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Articles 211 - 240 of 1204
Full-Text Articles in Aerospace Engineering
Assessing General Propulsion Architectures For Fast Transit Times To Mars For Crewed Missions, Vivek Bhatt
Assessing General Propulsion Architectures For Fast Transit Times To Mars For Crewed Missions, Vivek Bhatt
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
As NASA and commercial contractors, such as SpaceX, continue to develop their programs with Artemis and Starship, respectively, it is becoming more and more apparent that the program developments are ultimately for finding a way to put humans onto Mars. However, when we approach the current timeline of going to Mars, it usually involves a 6-9 month one way trip. Due to this, human spaceflight to Mars becomes more dangerous as exposure to affects such as solar radiation, long exposure to low gravity fields, and isolation. These are some of the many hazards that come with interplanetary space travel for …
Design Of A Safe And Sustainable Airplane For Future, Henil Patel, Carlie Vogt, Matthew Talty, Jemimah Davies, Kyle Smothers, Mellisa Pritchet
Design Of A Safe And Sustainable Airplane For Future, Henil Patel, Carlie Vogt, Matthew Talty, Jemimah Davies, Kyle Smothers, Mellisa Pritchet
Sustainability Conference
As a part of Airplane Preliminary Design course, this Design Note estimates the capabilities, performance, and stability behaviors of our conceptual airplane design, Boeing 7S7 – Sanctum prior to proceeding to the preliminary stage. This aircraft seeks to create a solution to achieving Net Zero Emissions by 2050 and increasing the safety measures. The design of this aircraft uses various analytical methods such as the DAPCA IV model, other methods were derived from design books. This design involved the use of software such as CATIA, VSP, SURFACES, Microsoft Excel, and Python. Results demonstrates that this aircraft is able to fly …
The Future Of Flying: An Exploration Of New Aircraft Design And Energy Required To Support Advanced Air Mobility – Part 3, Sarah Nilsson
The Future Of Flying: An Exploration Of New Aircraft Design And Energy Required To Support Advanced Air Mobility – Part 3, Sarah Nilsson
Publications
Lecture exploring new aircraft design and energy required to support advanced air mobility.
Unleaded Fuel For General Aviation, Carolina Anderson, Laura Garcia
Unleaded Fuel For General Aviation, Carolina Anderson, Laura Garcia
Sustainability Conference
The Clean Air Act, passed in the late 1970s, mandating the removal of lead from most fuels due its detrimental effects on public health, yet piston-driven aircraft continue to rely on leaded aviation gas (AvGas 100LL). This fuel remains the last lead-containing fuel regulated by the Department of Transportation (DOT). Lead, added as tetraethyl lead (TEL), enhances octane levels and prevents engine detonation, vital for high-compression aircraft engines. In response to the health effects, regulating bodies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have tightened lead standards and are assessing the risk posed by AvGas. Research links even low-level lead exposure …
The Future Of Flying: An Exploration Of New Aircraft Design And Energy Required To Support Advanced Air Mobility – Part 2, Sarah Nilsson
The Future Of Flying: An Exploration Of New Aircraft Design And Energy Required To Support Advanced Air Mobility – Part 2, Sarah Nilsson
Publications
Lecture exploring new aircraft design and energy required to support advanced air mobility.
The Future Of Flying: An Exploration Of New Aircraft Design And Energy Required To Support Advanced Air Mobility – Part 1, Sarah Nilsson
The Future Of Flying: An Exploration Of New Aircraft Design And Energy Required To Support Advanced Air Mobility – Part 1, Sarah Nilsson
Publications
Lecture exploring new aircraft design and energy required to support advanced air mobility.
