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Articles 31 - 60 of 83
Full-Text Articles in Aerospace Engineering
Performance Of A Two-Body Wave Energy Converter With An Annular Heave Plate, Raj Tamakuwala, Muhammad Usman, Nathan Tom, Hassan Masoud
Performance Of A Two-Body Wave Energy Converter With An Annular Heave Plate, Raj Tamakuwala, Muhammad Usman, Nathan Tom, Hassan Masoud
Michigan Tech Publications
We theoretically examine the performance of a two-body wave energy converter (WEC) featuring a floating sphere and a submerged annular heave plate, connected by a power take-off (PTO) system. Utilising linear wave theory, we derive the system's frequency-domain response to regular plane waves and analyse the impact of varying disk porosity on power generation. Our results suggest that annular disks can enhance power extraction efficiency in various cases compared with solid heave plates. Additionally, permeable plates can broaden operational conditions by reducing oscillation amplitudes and decreasing the mechanical strain on the PTO system without substantially compromising the power conversion efficiency. …
Self-Organization In Metal Plasticity: An Ilg Update †, Avraam Konstantinidis, Konstantinos Spiliotis, Amit Chattopadhyay, Elais C. Aifantis
Self-Organization In Metal Plasticity: An Ilg Update †, Avraam Konstantinidis, Konstantinos Spiliotis, Amit Chattopadhyay, Elais C. Aifantis
Michigan Tech Publications
In a 1987 article of the last author dedicated to the memory of a pioneer of classical plasticity Aris Philips of Yale, the last author outlined three examples of self-organization during plastic deformation in metals: persistent slip bands (PSBs), shear bands (SBs) and Portevin Le Chatelier (PLC) bands. All three have been observed and analyzed experimentally for a long time, but there was no theory to capture their spatial characteristics and evolution in the process of deformation. By introducing the Laplacian of dislocation density and strain in the standard constitutive equations used for these phenomena, corresponding mathematical models and nonlinear …
Energy-Aware Optimal Reconfiguration Of A Heterogeneous Connected And Automated Vehicle Cohort On A Limited-Access Highway, Pruthwiraj Santhosh, Darrell Robinette, Daniel Knopp, Jeffrey Naber, Jungyun Bae
Energy-Aware Optimal Reconfiguration Of A Heterogeneous Connected And Automated Vehicle Cohort On A Limited-Access Highway, Pruthwiraj Santhosh, Darrell Robinette, Daniel Knopp, Jeffrey Naber, Jungyun Bae
Michigan Tech Publications
This paper presents an optimized vehicular reordering methodology designed to minimize energy consumption within heterogeneous cohorts operating at constant velocity on limited-access highways. The approach addresses the challenge of optimizing vehicle sequencing by considering both aerodynamic drag reduction benefits and the energy costs of reconfiguring a cohort from a stochastic initial state. This study provides empirical validation through on-road vehicle tests, demonstrating significant energy savings, achieving up to 10% reduction in axle energy for optimally configured cohorts compared to independent operation. A System of Systems (SoS) simulation environment, integrating micro-traffic, validated powertrain, and aerodynamic drag reduction models, was developed to …
High-Heat Transfer Lithium-Ion Batteries: A New Era In Battery Thermal Management, Alfred J. Piggott, Jeffrey S. Allen, Ahmad A. Pesaran
High-Heat Transfer Lithium-Ion Batteries: A New Era In Battery Thermal Management, Alfred J. Piggott, Jeffrey S. Allen, Ahmad A. Pesaran
Michigan Tech Publications
Despite advances in lithium-ion battery technology, critical challenges remain that must be addressed to accelerate electric vehicle (EV) adoption and global energy transformation. Significantly improved battery thermal management (BTM) is key to overcoming these challenges. BTM approaches focus on increasing heat transfer coefficients via air, liquid, or refrigerant cooling, but less attention is given to reducing the battery's thermal resistance, a major bottleneck for heat transfer. This work introduces a novel approach to reduce battery thermal resistance by integrating in-plane heat transfer with optimized cell geometry, minimized thermal resistances, and reduced interfacial resistances, representing a departure from previous methods. The …
Mae Enewsbrief Apr- June 2025, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Mae Enewsbrief Apr- June 2025, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering eNewsBrief
No abstract provided.
