Aerospace Engineering Commons^™

Development Of A Design Tool For Tow-Steered Composite Structures With Machine Learning-Assisted Modeling, Bangde Liu

Industrial, Manufacturing, and Systems Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are widely used in aerospace, automotive, and other engineering applications due to their lightweight characteristics and superior mechanical properties. Traditional FRCs employ a fixed fiber orientation in each layer, and while different layup sequences can tailor performance, the mechanical properties remain spatially uniform. Tow-steered composites, which enable fibers to follow curvilinear paths, offer the potential for spatially varying stiffness and strength, improving structural performance.

This dissertation addresses key challenges in modeling and designing tow-steered composite structures, including the lack of commercial design tools, the high computational cost of design optimization, and the need to efficiently evaluate manufacturing …

Assembly, Integration And Test, Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

What is “AI&T”

• A continuous, iterative process of turning low level components into the system of hardware, software and ground tools that meet YOUR mission

• Teaching the engineering team to UNDERSTAND the system they’ve built

• It does exactly what it was designed to do, now figure out what that was…

• Verifying mechanical, electrical, data and software interfaces

• Does it fit?
• Does it talk?
• Is it on?

Advanced Doppler Wind And Temperature Sounder, Trent Newswander, Scott Bailey, Mark Hervig, Phillip Scott, Zack Hatfield

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Introduction

• An advanced Doppler Wind and Temperature Sounder (DWTS) is being developed for flight on NASA’s Dynamical Neutral Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (DYNAMIC) satellite

– Will provide the first comprehensive global dataset of winds and temperature in the mesosphere and thermosphere (40–250 km altitude)

– Designed and built by Space Dynamics Lab (SDL)

• The DYNAMIC mission aims to characterize the energy transfer between the ionosphere, thermosphere, and mesosphere

– Led by Scott Bailey from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Sate University

– See his HELIOTECH DYNAMIC poster for more details

• DWTS observes the Doppler shift of atmospheric NO and ^{13 …}

Deriving Nonlinearity Coefficients From Changing Background, Mark Esplin, Deron Scott, Bryce Walker, Ben Esplin

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Contents

• Quadric Nonlinearity
• Nonlinearity Model and Sensitivity Studies
• Application to CrIS Sensor
• Check Method with Stepped Blackbody Data
• Conclusions

Command & Data Handling, Firmware & Software, Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

UNP Presentation on Command & Data Handling, Firmware & Software

Guidelines For Radiometric Calibration Of Electro-Optical Instruments For Remote Sensing, Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

SDL Presentation on Radiometric Calibration of Electro-Optical Instruments for Remote Sensing

Optical Coating Characterization System (Occs), Scott Hansen, Kendall Johnson, Dean Wada, Alan Thurgood

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

SDL Presentation on OCCS

Demonstration Of Coherent Optical Phase-Shift Keying With A Tapered-Diode Laser Amplifier For Free-Space Optical Communication, Charlotte K. Duda, Aaron Cross, Chadwick Lindstrom, Julie Smith

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

SDL presentation on Coherent Optical Phase-Shift Keying

End-To-End Neural Network Based Optimal Control For Asymmetric Quadrotor Uas, Ross O'Hara

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis presents the development and evaluation of a neural network-based optimal controller for asymmetrically loaded quadrotor unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Traditional control strategies such as PID are typically designed under symmetry assumptions and often degrade in performance when faced with significant loading asymmetries. To address this, a six-degree-of-freedom quadrotor model incorporating rotor dynamics and center-of-mass offsets was developed. A trajectory optimization framework using MATLAB’s fmincon solver generated over 50,000 energy-optimal trajectories across symmetric and asymmetric conditions. These were used to train a range of feedforward neural network architectures in a full-factorial study.

