Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Space Vehicles (30)
- Astrodynamics (19)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (16)
- Propulsion and Power (12)
- Systems Engineering and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (9)
-
- Navigation, Guidance, Control and Dynamics (7)
- Physics (7)
- Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering (4)
- Other Aerospace Engineering (4)
- Computer Sciences (3)
- Materials Science and Engineering (3)
- Plasma and Beam Physics (3)
- Statistics and Probability (3)
- Survival Analysis (3)
- Aeronautical Vehicles (2)
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (2)
- Defense and Security Studies (2)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (2)
- Risk Analysis (2)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (2)
- Structures and Materials (2)
- Chemical Engineering (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Controls and Control Theory (1)
- Cybersecurity (1)
- Data Science (1)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (1)
- Engineering Mechanics (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication Type
Articles 61 - 90 of 115
Full-Text Articles in Aerospace Engineering
Comparison Of Novel Heuristic And Integer Programming Schedulers For The Usaf Space Surveillance Network, Kanit Dararutana
Comparison Of Novel Heuristic And Integer Programming Schedulers For The Usaf Space Surveillance Network, Kanit Dararutana
Theses and Dissertations
Space is a highly congested and contested domain begetting the importance of prioritizing the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) mission. With increased dependence on space assets, scheduling and tasking of the Space Surveillance Network (SSN) is vitally important to maintaining space dominance. According to the 2004 USSTRATCOM Strategic Directive 505-1 (SD 505-1) the SSN uses centralized tasking, with decentralized scheduling. Enhancing SSA within available resources is paramount, and the development of a centralized SSN scheduler to maximize performance is crucial. This research develops and compares novel scheduling models to a model reflecting the 2004 SD 505-1. Novel schedulers were developed to …
Sheet Velocity Measurements Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy In A Xenon Hall Effect Thruster Plume, Avery W. Leonard
Sheet Velocity Measurements Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy In A Xenon Hall Effect Thruster Plume, Avery W. Leonard
Theses and Dissertations
A new laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) velocimetry system, designed to obtain 2D planar velocity fields for ionized Xenon in the plume of a Hall effect thruster by probing the transition of Xe II at 834.72 nm, was implemented at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) Space Propulsion Analysis and System Simulator (SPASS) Lab vacuum chamber. A single horizontal laser sheet was used to probe singly-ionized Xenon in the plume of a Busek BHT-600 Hall thruster and obtain a histogram of estimated axial velocity, to validate the system. Similar velocities to those obtained by an earlier intrusive characterization of the …
Comprehensive Study Of Study Of Optimal Synergetic Skip Entries With Dynamic Thrust Vectoring Control, Jeremiah M. Webb
Comprehensive Study Of Study Of Optimal Synergetic Skip Entries With Dynamic Thrust Vectoring Control, Jeremiah M. Webb
Theses and Dissertations
The atmospheric skip entry has been studied since London's presentation in 1962 describing a more fuel efficient means of altering the orbital inclination of satellites. Since London, research over the decades since has traversed many aspects of this field with varying degrees of success. The present research employs the use of modern optimal control software, complex dynamics with minor simplifications, and thrust vectoring to re-approach the aerocruise atmospheric skip entry. Using the aerodynamics of the X-34, the aerocruise problem is first compared to the un-powered aeroglide where it is shown that the aerocruise is capable of increasing the inclination change …
A Mixed Integer Programming Framework For The Fuel Optimal Guidance Of Complex Spacecraft Rendezvous And Proximity Operation Missions, Andrew S. Levalley
A Mixed Integer Programming Framework For The Fuel Optimal Guidance Of Complex Spacecraft Rendezvous And Proximity Operation Missions, Andrew S. Levalley
Theses and Dissertations
Space is a contested, congested, and competitive environment where space situational awareness (SSA) is a key factor in the long term sustainability of space as a national interest. Space-based SSA conducted by inspector satellites is critical to the detecting, tracking, and attribution of actions in space. Thus, space-based fuel-optimal maneuvers are essential to increasing mission life and improving the capability of inspector satellites working to characterize resident space objects (RSOs) in geosynchronous orbit (GEO). Additionally, on-orbit inspection missions can be characterized by multiple waypoint visits where an inspector is accomplishing a set of proximity operation mission objectives through the visit …
