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Articles 1 - 19 of 19

Full-Text Articles in Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Slender And Nonslender Delta Wing Simulation And Analysis, Aashish Gyawali, Brinda Bhattarai, Nishesh Bista, Sundeep Rao Dr Mar 2026

Slender And Nonslender Delta Wing Simulation And Analysis, Aashish Gyawali, Brinda Bhattarai, Nishesh Bista, Sundeep Rao Dr

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Stability, controllability, and maneuverability are critical factors for aircraft with short takeoff and landing distances, such as modern fighter aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles. Delta wings are commonly employed in these aircraft due to their efficient aerodynamics, enabling high maneuverability, and performance at both low and high speeds. Nonslender wings are used for low-speed performance and agility, while slender wings offer reduced drag and are suited for high-speed operations. In flight, an aircraft encounters different airflow patterns including vortices that circulate from the higher-pressure lower side of the wing to the lower-pressure upper side, contributing to lift generation. However, as …


The Problem Of Reducing The Wave Resistance Of Blunt Bodies At Supersonic And Hypersonic Velocities, Oleksandr M. Shyiko, Olexii A. Оbukhov Jan 2025

The Problem Of Reducing The Wave Resistance Of Blunt Bodies At Supersonic And Hypersonic Velocities, Oleksandr M. Shyiko, Olexii A. Оbukhov

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

A new method for reducing the aerodynamic wave drag of blunt bodies in supersonic and hypersonic flows is considered. The method is based on the destruction of the detached head shock wave by placing a family of thin needle elements of a cone-shaped or cylindrical type on the blunt surface. This qualitatively changes the gas-dynamic flow pattern and leads to a new positive quantitative effect. The bow shock wave breaks up into a series of local interacting shock waves of lower intensity, which leads to a decrease in the wave drag of the streamlined body. Variants of hemispherical blunting of …


Computational Fluid Dynamics Visualization For Unmanned Aerial Systems In Bridge Inspections, Kristoffer B. Borgen, John Mott Jul 2024

Computational Fluid Dynamics Visualization For Unmanned Aerial Systems In Bridge Inspections, Kristoffer B. Borgen, John Mott

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Bridge inspections are an expensive and time-consuming process, varying significantly with a bridge’s style, height, width, and length. Inspections create interruptions that interfere with bridge use, as the examination requires partial or total closure, causing traffic delays. Unmanned aerial system (UAS) use has increased significantly over the past decade, including assistance and coordination during bridge inspections. However, the impact on a UAS from high winds and turbulent airflows induced by a bridge’s structure can decrease flight safety during inspections. Visualization of these hazards is difficult for UAS operators; therefore, a process to estimate the velocity and locations of these hazardous …


A New Empirical Law For The Prediction Of The Zero-Lift Pitching Moment Coefficient Of Swept And Tapered Wings, Mondher Yahyaoui Sep 2023

A New Empirical Law For The Prediction Of The Zero-Lift Pitching Moment Coefficient Of Swept And Tapered Wings, Mondher Yahyaoui

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

A new empirical law for the prediction of the zero-lift pitching moment coefficient of trapezoidal wings with linear twist and constant taper and sweep in subsonic flow is introduced. This law is quite general in that it does not rely on the use of charts and spans the normal range of values of taper ratio, aspect ratio, and sweep for subsonic aircraft. It does not, however, accommodate different airfoils along the wingspan and only positive sweep has been considered. The empirical law was first derived for the incompressible regime and then an additional empirical law for the compressibility effect has …


An Analysis Of Aerodynamic Design Issues Of Box-Wing Aircraft, Paul Jemitola, Paul Okonkwo Sep 2023

An Analysis Of Aerodynamic Design Issues Of Box-Wing Aircraft, Paul Jemitola, Paul Okonkwo

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The potential of the joined/box-wing aircraft as an environmentally friendly airliner that is capable of meeting current and future emission thresholds led to the investigation of this concept. This study reviews the evolution and current trends in the aerodynamic design of the box-wing aircraft with specific emphasis on box-wing theory, airfoil characteristics, and aerodynamic issues of the box-wing aircraft. The study was undertaken to highlight the distinct features of the box-wing configuration which make it very attractive for future airliners. The study reveals that the box-wing aircraft possesses a significant aerodynamic advantage over conventional aircraft. The box-wing aircraft configuration is …