In-Situ Characterization And Machine Learning Applications For Composite Processing, Pragathi Agraharam Chan
In-Situ Characterization And Machine Learning Applications For Composite Processing, Pragathi Agraharam Chan
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Numerous aircraft and spacecrafts utilize carbon fiber-reinforced polymer structures to significantly enhance their operational efficiency and overall performance. Autoclave composite processing offers a solution for the intricate design of complex structures. However, the rapid temperature and strain fluctuations experienced during the processing gives rise to a multitude of defects and residual stresses in the composite. In this study, we have devised an in-situ methodology that leverages Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and Machine Learning Applications to effectively observe and track defect deformations occurring throughout the process. This process presents a dataset derived from the curing process of 40 carbon fiber-reinforced polymer …
Model Predictive Control For Autonomous Landing In Complex Scenarios, Konstantinos Sotirakos
Model Predictive Control For Autonomous Landing In Complex Scenarios, Konstantinos Sotirakos
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The autonomous flight industry is ever-expanding and continuing to push the boundaries of what is possible within the limitations of technology. Multiple companies are exploring the use of autonomous flight for intra-city travel with air taxi services and package delivery vehicles. Other companies are exploring the use of autonomous vehicles for military applications, such as Sikorsky with a next generation Black Hawk helicopter to ensure the safety of soldiers in high threat or altogether dangerous scenarios. In this thesis model predictive control (MPC) algorithms are developed to enable a quadcopter to operate and land autonomously in challenging environments. Specifically, MPC …
Dynamic Estimation Of Large-Scale Flow Events In Open Cavity Flows, Alexandre Mota
Dynamic Estimation Of Large-Scale Flow Events In Open Cavity Flows, Alexandre Mota
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Flow over an open cavity has a dynamically complex flowfield, generating pressure fluctuations that can amplify shear stress and cause structural damage to the stores within it and the aircraft as a whole. These pressure loads are linked to large-scale resonant shear layer phenomena. Consequently, it is crucial to establish this link by characterizing the large-scale flow events conditional upon pressure measurements to improve the prediction and control of the detrimental pressure fluctuations. In this study, a link between the pressure measurements (to control) and large-scale shear layer events (to actuate) will be established using a combination of two data-driven …
Adaptive Control And Estimation Of The Center Of Mass Of A 5-Degree-Of-Freedom Spacecraft Testbed, Pol Fontdegloria Balaguer
Adaptive Control And Estimation Of The Center Of Mass Of A 5-Degree-Of-Freedom Spacecraft Testbed, Pol Fontdegloria Balaguer
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
In space applications, on-ground experimentation is an essential step in control algorithm validation before real mission application. However, on-ground conditions greatly differ from space ones, where satellites operate under extremely low gravity and friction conditions. A common way to simulate these conditions is with air-bearing-based testbeds. These testbeds reduce friction significantly to almost space-like conditions. Air-bearing technology can provide virtually frictionless translational and rotational motion. However, when frictionless rotational motion is achieved, the testbed becomes highly sensible gravity torque. This external torque is produced by the offset between the predetermined geometrical center of rotation (CoR) and the center …
Ridds: Removal Of Irregular Debris Using Double Nets, Kayann Coote
Ridds: Removal Of Irregular Debris Using Double Nets, Kayann Coote
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The quantity of debris in Earth’s orbit is increasing at an alarming rate, and without a sustainable solution, this will detriment the space environment, impacting the future of space travel and space traffic management. While numerous debris removal concepts and designs have been proposed, very few have made it to actual flight tests, and none can remove debris at a fast enough rate to stop debris growth. For debris currently in orbit, most proposed systems are costly on a large scale and cannot adapt to the wide variety of debris shape and geometry and tumbling. The purpose of the proposed …
Contributions To The Understanding Of Turbulent Boundary Layers Over Curved Walls, Nicholas Zhu
Contributions To The Understanding Of Turbulent Boundary Layers Over Curved Walls, Nicholas Zhu
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
A wind tunnel campaign was conducted to investigate the DARPA Suboff boundary layer. To emphasize the axisymmetric boundary layer, the generic submarine model's sail, appendages, and propeller were omitted. The study focused on the afterbody from 70–95% of the model length to examine the concurrent pressure gradient and wall curvature effects, which are commonplace in engineering. Three particle image velocimetry (PIV) configurations were employed to measure the boundary layer in detail: one spanned the entire afterbody, another had narrow strips sampled at 16 kHz, and the third used two simultaneous orthogonal measurement planes. Considerable effort was made to reduce the …
Heat Transfer To Arrays Of Oscillating Impingement Jets, Alex Q. Clay
Heat Transfer To Arrays Of Oscillating Impingement Jets, Alex Q. Clay
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
In gas turbine engines, the desire to increase turbine entry temperatures has become more relevant in order to increase engine efficiency. However, materials used in these engines can only withstand temperatures that are so high. Because of this, the ability to cool hot section components will always limit operating temperatures. Impingement cooling jets have become a common way of cooling due to the high rates of heat transfer that can be achieved. However, previous research has shown that the interaction of impingement jets with cylinder wake can improve the intensity and uniformity of heat transfer. The goal of this study …