Optimal And Robust Neural Network Controllers For Proximal Spacecraft Maneuvers, Brandon Cole George
Optimal And Robust Neural Network Controllers For Proximal Spacecraft Maneuvers, Brandon Cole George
Theses and Dissertations
Recent successes in machine learning research, buoyed by advances in computational power, have revitalized interest in neural networks and demonstrated their potential in solving complex controls problems. In this research, the reinforcement learning framework is combined with traditional direct shooting methods to generate optimal proximal spacecraft maneuvers. Open-loop and closed-loop feedback controllers, parameterized by multi-layer feed-forward artificial neural networks, are developed with evolutionary and gradient-based optimization algorithms. Utilizing Clohessy- Wiltshire relative motion dynamics, terminally constrained fixed-time, fuel-optimal trajectories are solved for intercept, rendezvous, and natural motion circumnavigation transfer maneuvers using three different thrust models: impulsive, finite, and continuous. In addition …
Characterization And Anomalous Diffusion Analysis Of A 100w Low Power Annular Hall Effect Thruster, Megan N. Maikell
Characterization And Anomalous Diffusion Analysis Of A 100w Low Power Annular Hall Effect Thruster, Megan N. Maikell
Theses and Dissertations
A Busek 100W low-power annular Hall effect thruster was characterized to determine the thruster’s best operating parameter range and to study plasma oscillations within the thruster. These experiments were conducted using xenon gas in the Space Propulsion Analysis and System Simulator chamber at the Air Force Institute of Technology on Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. The thruster’s performance characteristics were evaluated at nominal discharge voltages and constant total mass flow rate, solenoid current, and keeper current to determine the operating conditions optimizing divergence angle, beam efficiency, and discharge loss. This was accomplished using a Faraday probe to determine the plume’s current …
Control Strategies For Multi-Evaporator Vapor Compression Cycles, Sunderlin D. Jackson
Control Strategies For Multi-Evaporator Vapor Compression Cycles, Sunderlin D. Jackson
Theses and Dissertations
Next-generation military aircraft must be able to handle highly transient thermal loads that exceed the ability of current aircraft thermal subsystems. Vapor compression cycle systems are a particular refrigeration technology that is an attractive solution for dealing with this challenge, due primarily to their high efficiency. However, there are several barriers to realizing the benefits of vapor cycles systems for controlling thermal loads in military aircraft. This thesis focuses on addressing the challenge of controlling vapor cycles in the presence of highly transient evaporator heat loads. Specifically, a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is designed for a simple vapor cycle system, …
Computational Aerothermodynamic Analysis Of Satellite Trans-Atmospheric Skip Entry Survivability, John J. Runco
Computational Aerothermodynamic Analysis Of Satellite Trans-Atmospheric Skip Entry Survivability, John J. Runco
Theses and Dissertations
Computational aerothermodynamic analysis is presented for a spacecraft in low Earth orbit performing an atmospheric skip entry maneuver. Typically, atmospheric reentry is a terminal operation signaling mission end-of-life and, in some instances, executed for spacecraft disposal. A variation on reentry – skip entry – is an aeroassisted trans-atmospheric maneuver in which a spacecraft utilizes the effects of aerodynamic drag in order to reduce energy prior to a terminal entry, pinpoint a targeted entry, or change orbital elements such as inclination. Spacecraft performing a skip entry enable new modes of maneuver to enhance operations in nominal or possibly contested mission environments. …
Search-Based Vs. Task-Based Space Surveillance For Ground-Based Telescopes, Fred D. Hertwig
Search-Based Vs. Task-Based Space Surveillance For Ground-Based Telescopes, Fred D. Hertwig
Theses and Dissertations
Persistent Space Situational Awareness (SSA) is one of the top priorities of the DoD. Currently the Space Surveillance Network (SSN) operates using only a task-based method. The goal of this thesis was to compare the current task-based space surveillance performance to a search-based method of space surveillance in the GEO belt region. The performance of a ground telescope network, similar to the Ground-Based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance (GEODSS) network, was modeled and simulated using AGI’s Systems Tool Kit (STK) and Python. The model compared search-based and task-based space surveillance methods by simulating 813 Resident Space Objects (RSOs) on the summer …