The best-performing controller was identified, having five …

Novel Design And Fabrication Of A High-Speed Transient Heat Flux Sensor For Application To Rotating Detonation Engines, Zachary Todd Tallman

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Rotating detonation engine (RDE) combustion systems have been a topic of interest in the pressure gain combustion community for their benefits over traditional gas turbine engine combustors. However, cooling requirements for these engines are significantly higher and less predictable than those of non-detonating engines. To understand and quantify the high-speed heat transfer dynamics within an RDE, a novel high-frequency heat flux sensor is presented. This study aims to design a robust, single-sided sensor that can withstand the high temperature and harsh environment of an RDE for extended durations. Screen printing is used to deposit a layered, platinum-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) film …

Implementation Of A Neural Network Execution Framework For Generalized And Cross-Platform Deep Learning Deployment And Inference On Spacecraft Systems, Rafael Polanco Segovia

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Recent advances in hardware and software technology have made it possible to implement more resource-demanding deep learning algorithms in constrained hardware environments. This creates opportunities to use deep learning for aerospace applications on increasingly smaller aerospace vehicles. This work presents the implementation of a Neural Network Execution Framework (NNEF), which aims to provide a cross-platform and reusable framework to deploy and execute trained neural networks for deep learning aerospace applications. The NNEF executes any neural network inference process regardless of the original deep learning framework in which it was created, for supported flight software platforms, and space-like computer boards. Users …

Navigating Together: The Conav Testbed And Framework For Benchmarking Cooperative Localization, Rohith Boyinine, Jayanth Ammapalli, Anusna Chakraborty, Rajnikant Sharma, Kevin Brink, Clark N. Taylor

Faculty Publications

This paper presents CoNaV, a comprehensive framework for creating a multi-vehicle cooperative localization (CL) testbed designed to support the benchmarking, development, and deployment of cooperative navigation algorithms. Given the essential role of CL in improving localization accuracy for both defense and civilian applications, CoNaV provides a robust environment for rigorously validating algorithms under real-world conditions. By establishing a benchmark for CL algorithms, CoNaV lays a foundation for advancing research into more sophisticated and distributed CL solutions. This framework highlights the potential of cooperative navigation to enhance multi-vehicle operations and offers a scalable, practical approach for future developments in CL technology.

Personnel & Team Management, Utah State University Space Dynamics Laboratory

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Agenda

• Team Design
• What is a PM?
• Role "Definition
• Training
• Communication
• Expectation management
• Performance management & feedback
• Tools
• Meetings & tasking
• Gantt charts
• Dashboard
• Risk management

Ai Simulation Creation, John P. Wilson

Space Dynamics Laboratory Publications

Introduction - AI Simulation Creation

• Exploring the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the form of a Large Language Model (LLM) to produce a simulation of a factory production facility with given parameters and calculated performance.
• Use Grok (Grok 4 Expert) and Claude (Sonnet 4.5) LLMs 
• Ask the LLMs to solve the problem analytically and then create a Python simulation to calculate the results.
• Answer the questions: 
• Can an AI do this?
• How do the results compare?

Characterization Of Krypton Performance In A Laboratory 300 W Magnetically Shielded Hall-Effect Thruster, Jacob Henry Knott

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Xenon has long been the propellant of choice in Hall Thrusters; however, significant work has been performed to produce thrusters capable of utilizing alternate propellants due to xenon’s price and scarcity. Krypton is the most similar alternative propellant to xenon. This work examines the performance of a sub-kilowatt magnetically shielded Hall Thruster operating on both xenon and krypton. Krypton produced lower thrust, specific impulse, and was less efficient than xenon. Specifically, the absolute xenon-krypton efficiency gap was 6 to 24 % . Krypton’s inferior efficiency is primarily attributable to differences in mass utilization and beam divergence losses. The impacts of …

Numerical Modelling And Co-Optimization Of Gasoline Fuels For Gasoline Compression Ignition Using Multi Component Approach, Ashwin Karthik Purushothaman

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Future mobility is expected to rely on a broad spectrum of powertrain technologies, including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Despite the shift toward electrification, internal combustion engines are projected to remain a key component of future powertrains, either as the primary power source or as range extenders to generate electricity in hybrid systems. As such, significant research efforts continue to focus on enhancing the efficiency and reducing the emissions of ICEs to meet increasingly stringent regulatory and environmental targets. Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has been …

Physics-Informed Neural Network Based Aerodynamic Modeling Framework, Nathaniel E. Michek

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Significant advances have been made in developing aerodynamic models over the years. While these advances span many modeling techniques and data collection methods, certain aerodynamic regimes still pose significant challenges. These regimes commonly occur when an aerodynamic body is under extreme flight conditions. Many of these conditions occur simultaneously in the rare and poorly understood case of a tumbling aerodynamic body. The flight of a tumbling aerodynamic body goes through the entire range of aerodynamic angles, alpha and beta, causing significant non-linearities and time-dependent effects associated with flow separation. During tumbling, the aerodynamic body simultaneously rotates about all three axes …