Mtu-Llm: Llm-Based Multi-Robot Task Allocation And Path Planning For Heterogeneous Robots In Search And Rescue Operations, Kaushik Kannan, Jungyun Bae
Mtu-Llm: Llm-Based Multi-Robot Task Allocation And Path Planning For Heterogeneous Robots In Search And Rescue Operations, Kaushik Kannan, Jungyun Bae
Michigan Tech Publications
Urban Search and Rescue operations after natural disasters involve locating and assisting victims in hazardous environments, which is challenging. Classical Multi-Robot Task Allocation (MRTA) and path planning approaches have been used to deploy heterogeneous robot teams in unsafe areas. However, existing methods often lack focus on workload balance and requirement fulfillment and struggle to generalize across different scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose Multi-robot Task allocation Utilizing LLMs (MTU-LLM), a framework designed to reduce the development time for task allocation and path planning approaches, enabling faster robot deployment. The framework uses an LLM-based “prompt engineering” approach that generates task …
Nanoscale Structure-Property Relationships Of Cyanate Ester As A Function Of Extent Of Cure, Khatereh Kashmari, Josh Kemppainen, Sagar U. Patil, Julieta Barroeta Robles, Pascal Hubert, Gregory Odegard
Nanoscale Structure-Property Relationships Of Cyanate Ester As A Function Of Extent Of Cure, Khatereh Kashmari, Josh Kemppainen, Sagar U. Patil, Julieta Barroeta Robles, Pascal Hubert, Gregory Odegard
Michigan Tech Publications
Cyanate esters are key thermosetting resins for composite materials that require structural integrity and resistance to elevated temperatures. Because cyanate ester composites require relatively high processing temperatures, they are susceptible to the formation of process-induced residual stresses, which compromise their overall strength and durability. Process modeling is a key strategy for optimizing processing parameters to minimize such residual stresses. A necessary component of effective and efficient process modeling of composites is computationally established resin property evolution relationships for a range of processing parameters. In this study, the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of a cyanate ester resin are established as …
Derivation And Experimental Validation Of A Parameterized Nonlinear Froude–Krylov Force Model For Heaving-Point-Absorber Wave Energy Converters, Houssein Yassin, Tania Demonte Gonzalez, Gordon Parker, Giorgio Bacelli, Carlos Michelen
Derivation And Experimental Validation Of A Parameterized Nonlinear Froude–Krylov Force Model For Heaving-Point-Absorber Wave Energy Converters, Houssein Yassin, Tania Demonte Gonzalez, Gordon Parker, Giorgio Bacelli, Carlos Michelen
Michigan Tech Publications
Wave energy converters (WECs) have gained significant attention as a promising renewable energy source. Optimal control strategies, crucial for maximizing energy extraction, have traditionally relied on linear models based on small motion assumptions. However, recent studies indicate that these models do not adequately capture the complex dynamics of WECs, especially when large motions are introduced to enhance power absorption. The nonlinear Froude–Krylov (FK) forces, particularly in heaving-point-absorbers with varying cross-sectional areas, are acknowledged as key contributors to this discrepancy. While high-fidelity computational models are accurate, they are impractical for real-time control applications due to their complexity. This paper presents a …
Mae Enewsbrief Jan-Mar 2025, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Mae Enewsbrief Jan-Mar 2025, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering eNewsBrief
No abstract provided.
Mae Enewsbrief Oct-Dec 2024, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Mae Enewsbrief Oct-Dec 2024, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospace Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering eNewsBrief
No abstract provided.