Application Of Metamaterials For Multifunctional Satellite Bus Enabled Via Additive Manufacturing, Michael A. Macchia
Application Of Metamaterials For Multifunctional Satellite Bus Enabled Via Additive Manufacturing, Michael A. Macchia
Theses and Dissertations
Space systems require materials with superior stiffness to weight ratios to provide structural integrity while minimizing mass. Additive manufacturing processes enable the design of metamaterials that exceed the performance of naturally occurring materials in addition to allowing the integration of non-structural functions. This research explored the use of a high stiffness, high density, small melt pool track width AM material, Inconel 718, to enable the production of metamaterials with finer features possible than can possibly be created using a lower density aluminum alloy material. Various metamaterials were designed utilizing thin wall triply periodic minimal surface infilled sandwich structures. The performance …
Carbon Nanotube Fibers: Mechanical Behavior And The Effects Of The Space Environment, Ryan A. Kemnitz
Carbon Nanotube Fibers: Mechanical Behavior And The Effects Of The Space Environment, Ryan A. Kemnitz
Theses and Dissertations
Carbon nanotube materials are promising multifunctional materials for incorporation into aerospace structures because of their high tensile strength, high electrical conductivity, and low density. This research aimed to characterize the mechanical failure mechanisms of carbon nanotube fibers and examine the effects of the space environment on their material properties. Tensile tests were conducted at varying strain rates and on fibers of varying gage lengths to examine the underlying molecular failure mechanisms and impact of defects on fiber strength. Tensile strength and elastic modulus were observed to increase with increasing strain rate and decrease with increasing gage lengths. The observed effects …
Optimal Finite Thrust Guidance Methods For Constrained Satellite Proximity Operations Inspection Maneuvers, Eric R. Prince
Optimal Finite Thrust Guidance Methods For Constrained Satellite Proximity Operations Inspection Maneuvers, Eric R. Prince
Theses and Dissertations
Algorithms are developed to find optimal guidance for an inspector satellite operating nearby a resident space object (RSO). For a non-maneuvering RSO, methods are first developed for a satellite subject to maximum slew rates to conduct an initial inspection of an RSO, where the control variables include the throttle level and direction of the thrust. Second, methods are developed to optimally maneuver a satellite with on/off thrusters into a natural motion circumnavigation or teardrop trajectory, subject to lighting and collision constraints. It is shown that for on/off thrusters, a control sequence can be parameterized to a relatively small amount of …
Satellite Articulation Sensing Using Computer Vision, David H. Curtis
Satellite Articulation Sensing Using Computer Vision, David H. Curtis
Theses and Dissertations
Autonomous on-orbit satellite servicing benefits from an inspector satellite that can gain as much information as possible about the primary satellite. This includes performance of articulated objects such as solar arrays, antennas, and sensors. A method for building an articulated model from monocular imagery using tracked feature points and the known relative inspection route is developed. Two methods are also developed for tracking the articulation of a satellite in real-time given an articulated model using both tracked feature points and image silhouettes. Performance is evaluated for multiple inspection routes and the effect of inspection route noise is assessed. Additionally, a …
Application Of Spectral Solution And Neural Network Techniques In Plasma Modeling For Electric Propulsion, Joseph R. Whitman
Application Of Spectral Solution And Neural Network Techniques In Plasma Modeling For Electric Propulsion, Joseph R. Whitman
Theses and Dissertations
A solver for Poisson's equation was developed using the Radix-2 FFT method first invented by Carl Friedrich Gauss. Its performance was characterized using simulated data and identical boundary conditions to those found in a Hall Effect Thruster. The characterization showed errors below machine-zero with noise-free data, and above 20% noise-to-signal strength, the error increased linearly with the noise. This solver can be implemented into AFRL's plasma simulator, the Thermophysics Universal Research Framework (TURF) and used to quickly and accurately compute the electric field based on charge distributions. The validity of a machine learning approach and data-based complex system modeling approach …
Design And Testing Of An Additively Manufactured Cubesat Structural Bus, Karson A. Roberts
Design And Testing Of An Additively Manufactured Cubesat Structural Bus, Karson A. Roberts
Theses and Dissertations
