Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
- Keyword
-
- Human factors (4)
- Aviation (2)
- Decision Making (2)
- Trust (2)
- Advanced Air Mobility (1)
-
- Advanced air mobility (1)
- Aerobatics (1)
- Aircraft Certification (1)
- Aircraft Certification Constructs (1)
- And Safety Behaviors (1)
- And experience quality. (1)
- Aptitude (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Automation (1)
- Autonomy (1)
- Biofeedback (1)
- CFIs (1)
- Commercial UAS (1)
- Cortisol (1)
- Cybersecurity (1)
- Cybersecurity education (1)
- Diversity in cybersecurity (1)
- EVTOL (1)
- EVTOL Certification (1)
- Engagement (1)
- Eye Movements (1)
- Forecasting (1)
- HATs (1)
- Human AI teaming (1)
- Human agent teaming (1)
Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Aviation
Diversifying Cybersecurity: Evaluation Of An Internet Of Things (Iot)-Based Cybersecurity Training Course Designed To Bridge The Diversity Gap, Maureen Namukasa, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Carlie Swords, Curtice Gough, Weronika Dymanus, Catherine Diresta, John Vitali, Vivek Sharma, T J. Oconnor, Meredith Carroll
Diversifying Cybersecurity: Evaluation Of An Internet Of Things (Iot)-Based Cybersecurity Training Course Designed To Bridge The Diversity Gap, Maureen Namukasa, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Carlie Swords, Curtice Gough, Weronika Dymanus, Catherine Diresta, John Vitali, Vivek Sharma, T J. Oconnor, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an eight-module Cybersecurity course at increasing the learning outcomes of middle and high school students with little to no experience, including underrepresented minorities (URMs) in Cybersecurity. Twice we administered and evaluated the Cybersecurity course, which included hands-on IoT-based activities, utilizing collaborative learning, scaffolding, and representation-based learning strategies. Using a quasi-experimental, within-subjects, repeated measures design, each participant experienced a pretest, the course, and a post-test to evaluate the impact on learners’ self-efficacy, interest, and knowledge. The results revealed that (1) at pre-test, female (p = .001) and in one course administration minority …
Understanding Human-Agent Teaming: A Mixed-Methods Examination Of Perceptions And Interactions, Valerie Robbins-Roth, Kendall Carmody, Bella Deloach, Meredith Carroll, Amanda Thayer, Jessica Wildman
Understanding Human-Agent Teaming: A Mixed-Methods Examination Of Perceptions And Interactions, Valerie Robbins-Roth, Kendall Carmody, Bella Deloach, Meredith Carroll, Amanda Thayer, Jessica Wildman
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
While quantitative research on trust in HATs is well-established, there is a significant gap in understanding individuals’ subjective experiences during trust violations and repair. This study explores how people perceive and respond to these events, guided by three key questions: (1) How do participants describe emotional and behavioral responses to trust violations and repair? (2) How do personality traits influence reactions? (3) What qualitative themes emerge in the dissolution of trust? Using a mixed-methods approach, participants engaged in a 1-hour simulated search-and-rescue mission with four autonomous agents. During the task, one agent committed two trust violations, followed by repair attempts …
Behave Yourself! Behavioral Indicators Of Trust In Human-Agent Teams, Kendall Carmody, Vivek Sharm, Arianna Addis, Daniel Nguyen, Cherrise Ficke, Amanda Thayer, Jessica Wildman, Meredith Carroll
Behave Yourself! Behavioral Indicators Of Trust In Human-Agent Teams, Kendall Carmody, Vivek Sharm, Arianna Addis, Daniel Nguyen, Cherrise Ficke, Amanda Thayer, Jessica Wildman, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
As advancements in artificial intelligence accelerate, there is a rise in the complexity and number of autonomous agents placed in human-agent teams (HATs). With this expansion, it is important to understand how trust in agent teammates evolves and is influenced by contextual events. In support of this, significant research has focused on the factors that influence human trust in an agent and elements that negatively impact this trust. In this research, human trust in agent teammates is typically measured via self-report surveys. Although a reliable format, surveys are not without limitations, as they can be disruptive and lack the temporal …
Advanced Air Mobility Human Factors Considerations For Current Evtol Pilot Interfaces, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Maria Chaparro Osman, Kendall Carmody, Meredith Carroll