Bounding Case Requirements For Power Grid Protection Against High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulses, Connor A. Lehman, Darrell Robinette, Wayne Weaver, David G. Wilson
Bounding Case Requirements For Power Grid Protection Against High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulses, Connor A. Lehman, Darrell Robinette, Wayne Weaver, David G. Wilson
Michigan Tech Publications
Securing the power grid is of extreme concern to many nations as power infrastructure has become integral to modern life and society. A high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is generated by a nuclear detonation high in the atmosphere, producing a powerful electromagnetic field that can damage or destroy electronic devices over a wide area. Protecting against HEMP attacks (insults) requires knowledge of the problem’s bounds before the problem can be appropriately solved. This paper presents a collection of analyses to determine the basic requirements for controller placements on a power grid. Two primary analyses are conducted. The first is an inverted …
A Review Of Direct Ink Writing Of Polymer Derived Ceramics, Victoria Bishop, Saket Chand Mathur, Nhu Nguyen, Bhisham Sharma, Mary Drouin, Bin Li, Cheol Park, Wei Wei
A Review Of Direct Ink Writing Of Polymer Derived Ceramics, Victoria Bishop, Saket Chand Mathur, Nhu Nguyen, Bhisham Sharma, Mary Drouin, Bin Li, Cheol Park, Wei Wei
Michigan Tech Publications
With the growing demand for materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures and pressures, ceramic components with exceptional corrosion resistance and reliable mechanical properties have experienced a significant surge in demand. However, traditional ceramic forming methods involve high-temperatures and energy-intensive processes that often struggle to produce complex parts or composites efficiently. Polymer-Derived Ceramics (PDCs) offer a transformative solution by using polymeric precursors that can be converted into a wide variety of silicon-based and non-silicon-based ceramics through heat treatment. The polymeric nature of PDC precursors enables the fabrication of geometrically intricate components using conventional polymer-forming techniques at significantly lower processing temperatures. Furthermore, …
Gradient Fibro-Porous Materials For Tailored Sound Absorption, William Johnston, Janith Godakawela, Bhisham Sharma
Gradient Fibro-Porous Materials For Tailored Sound Absorption, William Johnston, Janith Godakawela, Bhisham Sharma
Michigan Tech Publications
Reducing the pore size of bulk sound absorbers often increases weight and introduces manufacturing challenges, limiting their practical use. To address these issues, a class of materials is introduced that uses 3D printing to seamlessly integrate fibers within porous scaffolds, allowing improved sound absorption performance without a significant weight addition. The reliance on 3D printing enables the creation of gradient fibro-porous structures with customizable acoustic properties. This study explores the effect of through-thickness gradients in the scaffold’s relative density, fiber thickness, and fiber density on the acoustical performance with the goal of identifying the optimal strategy to obtain broader and …
A Model Predictive Control To Improve Grid Resilience, Joseph Young, David G. Wilson, Wayne Weaver, Rush Robinett
A Model Predictive Control To Improve Grid Resilience, Joseph Young, David G. Wilson, Wayne Weaver, Rush Robinett
Michigan Tech Publications
The following article details a model predictive control (MPC) to improve grid resilience when faced with variable generation resources. This topic is of significant interest to utility power systems where distributed intermittent energy sources will increase significantly and be relied on for electric grid ancillary services. Previous work on MPCs has focused on narrowly targeted control applications such as improving electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure or reducing the cost of integrating Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) into the grid. In contrast, this article develops a comprehensive treatment of the construction of an MPC tailored to electric grids and then applies it …
Towards Universal Non-Dimensional Characterization Of The Oscillatory Dynamics Of Wind Turbine Rotors Of Multiple Sizes, North Yates, Fernando L. Ponta, Alayna Farrell
Towards Universal Non-Dimensional Characterization Of The Oscillatory Dynamics Of Wind Turbine Rotors Of Multiple Sizes, North Yates, Fernando L. Ponta, Alayna Farrell
Michigan Tech Publications
One concern in the field of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs) is what control strategies are needed to handle gust pulses in the wind to prevent extreme oscillations of the blades to reduce fatigue stress, prevent blade rupture, and extend the turbine’s operational life. In order to design innovative control strategies to modify the blade’s oscillatory response, it is crucial to establish the fundamental vibrational behavior of the blades when excited by gust pulses of different frequencies and amplitudes present in the fluctuating wind inflow. In a series of previous works, the authors presented a novel Reduced-Order Characterization (ROC) technique …