Recent innovations in additive manufacturing and design capabilities have opened the door for more opportunities to integrate multiple functions into a structural de- sign. Specifically, 3D printing through advanced laser powder bed fusion of metal powder allows for the development and integration of advanced structures that were previously unachievable. The demonstration of these techniques on a small satellite results in a structural bus consisting of various external and internal features, increasing its functionality and capabilities beyond simply providing structural support. 3D printing a multi-functional CubeSat bus with these integrated features such as internal lattices and wiring tabs demonstrates a new …
Parameter Study Of An Orbital Debris Defender Using Two Team, Three Player Differential Game Theory, David F. Spendel
Parameter Study Of An Orbital Debris Defender Using Two Team, Three Player Differential Game Theory, David F. Spendel
Theses and Dissertations
The United States Air Force and other national agencies rely on numerous space assets to project their doctrine. However, space is becoming an increasingly congested, contested, and competitive environment. A common risk mitigation strategy for the orbit debris problem is either performing evasive maneuvers, or placing additional shielding on the satellite before launch. Current risk mitigation strategies have significant consequences to satellite operators and may not produce sufficient risk mitigation. This research poses that an orbital debris defender, which would defend the primary satellite from orbital debris, may be a more effective risk mitigation strategy. By assuming the worst case …
Passive Load Testing For Evaluation Of Electromechanical Actuators, Jeremiah R. Hoffman
Passive Load Testing For Evaluation Of Electromechanical Actuators, Jeremiah R. Hoffman
Theses and Dissertations
While aircraft control surfaces traditionally use hydraulic actuators, electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are interesting as they have potential to be lighter, lower maintenance, and more robust. However, EMAs require more research regarding force-fight characteristics, power requirements, performance specifications, and more. The Air Force Research Laboratory is conducting some of this research, and operates a test rig which provides a passive load to a pair of EMAs. This rig is designed for simple test profiles for investigating force-fight; if it could be used to represent actual flight profiles, the rig could accommodate a wider variety of tests. The focus of this project …
Pseudo Linear Hall Effect Thruster Characterization Through Potential, Magnetic, And Optical Measurements, Braeden A. Sheets
Pseudo Linear Hall Effect Thruster Characterization Through Potential, Magnetic, And Optical Measurements, Braeden A. Sheets
Theses and Dissertations
Electric propulsion systems are a more mass efficient method for providing a change in velocity, ΔV, to on-orbit spacecraft, than their chemical counterparts. In comparison, electric systems generally have a much higher specific impulse, Isp, than chemical systems. One option within the realm of electric propulsion is Hall Effect Thrusters, which have moderately high specific impulse values. From their advent in the 1960s, Hall Effect Thrusters have been used for orbit station keeping, attitude control, and orbit transfer. Although the discharge cavity is conventionally circular, pseudo-linear or racetrack shaped cavities have been developed. Even though Hall thrusters have decades of …
Characterization And Analysis Of Plasma Instabilities In A 600 W Permanent Magnet Hall Thruster, Samuel D. Wright
Characterization And Analysis Of Plasma Instabilities In A 600 W Permanent Magnet Hall Thruster, Samuel D. Wright
Theses and Dissertations
Electric propulsion is an important technology for the future of space operations and exploration. Within the range of electric propulsion devices, Hall Effect Thrusters provide a balance of thrust and specific impulse well-suited for many Earth-centric missions. Hall Effect Thrusters have been studied since their development in the 1960s and have been flown on hundreds of spacecraft, but the intimate details of the plasma behavior within the thruster exhaust plume are still not well understood. Furthering this knowledge may be key to improving thruster design to yield better performance and longer lifetimes. To this end, experiments were conducted to measure …
Optimal Trajectory Generation In A Dynamic Multi-Body Environment Using A Pseudospectral Method, Jacob A. Dahlke
Optimal Trajectory Generation In A Dynamic Multi-Body Environment Using A Pseudospectral Method, Jacob A. Dahlke
Theses and Dissertations
High-altitude parking orbits could provide resiliency to the military space infrastructure by providing redundancy in key assets, allowing for rapid reconstitution of underperforming satellites. When analyzing trajectories in a high-altitude regime, two-body models of Keplerian motion become less accurate since the gravitational effects of other bodies are no longer negligible. To provide a higher fidelity model of the dynamics in a high-altitude regime, a multiple-body model can be used. In the Earth-Moon system, a spacecraft operating in the high-altitude regime can be modeled with three-body dynamics. With certain simplifying assumptions, the model is called the circular-restricted three-body problem (CR3BP). The …