Airplane Pitch Response To Rapid Configuration Change: Flight Test And Safety Assessment, Ralph Kimberlin, Markus Wilde, Brian Kish, Isaac Silver Apr 2021

Airplane Pitch Response To Rapid Configuration Change: Flight Test And Safety Assessment, Ralph Kimberlin, Markus Wilde, Brian Kish, Isaac Silver

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This paper examines airplane response to rapid flap extension on seven general aviation airplanes. The scenario involves a pilot flying in the traffic pattern becoming distracted, abruptly extending flaps while looking outside the airplane, and failing to notice airspeed and pitch-attitude changes. The airplanes tested reached pitch forces of up to 36 lbf, meeting FAA requirements but exceeding the capability of 55% of the population. Flight data showed a pitch-up to more than 30˚ in 5 s after flap extension, causing airspeed to drop below stall speed for four of the airplanes. At traffic pattern altitudes, stalling an airplane can …


Design Of Selectively Compliant Morphing Wind Turbine Blade Section Using Bistable Laminate For Passive Load Alleviation, Abhishek Chopra, Dr. Andres Arrieta, Janav Udani, Jose Rivas Padilla Aug 2018

Design Of Selectively Compliant Morphing Wind Turbine Blade Section Using Bistable Laminate For Passive Load Alleviation, Abhishek Chopra, Dr. Andres Arrieta, Janav Udani, Jose Rivas Padilla

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The design of passively controlled compliant morphing structures for large scale wind turbine blades has been of interest due to the inherent advantages of lower mass and reduced complexity over their active counterparts. Previous studies have indicated that embedding a locally bi-stable element within the turbine blade section successfully allows for achieving passive load alleviation. The embedded bi-stable member switches from one stable state to another at a critical aerodynamic load. This local structural change results in a global shift in the aeroelastic response of the blade section. Building on these preliminary results, this research investigates a two- dimensional wind …


Flow Measurement Using Electron Beam Flourescence, Richard Brookes, Andrew Strongrich, Anthony G Cofer, Alina Alexeenko Aug 2018

Flow Measurement Using Electron Beam Flourescence, Richard Brookes, Andrew Strongrich, Anthony G Cofer, Alina Alexeenko

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Low density, high-speed flows are of interest to many research areas including, spacecraft thrusters, hypersonic vehicle control, and atmospheric re-entry studies. Measurement of low-density gas flows by traditional methods such as Schlieren Photography or Particle Image Velocimetry is often not possible. In order to yield new information about gas behavior at low densities the technique of electron beam fluorescence is being re-evaluated. By recreating previous electron beam fluorescence setups used to measure density, the experiment operating parameters including beam strength and density ranges are assessed and a foundation can be built for further experimentation. Comparing intensity plots of imaged flows …


Design And Validation Of Pressure Based Flow Rate Soft Sensor For Freeze-Drying, Pasita Pibulchinda, Tong Zhu, Vaibhav Kshirsagar, Alina A. Alexeenko Aug 2017

Design And Validation Of Pressure Based Flow Rate Soft Sensor For Freeze-Drying, Pasita Pibulchinda, Tong Zhu, Vaibhav Kshirsagar, Alina A. Alexeenko

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Lyophilization or freeze drying is a process of removing water by sublimation. It is commonly used to extend the shelf life of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Because the process is costly and time consuming, precise and efficient pressure, temperature control and drying time estimation are required. It is the goal of freeze-drying to run at maximum capacity while staying within the safe zone by carefully controlling the sublimation rate. Currently, real time estimation of sublimation rate is still challenging. The technique available called Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is invasive, and requires major modifications. The current study focuses …


Estimation Of Performance Airspeeds For High-Bypass Turbofans Equipped Transport-Category Airplanes, Nihad E. Daidzic Jun 2016