Optimizing Hypersonic Scramjets: A Numerical Study Of Fuel Type And Cavity Flameholder Design Impacts On Supersonic Combustion, Delaney Baumberger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents recommendations for optimizing hypersonic scramjets via a numerical study focusing on fuel type and cavity flameholder design and the impacts they have on supersonic combustion. The research is divided into two main investigations aimed at improving scramjet engine efficiency using two distinct geometrical configurations, a square cavity engine and an axisymmetric cavity engine. Each configuration is examined under Mach 2 inflow conditions to assess the role of geometric variation and fuel selection on combustion stability, flameholding, and overall performance. The first study focuses on a comparative assessment of hydrogen and ethylene as scramjet fuels to evaluate their …

Evaluation Of Small Unmanned Tailsitter Hybrid Air Vehicles Via Full Flight Simulation, Andrew Spencer Winters

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have exploded in popularity in the past 15 years among researchers and for industrial uses such as agriculture, search and rescue, and infrastructure inspection. Fixed wing and multirotor designs present two major paths that can be taken with these technologies. Fixed wing platforms have superior aerodynamic efficiency but require large areas for takeoff/landing and cannot hold a constant position in space, limiting their use. Multirotor configurations offer a more versatile platform that can maneuver in 3 dimensions independently but lack the endurance of fixed wing vehicles. This thesis analyses a quadrotor biplane and a variable wingspan …

Parameter Estimation Of A 100 Seater Simulated Passenger Aircraft, Michael James Winston

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Virtual flight test aircraft provide good opportunities to test new parameter estimation methods. However, good estimates for the parameters in VIRTTAC Castor, a virtual test aircraft, are unavailable. This thesis uses two well-established time domain methods, the Output Error Method and the Filter Error Method, to estimate the parameters of VIRTTAC Castor. Three standard maneuvers were used: Elevator 3-2-1-1, Rudder Doublet, and Aileron Multi-Step. The parameters were estimated across three different flight conditions: weight, altitude and air speed, which resulted in 27 tests for each maneuver. All parameters, and standard deviations estimated are included in the appendix as a table.

Hybrid Rans-Les Analysis Of Turbulent Flame Under Near Blow-Off Condition In A Multi-Stage Swirl Combustor, Brandon O'Brien

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Advances in computational resources are making computational fluid dynamics (CFD) increasingly accessible for a variety of engineering applications. However, certain complex problems, such as simulating detailed flame kinetics, remain computationally prohibitive for many users. Developing cost-effective methods to simulate these challenges would greatly benefit applications involving flame dynamics, such as turbine engines or industrial burners. This study investigates the effect of main stage swirler intensity on near lean blow-off characteristics in a multi-staged swirl combustor using Ansys Fluent. The hybrid RANS-LES turbulence model, Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) coupled with Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) combustion model was selected to model …

Vibration Modeling Of Rectangular Plates And Application To Solar Cell Dust Mitigation, Jeremiah John Rittenhouse

Doctoral Dissertations

"Many engineering structures can be modeled as rectangular plates, including solar cells. Carefully controlled plate vibration can be useful to solve an engineering problem, such as lunar dust accumulation on solar cells, which blocks light and reduces power generation. For this application, plate vibration at resonance is studied and used experimentally to eject lunar dust from a solar cell.

Piezoelectric actuator placement on the inactive side of a solar cell to induce vibration dust mitigation from the active side of the cell is presented in this work. Three solar cell prototypes were created and tested for efficacy, resulting in an …

Additive Manufacturing Of Multifunctional Materials And Composites, John Michael Pappas

Doctoral Dissertations

"This research focused on developing fundamental knowledge of process-material interactions for additive manufacturing of multifunctional materials that are highly desirable in high-tech industries for potential weight and space savings. Multifunctional materials are very sensitive to defects, which severely hinder performance. Thus, defect formation was systematically studied to develop strategies and methodologies to efficiently fabricate high-performance materials and composites. Blown-powder-based laser additive manufacturing of transparent spinel ceramics was investigated to reduce porosity and cracking, defects that hindered transparency and mechanical properties. A systematic study of processing parameters revealed that laser power and powder flow rate had the largest effects on defect …

Development Of An Quadcopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle For Atmospheric Remote Sensing, Omar J. Addasi

Dissertations and Theses

This paper explores the development of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, a.k.a. drone) for atmospheric remote sensing of temperature, pressure, humidity, and PM2.5 particulate matter quantities. A 3-D printed drone body is designed and flight tuning is performed. An optimal length for an upward extending mast for the drone body is determined. Low cost, lightweight sensors are compared against higher precision sensors in both static and dynamic conditions. In addition, an initial investigation into the design of a pressure sensor based anemometer is performed.