Algorithms For Small Satellite Formation Flying, Robert B. Larue
Algorithms For Small Satellite Formation Flying, Robert B. Larue
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents algorithms for spacecraft formation flying using impulsive thrust and low-thrust methods. The general circular orbit formation initial conditions are derived in terms of equinoctial elements. Physical significance of the bounded relative motion parameters is presented for the case of general circular orbits. The developed algorithms are posed in terms of equinoctial elements for a singularity-free approach. The algorithms are assessed by numerical propagation of the inertial equations of motion with J2 and drag perturbations. Methods are presented for minimizing the ΔV required for formation initialization. An examination of the performance of open-loop and closed-loop control is provided …
Comparison Of Traditional Versus Cubesat Remote Sensing: A Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach, Daniel L. Cipera
Comparison Of Traditional Versus Cubesat Remote Sensing: A Model-Based Systems Engineering Approach, Daniel L. Cipera
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis compares the ability of both traditional and CubeSat remote sensing architectures to fulfill a set of mission requirements for a remote sensing scenario. Mission requirements originating from a hurricane disaster response scenario are developed to derive a set of system requirements. Using a Model-based Systems Engineering approach, these system requirements are used to develop notional traditional and CubeSat architecture models. The technical performance of these architectures is analyzed using Systems Toolkit (STK); the results are compared against Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs) derived from the disaster response scenario. Additionally, systems engineering cost estimates are obtained for each satellite architecture …
The Study And Application Of Carbon Nanotube Film Heaters For Space Applications, Christopher C. Rocker
The Study And Application Of Carbon Nanotube Film Heaters For Space Applications, Christopher C. Rocker
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to examine the feasibility of using Carbon Nanotube (CNT) sheets as thin film heaters for space applications. The ability to maintain the temperature of space components has a direct impact on a space vehicle's operation and longevity. Currently etched foil heaters are used to heat satellite batteries. Battery heaters are the focus of this research. However, as this study will show, they have limitations and are susceptible to failure. CNT sheets have many beneficial properties and show potential in replacing the etched foil design. In this study test specimens were created by forming laminate …
Analysis Of Additively Manufactured Injectors For Rotating Detonation Engines, Michael C. Waters
Analysis Of Additively Manufactured Injectors For Rotating Detonation Engines, Michael C. Waters
Theses and Dissertations
This research represents an experimental and computational analysis of additively manufactured injectors for Rotating Detonation Engines (RDEs) for use in rocket propulsion. This research was based on the manufacture and testing of existing injector element designs using additive techniques. The designs were modeled from geometries gathered from Sutton and Biblarz Elements of Rocket Propulsion [23]. The goal of this research was to characterize the viscous losses of each design based on the discharge coefficient. The designs were computationally simulated to gain insight to the flow characteristics using multiple sets of conditions for surface roughness and inlet pressure. The results were …
Utilizing Supercomputing To Analyze Risks Of An Emergent Large-Scale Debris Field In Low Earth Orbit, David J. Buehler
Utilizing Supercomputing To Analyze Risks Of An Emergent Large-Scale Debris Field In Low Earth Orbit, David J. Buehler
Theses and Dissertations
The likelihood of on-orbit breakups, whether spontaneous or the result of collision, will likely continue to grow as the barriers of entry to and use of space are reduced. In all orbital regimes, especially low Earth orbit (LEO), preparation to respond quickly when the next breakup occurs is critical. This research utilizes high-performance parallel computation along with python-driven Systems Tool Kit (STK) to model a large-scale on-orbit breakup in LEO, with the goal of returning data in less than 90 minutes. The breakup is characterized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) EVOLVE 4.0 breakup model and is both …