Estimating Snow Coverage Percentage On Solar Panels Using Drone Imagery And Machine Learning For Enhanced Energy Efficiency, Ashraf Saleem, Ali Awad, Amna Mazen, Zoe Mazurkiewicz, Ana Dyreson
Estimating Snow Coverage Percentage On Solar Panels Using Drone Imagery And Machine Learning For Enhanced Energy Efficiency, Ashraf Saleem, Ali Awad, Amna Mazen, Zoe Mazurkiewicz, Ana Dyreson
Michigan Tech Publications
Snow accumulation on solar panels presents a significant challenge to energy generation in snowy regions, reducing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and impacting economic viability. While prior studies have explored snow detection using fixed-camera setups, these methods suffer from scalability limitations, stationary viewpoints, and the need for reference images. This study introduces an automated deep-learning framework that leverages drone-captured imagery to detect and quantify snow coverage on solar panels, aiming to enhance power forecasting and optimize snow removal strategies in winter conditions. We developed and evaluated two approaches using YOLO-based models: Approach 1, a high-precision method utilizing a …
Evidence Of Pure Ammonia Clouds In Jupiter's Northern Temperate Domain From Juno/Jiram Infrared Spectral Data, F. Biagiotti, D. Grassi, G. Liuzzi, G. Villanueva, G. Piccioni, T. Guillot, Shawn Brueshaber, Et. Al.
Evidence Of Pure Ammonia Clouds In Jupiter's Northern Temperate Domain From Juno/Jiram Infrared Spectral Data, F. Biagiotti, D. Grassi, G. Liuzzi, G. Villanueva, G. Piccioni, T. Guillot, Shawn Brueshaber, Et. Al.
Michigan Tech Publications
In this work, we analyse data from the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) imaging spectrometer on board the NASA mission Juno, to investigate the presence of spectrally identifiable ammonia clouds (SIACs). Focusing on the data from the first perijove passage, we found that a white vortex structure near 40°N provides the best candidate. Implementing atmospheric retrieval thanks to the planetary spectrum generator, we fit the JIRAM spectra (in the 2.5-3.1 μm range) inside and outside the vortex, varying the gaseous ammonia profiles, and the clouds and hazes properties and composition. We found that outside the vortex, the best fit …
Biomedically Vibrant And Cost-Effective Biocomposite Bone Plate – Development And Testing, Asif Mahmud Rayhan, Md Enamul Hoque, Adib Bin Rashid
Biomedically Vibrant And Cost-Effective Biocomposite Bone Plate – Development And Testing, Asif Mahmud Rayhan, Md Enamul Hoque, Adib Bin Rashid
Michigan Tech Publications
Bone fracture treatment requires a supportive structure called, bone plate for a specific period required to heal the fractured bone. Titanium, stainless steel, tantalum etc. are widely used as bone plates. However, these metallic bone plates lead to some major problems namely, stress shielding, bone atrophy, high cost etc. because of their very high strength compared to bones. In addition, the metallic bone plates need secondary surgery to remove it from the body. This research aims to develop a sustainable composite bone plate that is biocompatible, bio-functional, and biodegradable in the human body. Firstly, different composite samples were fabricated using …
Solid State Transformer Controls For Mitigation Of E3a High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Insults, Connor A. Lehman, Rush D. Robinett, Wayne Weaver, David G. Wilson
Solid State Transformer Controls For Mitigation Of E3a High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Insults, Connor A. Lehman, Rush D. Robinett, Wayne Weaver, David G. Wilson
Michigan Tech Publications
This paper explores the use of a solid state transformer (SST) to mitigate the 𝐸3𝐴 component of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) insult using external energy storage optimal control techniques. In lieu of conventional passive blocking devices or feedback-controlled energy storage devices, a novel implementation of Hamiltonian error tracking is utilized to develop a feedback control law for the variable converter ratio in an SST. The findings of the simulations performed in this paper suggest that additional energy storage is not necessary to protect an individual load from a HEMP insult. The simulations performed examine the response of a single-phase …
Quality Evaluation For Colored Point Clouds Produced By Autonomous Vehicle Sensor Fusion Systems, Colin Schaefer, Zeid Kootbally, Vinh Nguyen
Quality Evaluation For Colored Point Clouds Produced By Autonomous Vehicle Sensor Fusion Systems, Colin Schaefer, Zeid Kootbally, Vinh Nguyen
Michigan Tech Publications