Advanced Air Mobility Human Factors Considerations For Current Evtol Pilot Interfaces, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Maria Chaparro Osman, Kendall Carmody, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a novel transportation concept using electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft to move people and cargo in urban and rural environments. The emergence of AAM has led to a range of different eVTOL vehicle designs at different stages in development, flight testing, and certification. Although these aircraft will serve similar markets, they will have different operational capabilities and pilot interfaces. These aircraft vary in whether they are (a) multi-rotor and have tilt-rotor capabilities, or (b) winged with tilt-wing capabilities, vectored thrust, fans, or propellers. The pilot interfaces in eVTOL align with the concept of …
Human Factors Training Implications For Urban Air Mobility Operations, Kendall Carmody, Bhoomin Chauhan, Maureen Namukasa, Vivek Sharma, Gervaughn Berkel, Yarisse Adorno, Meredith Carroll
Human Factors Training Implications For Urban Air Mobility Operations, Kendall Carmody, Bhoomin Chauhan, Maureen Namukasa, Vivek Sharma, Gervaughn Berkel, Yarisse Adorno, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Advanced air mobility (AAM), of which urban air mobility (UAM) is a subset, signifies an exciting and advanced mode of air transportation that combines novel aircraft configurations with progressive levels of automation to offer convenient and efficient modes of air transportation (Mitchell et al., 2021). The design of these innovative aircraft will utilize advanced autonomous systems and are proposed to minimize pilot training requirements and scale operations (Mathur et al., 2019; Thipphavong, 2018). Further, the operational context of UAM will be characterized by low-altitude flights, single pilot operations, unique weather phenomena such as mechanical turbulence, and novel propulsion systems. Early …
Development Of Upset Recovery And Basic Aerobatic Courses For Collegiate Flight Training Programs, Warren P. Pittorie, Michaela C. Satter, Meredith Carroll
Development Of Upset Recovery And Basic Aerobatic Courses For Collegiate Flight Training Programs, Warren P. Pittorie, Michaela C. Satter, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Upset recovery and aerobatics are two topics in general aviation that are often overlooked by commercial pilots in training. This can be due to several different constraints, such as not having the time or resources to receive optional flight instruction, or the workload involved with locating a reputable school and qualified flight instructor. In addition, upset recovery and aerobatics training is not required to become a commercially rated pilot and start a career in the aviation industry. However, both topics, especially upset recovery, can increase a pilot’s awareness of the limitations of their own aircraft and increase their confidence when …
Key Constructs, Measures, And Considerations For Human Factors Researchers In The Advanced Air Mobility Domain, Maureen Namukasa, Meredith Carroll, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Vivek Sharma, Kendall Carmody, Donna Wilt
Key Constructs, Measures, And Considerations For Human Factors Researchers In The Advanced Air Mobility Domain, Maureen Namukasa, Meredith Carroll, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Vivek Sharma, Kendall Carmody, Donna Wilt
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The emergence of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) has seen the design of new electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft that will be utilized to serve the AAM market and associated use cases. Before operations commence, aircraft manufacturers must obtain a government-issued type certificate proving that the new aircraft meets prescribed safety levels. Human factors is an important aspect of AAM certification as the proposed designs have significant changes to how pilots will interact with the aircraft. Published certification standards create an opportunity for human factors researchers to generate meaningful ties between the research being conducted in their laboratories and …
Predicting Pilot-In-Training Success And Persistence In A United States University, Maria Chaparro Osman, Vivek Sharma, Cherrise Ficke, Rian Mehta, Brooke Wheeler, Meredith Carroll
Predicting Pilot-In-Training Success And Persistence In A United States University, Maria Chaparro Osman, Vivek Sharma, Cherrise Ficke, Rian Mehta, Brooke Wheeler, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Commercial pilot numbers have been on a decline since 2009, while in parallel, pilot demands continue to rise. In order to close the gap, airlines and companies need a steady stream of pilots-in-training who have successfully graduated. However, collegiate flight training programs have had issues with low retention and low success rates of pilots-in-training. The need to understand how to retain students within collegiate flight programs and increase success rates is vital to fill the gaps present within the aviation industry. Past studies have investigated predictive factors for pilots-in-training graduation persistence and the time it takes to graduate yielding similar …