Estimation Of Performance Airspeeds For High-Bypass Turbofans Equipped Transport-Category Airplanes, Nihad E. Daidzic

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Conventional Mach-independent subsonic drag polar does not replicate the real airplane drag characteristics exactly and especially not in the drag-divergence region due to shock-induced transonic wave drag. High-bypass turbofan thrust is a complicated function of many parameters that eludes accurate predictions for the entire operating envelope and must be experimentally verified. Fuel laws are also complicated functions of many parameters which make optimization and economic analysis difficult and uncertain in the conceptual design phase. Nevertheless, mathematical models and predictions have its important place in aircraft development, design, and optimization. In this work, airspeed-dependent turbofan thrust and the new fuel-law model …


Dsmc Simulation Of Microstructure Actuation By Knudsen Thermal Force, Aaron Pikus, Israel Sebastiao, Andrew Strongrich, Alina Alexeenko Aug 2015

Dsmc Simulation Of Microstructure Actuation By Knudsen Thermal Force, Aaron Pikus, Israel Sebastiao, Andrew Strongrich, Alina Alexeenko

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

In many industrial and research applications there is a need for vacuum sensors with higher accuracy and spatial resolution than what is currently available. Examples of target applications include high-altitude platforms, satellites and in-vacuum manufacturing processes such as freeze-drying of food and pharmaceuticals. In this connection, a novel pressure sensor, named Microelectromechanical In-plane Knudsen Radiometric Actuator (MIKRA), has been developed by at Purdue University. MIKRA is based on Knudsen thermal forces generated by rarefied flow driven by thermal gradients within the microstructure Thus, the goal of this work is to model the rarefied gas flow in the MIKRA sensor under …


High Pressure Combustion And Supersonic Jet Ignition For H2/Air, Michael G. Woodworth, Sayan Biswas, Li Qiao Aug 2015

High Pressure Combustion And Supersonic Jet Ignition For H2/Air, Michael G. Woodworth, Sayan Biswas, Li Qiao

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

There are many incentives to increase the fuel efficiency of combustion processes. This paper looks at two available options to achieve this goal. The former aims to develop an experimental method that can analyze combustion at extremely high pressures to improve the understanding of high pressure H2/air combustion. Experimental data has been lacking a suitable combustion diagnostic to visualize high pressure combustion processes, making it difficult to improve the process. Improvement of x-ray diffraction tomography in a windowless combustor makes it possible to see flame propagation at high pressure. The procedure and chamber are still in the design phase, yet …


Characterization Of Sprays From Dual Impinging Jets On A Splash Plate, Christopher Vodney, Stephen Heister, Brandon Kan, David Stechmann Aug 2015

Characterization Of Sprays From Dual Impinging Jets On A Splash Plate, Christopher Vodney, Stephen Heister, Brandon Kan, David Stechmann

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The use of splash plates and dual impinging liquid jets are common methods for fuel atomization, but the combination of these methods has not been explored. The goal of this experiment is to analyze how splash plate position and orientation affect the spray geometry for this combined method. The spray patterns are observed for a single jet against a splash plate and two orientations of dual impinging jets against a splash plate. For all three cases, the spray patterns are analyzed for various splash plate angles between 30 and 60 degrees relative to the jet centerline. For the dual impinging …


A Contribution Toward Better Understanding Of Overbanking Tendency In Fixed-Wing Aircraft, Nihad E. Daidzic Feb 2015

A Contribution Toward Better Understanding Of Overbanking Tendency In Fixed-Wing Aircraft, Nihad E. Daidzic

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The phenomenon of overbanking tendency for a rigid-body, fixed-wing aircraft is investigated. Overbanking tendency is defined as a spontaneous, unbalanced rolling moment that keeps increasing an airplane’s bank angle in steep turns and must be arrested by opposite aileron action. As stated by the Federal Aviation Administration, the overbanking tendency may lead to a loss of control, especially in instrument meteorological conditions. It was found in this study that the speed differential over wing halves in horizontal turns indeed creates a rolling moment that achieves maximum values for bank angles between 45 and 55 degrees. However, this induced rolling moment …


