gaze for aviators in a mixed-reality flight simulation. We create and evaluate two machine learning models for classifying gaze quality of aviators: a task-agnostic model and a multi-task model. Both models use deep convolutional neural networks to classify the quality of pilot gaze patterns for 40 …
Cleared To Land: Pilot Visual Detection Of Small Unmanned Aircraft During Final Approach, Ryan J. Wallace, Samuel M. Vance, Jon M. Loffi, Jamey Jacob, Jared C. Dunlap, Taylor A. Mitchell, Robert Thomas, Seabrook R. Whyte
Cleared To Land: Pilot Visual Detection Of Small Unmanned Aircraft During Final Approach, Ryan J. Wallace, Samuel M. Vance, Jon M. Loffi, Jamey Jacob, Jared C. Dunlap, Taylor A. Mitchell, Robert Thomas, Seabrook R. Whyte
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Sighting reports of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) by pilots, air traffic controllers, and other aviation stakeholders have continued to rise since the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) began tracking in 2014. In 2018, the FAA received 2,307 such reports, with 22.8% (n = 526) occurring during the final approach phase of flight. The threat of a midair collision between a manned aircraft and UAS is heightened during the final approach phase of flight, as the aircraft transitions from higher-altitude airspace to the low-altitude arena, now shared with drones. Absent UAS sense and avoid systems, pilots are forced to rely on …
Low Level Turbulence Detection For Airports, Anthony O' Connor, Derek Kearney
Low Level Turbulence Detection For Airports, Anthony O' Connor, Derek Kearney
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Abstract—— Low level wind shear and turbulence present a serious safety risk to aircraft during the approach, landing and take-off phases. Despite many advances in on-board and ground based warning systems. Wind shear remains a formidable force that coupled with a microburst can overpower any aircraft. Aviation reports have concluded that pilots need to have improved information in relation to tailwinds, wind shear and wind variations on approach and during the landing phases. Low level wind shear continues to cause disruption, delays and contribute to aircraft crashes. As recently as 2016, two Boeing aircraft crashed while attempting a Go-around …
The Application Of Signal Detection Theory Principles To Aircraft Certification, John M. Maris Ph.D, Alexander V. Ilyin Ph.D
The Application Of Signal Detection Theory Principles To Aircraft Certification, John M. Maris Ph.D, Alexander V. Ilyin Ph.D
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
This paper presents the application of Signal Detection Theory (SDT) concepts to the certification of optional systems that provide operational or system safety benefits. The method and analysis yield quantitative requirements for the system performance that account for the risks and benefits of the potential system. This is in contrast to the standard certification approach which only focuses on Failure Conditions, and does not examine potential system benefits. A case study of an aircraft spotter on an electronic moving map illustrates that substantial safety improvements may be achieved even with the relatively low levels of software reliability associated with Commercial …
Mro Cybersecurity Swot, Danita Baghdasarin
Mro Cybersecurity Swot, Danita Baghdasarin
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
This article intended to identify gaps in the safety management system (SMS) framework when it comes to dealing with cyber risks and hazards in the maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) industry. Cybersecurity is currently a concern of the aviation industry, but organizations in the MRO industry do not seem to be aware of any specific risks and hazards and therefore are not prepared to handle them. Concerns are largely around the increasing reach of aviation and the digital transformation of infrastructure, but the body of knowledge does not go into any greater detail. As a result, it is hard to …
Speech Interfaces And Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Kenneth A. Ward
Speech Interfaces And Pilot Performance: A Meta-Analysis, Kenneth A. Ward
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
As the aviation industry modernizes, new technology and interfaces must support growing aircraft complexity without increasing pilot workload. Natural language processing presents just such a simple and intuitive interface, yet the performance implications for use by pilots remain unknown. A meta-analysis was conducted to understand performance effects of using speech and voice interfaces in a series of pilot task analogs. The inclusion criteria selected studies that involved participants performing a demanding primary task, such as driving, while interacting with a vehicle system to enter numbers, dial radios, or enter a navigation destination. Compared to manual system interfaces, voice interfaces reduced …