Influencing Iot Device User Privacy Behaviors: An Empirical Study, Maria Chaparro Osman, Tricia Prior, Summer Rebensky, Andrew Nakushian, Meredith Carroll
Influencing Iot Device User Privacy Behaviors: An Empirical Study, Maria Chaparro Osman, Tricia Prior, Summer Rebensky, Andrew Nakushian, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is increasing in both volume and variety (Fagan, Megas, Scarfone, & Smith, 2019). Therefore, ensuring users take appropriate measures to protect their privacy is important to guarantee their safety expectations are met. Unfortunately, device users are generally unaware of how devices work and therefore how to properly set up their device’s privacy features (Olmstead & Smith, 2017). The present study evaluated two interventions designed to address these needs. First, in an attempt to increase access and understanding of the terms and conditions by users, a Terms and Conditions Guru was designed that …
Cfis’ Safety Behaviors At Flight Training Schools: Understanding The Effects Of Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy, Risk Perception, And Safety Climate, Vivek Sharma, Meredith Carroll
Cfis’ Safety Behaviors At Flight Training Schools: Understanding The Effects Of Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy, Risk Perception, And Safety Climate, Vivek Sharma, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
According to Aircraft Owners Pilot Association [2], approximately 63% of the accidents involving certified flight instructors (CFIs) occurred during advanced training, which involves low altitude operations, critical decision-making skills, and accurate judgement. Research in the past has demonstrated that pilots’ safety behaviors also predict their involvement in an accident or incident [6]. Many studies across various work domains have examined how factors such as personality traits, perceived risk, safety climate, and self-efficacy influence safety behaviors [1][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Studies have found that personality traits such as Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Openness, and Agreeableness were positively related to safety behaviors [3][7][11], whereas Neuroticism was negatively …
Factors Influencing Pilot Trust In Electronic Flight Bag Information, Warren Pittorie, Summer Rebensky, Leonia Hunt, Andrew Narkushian, Maria Chaparro, Meredith Carroll
Factors Influencing Pilot Trust In Electronic Flight Bag Information, Warren Pittorie, Summer Rebensky, Leonia Hunt, Andrew Narkushian, Maria Chaparro, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) are widely used by pilots in the commercial aviation industry. EFBs serve as replacements for some traditional sources of information, such as paper charts, manuals, and checklists, augmentation for flight-related information previously unavailable through older cockpit systems such as temporary flight restriction locations, and supplemental information such as a secondary display of traffic). By having access to this information, pilots are able to make more effective decisions in various situations. Related literature has shown that decision makers in situations of uncertainty are influenced by a range of factors such as experience, the level of risk in …
Human Factors Considerations For Urban Air Mobility, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Meredith Carroll
Human Factors Considerations For Urban Air Mobility, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Before urban air mobility (UAM) flights are safely integrated into the current airspace system, it is necessary to identify and address human factors issues associated with UAM. Various industry and academic institutions are currently exploring a range of different aspects of UAM, such as vehicle concepts, airspace integration, and ground infrastructure, all of which have human factors implications. These human factors issues, which will heavily influence how UAM operations will evolve with growth in demand and autonomous technology, are in need of research. Potential human factors issues include UAM pilot’s trust in automation, situational awareness, visual scanning, decision-making capabilities, as …
Personality Trends In The Pilot Population, Maria E. Chaparro, Meredith Carroll, Shem Malmquist
Personality Trends In The Pilot Population, Maria E. Chaparro, Meredith Carroll, Shem Malmquist