Perception systems for autonomous vehicles (AVs) require various types of sensors, including light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and cameras, to ensure their robustness in driving scenarios and weather conditions. The data from these sensors are fused together to generate maps of the surrounding environment and provide information for the detection and tracking of objects. Hence, evaluation methods are necessary to compare existing and future sensor systems through quantifiable measurements given the wide range of sensor models and design choices. This paper presents an evaluation method to compare colored point clouds, a common fused data type, among two LiDAR-camera fusion systems …
Linking Molecular Structure Evolution To Mechanical Degradation During Environmental Aging In Conventional And Recyclable Epoxy Systems, Ben T. Jewell
Linking Molecular Structure Evolution To Mechanical Degradation During Environmental Aging In Conventional And Recyclable Epoxy Systems, Ben T. Jewell
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
The long-term performance of polymeric materials in extreme environments is governed by complex chemical and physical aging processes that alter their molecular structure and mechanical integrity. Conventional thermoset epoxies, while widely used in structural applications, are particularly susceptible to oxidative degradation at elevated temperatures, leading to embrittlement and loss of structural integrity. In the first part of this work, diffusion-limited oxidation (DLO) in a bulk structural epoxy was systematically investigated to establish the link between heterogeneous microstructural evolution and macroscopic mechanical degradation. High-temperature oxidation experiments were conducted in a controlled environmental chamber, and the resulting chemical, thermal, and mechanical changes …
Characterization Of Krypton Performance In A Laboratory 300 W Magnetically Shielded Hall-Effect Thruster, Jacob Henry Knott
Characterization Of Krypton Performance In A Laboratory 300 W Magnetically Shielded Hall-Effect Thruster, Jacob Henry Knott
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Xenon has long been the propellant of choice in Hall Thrusters; however, significant work has been performed to produce thrusters capable of utilizing alternate propellants due to xenon’s price and scarcity. Krypton is the most similar alternative propellant to xenon. This work examines the performance of a sub-kilowatt magnetically shielded Hall Thruster operating on both xenon and krypton. Krypton produced lower thrust, specific impulse, and was less efficient than xenon. Specifically, the absolute xenon-krypton efficiency gap was 6 to 24 % . Krypton’s inferior efficiency is primarily attributable to differences in mass utilization and beam divergence losses. The impacts of …
Numerical Modelling And Co-Optimization Of Gasoline Fuels For Gasoline Compression Ignition Using Multi Component Approach, Ashwin Karthik Purushothaman
Numerical Modelling And Co-Optimization Of Gasoline Fuels For Gasoline Compression Ignition Using Multi Component Approach, Ashwin Karthik Purushothaman
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Future mobility is expected to rely on a broad spectrum of powertrain technologies, including battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Despite the shift toward electrification, internal combustion engines are projected to remain a key component of future powertrains, either as the primary power source or as range extenders to generate electricity in hybrid systems. As such, significant research efforts continue to focus on enhancing the efficiency and reducing the emissions of ICEs to meet increasingly stringent regulatory and environmental targets. Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has been …
Understanding Confusion: A Case Study Of Training A Machine Model To Predict And Interpret Consensus From Volunteer Labels, Ramanakumar Sankar, Kameswara Mantha, Cooper Nesmith, Lucy Fortson, Shawn R. Brueshaber, Candice Hansen-Koharcheck, Glenn Orton
Understanding Confusion: A Case Study Of Training A Machine Model To Predict And Interpret Consensus From Volunteer Labels, Ramanakumar Sankar, Kameswara Mantha, Cooper Nesmith, Lucy Fortson, Shawn R. Brueshaber, Candice Hansen-Koharcheck, Glenn Orton
Michigan Tech Publications
Citizen science has become a valuable and reliable method for interpreting and processing big datasets, and is vital in the era of ever-growing data volumes. However, there are inherent difficulties in the generating labels from citizen scientists, due to the inherent variability between the members of the crowd, leading to variability in the results. Sometimes, this is useful — such as with serendipitous discoveries, which corresponds to rare/unknown classes in the data — but it might also be due to ambiguity between classes. The primary issue is then to distinguish between the intrinsic variability in the dataset and the uncertainty …
Mae Enewsbrief July-Sept 2024, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospce Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Mae Enewsbrief July-Sept 2024, Department Of Mechanical And Aerospce Engineering, Michigan Technological University
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering eNewsBrief
No abstract provided.