Methods Of Variability Reduction In Ramjet Fuel Injection Using Fluid-Structure Interactions, Egan J. Rigney

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The Liquid Jet in Crossflow (LJIC) method of fuel injection in ramjet engines is widely used and well-studied. However, they experience variation in their behavior at different altitudes and flight speeds due to the varied flow conditions following the inlet. This variation becomes more noticeable at high-temperature and high-speed airflow conditions. The optimized and consistent breakup of liquid fuel is a key component in ramjet engine design as there is a minimum surface area requirement of the droplets for combustion to occur. Local equivalence ratios also have a significant influence on the effectiveness of combustion. As such, researchers at the …

Flame Boundary Effects Of Hydrogen-Air Premixing, Alecson L. De Lima Junior

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The objective of this research was to investigate the reaction of hydrogen and heated air premixing when injected into a combusting ethylene-air crossflow, and to study the flame stabilization location with varying premixing levels. The main parameter of this investigation was the flame stabilization diagnosed through chemiluminescence, based on recorded equivalence ratio, temperature, and flame boundaries, and maintaining a constant air temperature, hydrogen and air mass flow, and momentum flux ratios. Testing was conducted at different ratios of hydrogen and air premixing achieved through alternating the distance between the point where hydrogen and air are mixed and the combusting crossflow. …

Effects Of Changes In Strouhal And Reynolds Numbers On Beetle Wing Aerodynamics, Keith L. Thiha

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Insect flight has long been a subject of interest across the scientific community, largely due to the exceptional aerodynamic performance insects demonstrate relative to their size. Insects tend to have very high aerodynamic performance characteristics like thrust and lift generation compared to their size. This has many potential applications in improving aircraft performance, however the flow phenomena concerning insect wing aerodynamics is still an area of ongoing research. This study aims to investigate how variations in key nondimensional flow parameters—specifically the Reynolds number and Strouhal number—affect the aerodynamic performance of beetle wings. Strouhal numbers ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 were …

Potential Of Lidar And Hyperspectral Sensing For Overcoming Challenges In Current Maritime Ballast Tank Corrosion Inspection, Sergio Pallas Enguita, Jiajun Jiang, Chung-Hao Chen, Samuel Kovacic, Richard Lebel

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Corrosion in maritime ballast tanks is a major driver of maintenance costs and operational risks for maritime assets. Inspections are hampered by complex geometries, hazardous conditions, and the limitations of conventional methods, particularly visual assessment, which struggles with subjectivity, accessibility, and early detection, especially under coatings. This paper critically examines these challenges and explores the potential of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) to form the basis of improved inspection approaches. We discuss LiDAR’s utility for accurate 3D mapping and providing a spatial framework and HSI’s potential for objective material identification and surface characterization based on spectral …

A Proximal Policy Optimization-Based Controller For Enhanced Power Sharing In Microgrids, Seyedmohammad Hasheminasab, Armin Lotfy, Mohamad Alzayed, Hicham Chaoui

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper introduces a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)-based virtual impedance (VI) controller to enhance both power sharing and system response under disturbances in inverter-interfaced microgrids. Traditional droop control methods often face challenges due to variations in feeder impedance, which degrade performance. The proposed controller continuously updates its policy based on changes in the operating environment. The control problem is modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), in which the state and action spaces are explicitly defined, and a carefully designed reward function, satisfying system criteria and constraints, guides the learning process toward achieving the desired transient and steady-state performance. By …

The Interacting Roles Of Attention Allocation And Trust In Highly Automated Aam Environments, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology Faculty Publications

[First slide]

Mechanisms of attentive visual processing

• Attention control
• Visual search
• Eye movement
• Aging and individual differences

Limits of human performance in applied environment

• Complex displays
• Machine operation
• Surface transportation
• Advanced air mobility
• Nuclear operation

Methods to ameliorate human cognitive performance

• Human-machine interface
• Human autonomy/AI teaming
• Human-systems integration
• Training