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Personality has been acknowledged since the 1970’s as an influencing factor in pilot performance and training outcomes (King, 2014; Bartram, 1995). Since the late 1940’s, pilot selection techniques have included personality related questions (Olson, Walker, & Phillips, 2009; Callister, King, Retzlaff, & Marsh, 1999; Dolgin & Gib, 1988; Fiske, 1947). Unfortunately, despite the large number of different personality indexes used within this line of research, there has not been an aggregation of all aviation studies examining pilot personality and its impact on performance and success. In the current effort, a literature review was conducted to identify research that examined pilot …
Recommended Training Practices To Prepare Pilots To Cope With Information Conflicts, Meredith Carroll, Paige Sanchez, Donna Wilt
Recommended Training Practices To Prepare Pilots To Cope With Information Conflicts, Meredith Carroll, Paige Sanchez, Donna Wilt
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
As the next generation of flight deck information systems are being utilized on the flight deck, pilots now have greater amounts of information at their fingertips. Information that was typically available only from certified information sources in aircraft panels, is now being provided by a range of sources, both within the panel and on Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs). Although redundant sources of information provide pilots a means by which to crosscheck and hone in on ground truth, they also introduce the potential for pilots encountering conflicting information. As conflicting information can have negative effects on decision making, there is a …
Pilot Selection Research Gaps: What We Do And Don't Know About "The Right Stuff", Thomas C. Scott, Meredith Carroll
Pilot Selection Research Gaps: What We Do And Don't Know About "The Right Stuff", Thomas C. Scott, Meredith Carroll
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Ever since the commencement of high-powered flight, pilot selection has been a crucial process within military, general, and commercial aviation. Through effective pilot selection, individuals with the necessary aptitudes, or "the right stuff" to get through a training program and successfully perform the job, can be chosen. There is a range of different aptitudes that have been shown through research to correlate with effective pilot performance. However, there is currently not a comprehensive understanding of the aptitudes, including both cognitive abilities and psychological attributes, necessary not only for effective pilot performance but also for a successful career as an aviator. …
Examination Of The Impact Of Various Training Approaches On Different Uas Operator Populations, Summer Rebensky, Meredith Carroll, Maria Chaparro
Examination Of The Impact Of Various Training Approaches On Different Uas Operator Populations, Summer Rebensky, Meredith Carroll, Maria Chaparro
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
In recent years, the UAS industry has extended beyond military and recreational use and is now positioned to become a major portion of the aviation industry. As we move toward UAS integration into the national airspace system, UAS operators need effective training to ensure safe operation. Training UAS operators in an engaging way is important to ensure the best performance and transfer of training. Training methods that elicit high levels of learner engagement have been shown to improve knowledge gains, performance, and therefore such training techniques provide an opportunity for improving UAS training effectiveness and transfer. The growth of the …
Examining Pilot Response To Cybersecurity Events On The Flight Deck, Meredith Carroll, Summer Rebensky, Paige Sanchez
Examining Pilot Response To Cybersecurity Events On The Flight Deck, Meredith Carroll, Summer Rebensky, Paige Sanchez
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Cybersecurity is a growing concern in the aviation industry. In general, cybersecurity research has typically focused on providing technical solutions such as hardening networks and improving computer systems, with little focus on the human operator. Human operators, such as pilots, are often the last line of defense; however, it is currently unclear whether pilots can recognize cybersecurity vulnerabilities, detect when a system is being compromised, and respond appropriately to a cybersecurity event. A review of literature revealed three key stages in cybersecurity response decision process (susceptibility, detection, and response) that are influenced by eight separate factors (perceived susceptibility, perceived safeguard …