Editorial For The Special Issue On Nanomaterials For Micro/Nanodevices, Amir Hussain Idrisi
Editorial For The Special Issue On Nanomaterials For Micro/Nanodevices, Amir Hussain Idrisi
Michigan Tech Publications
The Special Issue of Micromachines, titled "Nanomaterials for Micro/Nanodevices", comprehensively examines the intersection of nanotechnology and micro/nanodevices [...].
Advancements In The Programmable Hyperspectral Seawater Scanner Measurement Technology For Enhanced Detection Of Harmful Algal Blooms, John J. Langan, Jungyun Bae
Advancements In The Programmable Hyperspectral Seawater Scanner Measurement Technology For Enhanced Detection Of Harmful Algal Blooms, John J. Langan, Jungyun Bae
Michigan Tech Publications
The Programmable Hyperspectral Seawater Scanner (PHySS) represents a significant breakthrough in monitoring harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting the “Florida red tide” caused by Karenia brevis. By utilizing a Fourth-Derivative Spectral Similarity Index (SI), this study establishes a strong positive correlation between the SI and phytoplankton counts, underscoring the PHySS’s potential for early detection and effective management of HABs. Our findings suggest that the PHySS could act as a predictive tool, offering crucial lead time to mitigate the ecological and economic repercussions of blooms. However, this study also identifies certain limitations of the PHySS technology, such as its inability to …
Redwater Test Data, Paul Van Susante, Kris Zacny
Redwater Test Data, Paul Van Susante, Kris Zacny
Michigan Tech Research Data
The RedWater mission is to extract water from subterranean glaciers found on Mars. Honeybee robotics has contracted the PSTDL to conduct small scale tests in order to collect data on the power consumed by a high-density cartridge heater to melt through cryogenic clear ice at Martian atmospheric pressure.
Molecular Modeling Of Phenolic Resin For Carbon-Carbon Composites, Ivan Gallegos
Molecular Modeling Of Phenolic Resin For Carbon-Carbon Composites, Ivan Gallegos
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
One of the most difficult challenges associated with space exploration is terrestrial atmospheric reentry due to the high thermal loads generated. Carbon carbon (C/C) composites have been used as heat shielding materials due to their high strengthto- weight ratio and thermal properties and their applications include heat shielding for various high temperature environments. C/C composites are manufactured by polymer-infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) via cycles of curing and pyrolysis of a prepreg which can be costly and take up to several days. Thus, C/C composites ideal candidates for computationally-driven optimization techniques, such as a multiscale Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) approach, by …
Gravity Fed Hopper Flow Of Bulk Solids For Lunar Isru, Jason Bendixen Noe
Gravity Fed Hopper Flow Of Bulk Solids For Lunar Isru, Jason Bendixen Noe
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
With the return to the moon in the decade of the 2020s, there has been a renaissance of lunar technology development and innovation. This has been particularly true for the area of lunar ISRU (In-Situ Resource Utilization). One key area in ISRU that has been neglected is lunar regolith storage hopper research. Many lunar regolith ISRU researchers use storage hoppers in their work but do not document the properties when designing the hoppers or do not have the information at hand. Because of this, hopper design and documentation are poorly understood, and more research is needed. Hoppers are vital for …