Space-Based Maneuver Detection And Characterization Using Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation, Justin D. Katzovitz
Space-Based Maneuver Detection And Characterization Using Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation, Justin D. Katzovitz
Theses and Dissertations
An increasingly congested space environment requires real-time and dynamic space situational awareness (SSA) on both domestic and foreign space objects in Earth orbits. Current statistical orbit determination (SOD) techniques are able to estimate and track trajectories for cooperative spacecraft. However, a non-cooperative spacecraft performing unknown maneuvers at unknown times can lead to unexpected changes in the underlying dynamics of classical filtering techniques. Adaptive estimation techniques can be utilized to build a bank of recursive estimators with different hypotheses on a system's dynamics. The current study assesses the use of a multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) technique for detecting and characterizing …
Simplex Solutions For Optimal Control Flight Paths In Urban Environments, Michael D. Zollars, Richard G. Cobb, David J. Grymin
Simplex Solutions For Optimal Control Flight Paths In Urban Environments, Michael D. Zollars, Richard G. Cobb, David J. Grymin
Faculty Publications
This paper identifies feasible fight paths for Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems in a highly constrained environment. Optimal control software has long been used for vehicle path planning and has proven most successful when an adequate initial guess is presented flight to an optimal control solver. Leveraging fast geometric planning techniques, a large search space is discretized into a set of simplexes where a Dubins path solution is generated and contained in a polygonal search corridor free of path constraints. Direct optimal control methods are then used to determine the optimal flight path through the newly defined search corridor. Two scenarios …
Satellite Propulsion Spectral Signature Detection And Analysis For Space Situational Awareness Using Small Telescopes, Pamela L. Wheeler
Satellite Propulsion Spectral Signature Detection And Analysis For Space Situational Awareness Using Small Telescopes, Pamela L. Wheeler
Theses and Dissertations
Safe satellite operations are of utmost importance. Maintaining precise orbital maintenance places stringent performance requirements on current propulsion systems, which are often electric propulsion systems. Electron temperature is a commonly used diagnostic to determine the performance of a Hall thruster, and recent work has correlated near infrared (NIR) spectral measurements of ionization lines of xenon and krypton to electron temperature measurements. In the research herein, appropriate line spectra ratios are identified for each propellant type when used with remote space-to-ground observations. NIR plume emissions were used to characterize a 600 Watt Hall thruster for a variety of observation angles and …
Implementing Conditional Inequality Constraints For Optimal Collision Avoidance, Nathan E. Smith, Christopher D. Arendt, Richard G. Cobb, Jonah A. Reeger
Implementing Conditional Inequality Constraints For Optimal Collision Avoidance, Nathan E. Smith, Christopher D. Arendt, Richard G. Cobb, Jonah A. Reeger
Faculty Publications
Current Federal Aviation Administration regulations require that passing aircraft must either meet a specified horizontal or vertical separation distance. However, solving for optimal avoidance trajectories with conditional inequality path constraints is problematic for gradient-based numerical nonlinear programming solvers since conditional constraints typically possess non-differentiable points. Further, the literature is silent on robust treatment of approximation methods to implement conditional inequality path constraints for gradient-based numerical nonlinear programming solvers. This paper proposes two efficient methods to enforce conditional inequality path constraints in the optimal control problem formulation and compares and contrasts these approaches on representative airborne avoidance scenarios. The first approach …
Analysis Of An Experimental Space Debris Removal Mission, Krista L. L. Roth
Analysis Of An Experimental Space Debris Removal Mission, Krista L. L. Roth
Theses and Dissertations
Encountering space debris is an ever-increasing problem in space exploration and exploitation, especially in Low Earth Orbit. While many space-faring governing bodies have attempted to control the orbital lifetime post mission completion of satellites and rocker bodies, objects already in orbit pose a danger to future mission planning. Currently, governments and academic institutions are working to develop missions to remove space debris; however, the proposed missions are typically costly primary missions. This research proposes an alternative to use an upper stage rocket, to be called a chaser, already launching a primary mission near the desired debris as a host for …