Crossflow Instability And Transition On A Circular Cone At Angle Of Attack In A Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel, Christopher A. C Ward Oct 2014

Crossflow Instability And Transition On A Circular Cone At Angle Of Attack In A Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel, Christopher A. C Ward

Open Access Dissertations

To investigate the effect of roughness on the stationary crossflow vortices, roughness elements 2 inches from the nosetip were created in a Torlon insert section of a 7-deg half-angle cone at 6-deg angle of attack in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel. Roughness elements with depths and diameters on the order of 500 microns were found to have a significant effect on the generation of the stationary vortices and the location of crossflow-induced transition under quiet flow. Crossflow-induced transition was measured under fully quiet flow. The controlled roughness elements also appeared to dominate the generation of the vortices, overwhelming the effect …


Noise Source Analysis For Simulated Turbulent Jets, Robert W. Skidmore, Nitin S Dhamankar, Kurt M. Aikens, Gregory Blaisdell Aug 2014

Noise Source Analysis For Simulated Turbulent Jets, Robert W. Skidmore, Nitin S Dhamankar, Kurt M. Aikens, Gregory Blaisdell

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is an efficient computational approach to study turbulent flows and has seen increasing application to the study of jet noise. The main challenge of LES has been the realistic simulation of experiments at reasonable cost. Recent LES studies have been realistic enough to gain important insight into jet noise from the large amount of data generated. This study attempts to characterize the sources of noise from a turbulent jet via analysis of the LES results. Three different analysis tools are implemented. The first two are comparable to analyses used on experimental data: two-point cross-correlations between far-field …


Microthruster Fabrication And Characterization: In Search Of The Optimal Nozzle Geometry For Microscale Rocket Engines, Katherine L. Fowee, Alina Alexeenko Aug 2014

Microthruster Fabrication And Characterization: In Search Of The Optimal Nozzle Geometry For Microscale Rocket Engines, Katherine L. Fowee, Alina Alexeenko

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

A major consideration in microsatellite design is the engineering of micropropulsion systems that can deliver the required thrust efficiently with tight restrictions on space, weight, and power. Cold gas thrusters are one solution to the demand for smaller propulsion systems to accommodate the advancements in technology that have allowed for a reduction in the size and thus the cost of satellites. While much research has been done in understanding the flow regimes within these microthrusters, there is a need to understand how different nozzle designs affect microthruster performance. This requires that experimental data be collected on varying nozzles shapes (orifices, …


Advanced Visualization Techniques Of Hot-Jet Combustion Of Lean And Ultra-Lean Substances, Timothy I. Machin, Li Qiao Oct 2013

Advanced Visualization Techniques Of Hot-Jet Combustion Of Lean And Ultra-Lean Substances, Timothy I. Machin, Li Qiao

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Research has been conducted on ignition of natural gas as a potential replacement for fossil fuels. A reason natural gas is not widely used and adapted is because of the harmful emissions created when combusted in rich mixtures, but if the gas can be burned at a lean or ultra-lean equivalence ratio, these emissions can be reduced or even eliminated. One method of burning lean and ultra-lean substances is by use of hot-jet ignition. This method ignites the substance near its combustion temperature, reducing the harmful emissions. This method is not yet fully understood, and so research must be done …


High-Order Shock Capturing For Computational Aeroacoustics, Samuel Otto, Gregory Blaisdell Oct 2013

High-Order Shock Capturing For Computational Aeroacoustics, Samuel Otto, Gregory Blaisdell

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Jet noise is not only an annoyance to passengers and communities near airports, it is a major contributor to hearing loss in veterans who served on aircraft carriers, as well as a significant limiting factor for the growth of commercial airlines. High-fidelity large eddy simulation (LES) is an important tool for analyzing and predicting jet noise; however the utilized non-dissipative high order finite difference schemes produce instabilities at shock waves. Schemes for capturing shock waves, however, are more dissipative and do a poor job preserving turbulent structures and acoustic waves. To maximize the strengths of both approaches, hybrid methods utilize …