Automatic Detection Of Learner Engagement Using Machine Learning And Wearable Sensors, Meredith Carroll, Mitchell Ruble, Mark Dranias, Summer Rebensky, Maria Chaparro, Joanna Chiang, Brent Winslow
Automatic Detection Of Learner Engagement Using Machine Learning And Wearable Sensors, Meredith Carroll, Mitchell Ruble, Mark Dranias, Summer Rebensky, Maria Chaparro, Joanna Chiang, Brent Winslow
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Training can now be delivered on a large scale through mobile and web-based platforms in which the learner is often distanced from the instructor and their peers. In order to optimize learner engagement and maximize learning in these contexts, instructional content and strategies must be engaging. Key to the de-velopment and study of such content and strategies, and adaptation of instruc-tional techniques when learners become disengaged, is the ability to objec-tively assess engagement in real-time. Previous self-reported metrics, or expen-sive EEG-based engagement measures are not appropriate for large-scale plat-forms due to their complexity and cost. Here we describe the development …
Examining Pilot Decision Making In Information-Rich Cockpits, Meredith Carroll, Donna Forsyth Wilt, Paige Sanchez, Deborah Carstens
Examining Pilot Decision Making In Information-Rich Cockpits, Meredith Carroll, Donna Forsyth Wilt, Paige Sanchez, Deborah Carstens
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Pilots are faced with making decisions based on a range of different information sources. One challenge pilots often face is the presentation of conflicting information between sources. This effort examined pilot decision making with conflicting information by conducting structured interviews with 13 pilots, including seven airline, three corporate, and three GA pilots. Pilots were asked questions regarding their experience with conflicting sources of weather, traffic, and navigation information on the flight deck or cockpit. Further, they were asked to describe how they responded to the information conflict, including which source they trusted, which source they ultimately acted on, and why …
Examination Of The Impact Of Condensed Biofeedback Training On Acute Stress Responses, Meredith Carroll, Brent Winslow
Examination Of The Impact Of Condensed Biofeedback Training On Acute Stress Responses, Meredith Carroll, Brent Winslow
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a condensed 90 minute Biofeedback Training (BFT) method on stress response and decision making performance under stress. Forty one novice male participants received either BFT training, which incorporated diaphragmatic breathing with Stress Inoculation Training (SIT), or a control training task. Participants completed pre- and post-training assessments which incorporated a socio evaluative stress induction method followed immediately by performance of a simulation- based decision making under stress scenario. Stress was assessed using real-time physiological measures of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) response and cortisol measures of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis …
An Examination Of Virtual Environment Training Fidelity On Training Effectiveness, Roberto K. Champney, Kay M. Stanney, Laura Milham, Meredith Carroll, John V. Cohn
An Examination Of Virtual Environment Training Fidelity On Training Effectiveness, Roberto K. Champney, Kay M. Stanney, Laura Milham, Meredith Carroll, John V. Cohn
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Live training is a vital component of military training. Unfortunately it can be expensive, resource intensive, of limited accessibility or impossible to achieve due to the risks involved. Virtual environment (VEs) training environments can provide trainees with opportunities to practice key skills and work out performance issues in a more cost effective environment, which may lead to more efficient use of live training time. The current study explored this premise by conducting a transfer of training study that examined the question of whether pre-training in low and/or high fidelity VEs can lead to time savings and improved performance in live …
Creating A Short Scale For In-Flight Experience Quality, Rian Mehta, Stephen Rice
Creating A Short Scale For In-Flight Experience Quality, Rian Mehta, Stephen Rice
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Customer service and satisfaction is of great importance to aviation industry as it has an economic impact on the airlines. Customer’s in-flight experience, is tied into their satisfaction with that airline, and in turn has become an area of competition between airlines. This study seeks to develop a statistically valid and reliable scale to empirically measure the quality of the in-flight experience that a passenger would witness on a commercial airline flight within the United States. Actual consumers from the general public were used for each of the five stages of the process, along with input from aviation experts, to …
Previous Mental Illness Diagnoses Predict Perceptions Of Current Mental Illness: A Cultural And Gender Differences Analysis Of The United States And India, Kimberly N. Hunter, Stephen Rice, Keegan Kraemer, Korhan Oyman
Previous Mental Illness Diagnoses Predict Perceptions Of Current Mental Illness: A Cultural And Gender Differences Analysis Of The United States And India, Kimberly N. Hunter, Stephen Rice, Keegan Kraemer, Korhan Oyman
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The disparities in mental health care around the world have led to differences in the way mental illness is treated, diagnosed, and stigmatized. The studies conducted revealed in this article investigated differences between the United States and India in terms of their willingness to agree with a possible mental illness diagnosis. Each study was conducted online using FluidSurveys®. Participants were recruited via Amazon's® Mechanical Turk® (MTurk), which is a website that provides access to an online, highly diverse participant pool. For Study 1, we hypothesized that there would be significant differences in agreement rates between the two countries and that …
Evaluation Of An Eye Tracking-Based Assessment And Debrief Tool For Training Next Generation Multirole Tactical Aviation Skills, Meredith Carroll, Glenn Surpris, Greg Sidor, Winston Bennett Jr.
Evaluation Of An Eye Tracking-Based Assessment And Debrief Tool For Training Next Generation Multirole Tactical Aviation Skills, Meredith Carroll, Glenn Surpris, Greg Sidor, Winston Bennett Jr.
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
As tactical aircraft become increasingly complex, pilots’ cognitive resources will become increasingly strained, especially as more critical and multifaceted information is presented on Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs). Therefore, it is critical to ensure training results in pilots learning optimal strategies for operating in this information-rich environment, including appropriate attention allocation between different dynamic, adjustable displays and efficient scan strategies. To achieve this, a performance assessment and debrief system was developed that incorporates eye tracking technology into an HMD-enabled multirole fighter simulation to capture and process gaze data to aid in diagnosing why a pilot error occurred. The system utilizes eye …
Probability Distributions And Threshold Selection For Monte Carlo–Type Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Forecasts, Steven M. Lazarus, Michael E. Splitt, Sarah Collins, Denis N. Botambekov, William P. Roeder
Probability Distributions And Threshold Selection For Monte Carlo–Type Tropical Cyclone Wind Speed Forecasts, Steven M. Lazarus, Michael E. Splitt, Sarah Collins, Denis N. Botambekov, William P. Roeder
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
Probabilistic wind speed forecasts for tropical cyclones from Monte Carlo–type simulations are assessed within a theoretical framework for a simple unbiased Gaussian system that is based on feature size and location error that mimic tropical cyclone wind fields. Aspects of the wind speed probability data distribution, including maximumexpected probability and forecast skill, are assessed. Wind speed probability distributions are shown to be well approximated by a bounded power-law distribution when the feature size is smaller than the location error and tends toward a U-shaped distribution as the location error becomes small. Forecast skill (i.e., true and Heidke skill scores) is …
Evaluation Of The Human Impact Of Password Authentication Practices On Information Security, Deborah Sater Carstens, Pamela R. Mccauley-Bell, Linda C. Malone, Ronald F. Demara
Evaluation Of The Human Impact Of Password Authentication Practices On Information Security, Deborah Sater Carstens, Pamela R. Mccauley-Bell, Linda C. Malone, Ronald F. Demara
Aeronautics Faculty Publications
The research objective was to develop a model for evaluating the human impact that password authentication issues are having on the security of information systems. Through distributing a survey and conducting an experiment, researchers created a model for predicting the vulnerability that a particular set of conditions will have on the likelihood of error in an information system. The survey consisted of over 250 respondents. The experiment consisted of 30 subjects and the analysis utilized a χ2 goodness of fit test. The findings indicate that human error associated with password authentication can be significantly reduced through the use of passwords …