Bi-Modal Excitation Of A Supersonic Rectangular Jet, Benjamin Malczewski
Bi-Modal Excitation Of A Supersonic Rectangular Jet, Benjamin Malczewski
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
This work addresses the issue of supersonic rectangular jet noise via bi-modal excitation. A Mach 1.5 heated rectangular jet with a 2:1 aspect ratio is considered. Theoretical work is presented in which a Reduced-Order Model (ROM) is used in conjunction with the Linearized Euler Equations to predict the nonlinear growth and decay of various frequencies due to the interaction between harmonically related modes and the mean flow. Scope is limited to a symmetric disturbance. The case of no interaction is used to help identify a dominant coherent structure, referred to as “f”. For the symmetric disturbance, a Strouhal number of …
A New Trajectory In Uav Safety: Leveraging Reinforcement Learning For Distance Maintenance Under Wind Variations, Xiaolin Xu, Jeffrey Sun
A New Trajectory In Uav Safety: Leveraging Reinforcement Learning For Distance Maintenance Under Wind Variations, Xiaolin Xu, Jeffrey Sun
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research
In the field of aviation, safety is a critical cornerstone, and the operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems is deeply connected with this principle. A thorough analysis and rigorous simulation and testing of aircraft systems are essential to avoid severe safety hazards. This paper delves into the safety issue in UAV operations, specifically regarding maintaining minimum safety distances under fluctuating wind conditions. The study introduces a novel solution based on a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) model, a reinforcement learning method. The DDPG model was trained using a simulated environment created through the Gazebo simulator, with values for wind …
An Enhanced Deep Autoencoder For Flight Delay Prediction, Desmond B. Bisandu, Dan Andrei Soviani-Sitoiu, Irene Moulitsas
An Enhanced Deep Autoencoder For Flight Delay Prediction, Desmond B. Bisandu, Dan Andrei Soviani-Sitoiu, Irene Moulitsas
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research
Accurate and timely flight delay prediction cannot be overemphasized because of the ever-increasing demand for air travel and its importance in deploying intelligent transportation systems. Nonetheless, there has not been a universal solution to the problem, as more intelligent flight decision systems are required for the aviation industry's future growth. Existing flight delay classification and prediction approaches are mainly shallow traffic models and do not satisfy many applications in the real world. Our motivation to rethink the deep architecture model for predicting flight delays emanates from the problem. In this research, we proposed a technique that modified stacked autoencoder architecture …
Space Radiation Assessment And Mitigation: Meeting The Growing Demand For Shielding Solutions By Enhancing Models And Exploring Novel Shielding Opportunities, M. Laura Sorgi Johann
Space Radiation Assessment And Mitigation: Meeting The Growing Demand For Shielding Solutions By Enhancing Models And Exploring Novel Shielding Opportunities, M. Laura Sorgi Johann
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The rapid growth of satellite technology and the increasing presence of vulnerable technology and human life in space have highlighted the need for improved shielding materials. Industry standard protocols for shielding are being pushed to their limits as we gain a deeper understanding of the harsh space environment and as chip sizes approach the scale of radiation wavelengths. Furthermore, the commercialization of space is attracting interest from industries such as pharmaceuticals and semiconductor crystal growing, as they explore the potential benefits of zero-gravity production environments. However, the eagerness to develop lighter shielding and the lack of consideration for existing tools …
Vertiport Ventures: Assessing Operational Feasibility For Evtol Integration In São Paulo’S Helipad And Heliport Infrastructure, Peter E. O'Reilly, Ramy A. Rahimi, Jorge Luiz Rosa Marques, Marco Aurélio Feitosa De A. L. Babadopulos1
Vertiport Ventures: Assessing Operational Feasibility For Evtol Integration In São Paulo’S Helipad And Heliport Infrastructure, Peter E. O'Reilly, Ramy A. Rahimi, Jorge Luiz Rosa Marques, Marco Aurélio Feitosa De A. L. Babadopulos1
Publications
The objective of this study is to assess the operational viability of introducing Electric Vertical Take-Of and Landing (eVTOL) vehicles in São Paulo and its metropolitan area, utilizing existing helipads and helicopter infrastructure. eVTOL aircraft, capable of vertical take-of and landing like helicopters, difer from traditional helicopters in their propulsion systems, with eVTOLs typically featuring multiple smaller electric motor-driven propulsion units instead of internal combustion engines and mechanical transmissions (Schuchardt et al. 2023). The study specifcally targets eVTOLs with the capacity to transport a minimum of four passengers and one pilot for distances of at least 50 km. Appendix provides …
Optimization Of A Plate Beam System For Energy Harvesting Using A Piezoelectric Material, Jose Manuel Almendros Espantaleon
Optimization Of A Plate Beam System For Energy Harvesting Using A Piezoelectric Material, Jose Manuel Almendros Espantaleon
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
With a continuously growing demand for power, driven by the need to reduce our environmental footprint, this research provides an examination of the potential of energy harvesting with smart materials technology and its practical applications. The energy harvesting system considered here works on generating energy through vibrations of a piezoelectric material beam which will undergo sustained vibrations due to flow of air over its surface. It is assumed that sustained limit cycle oscillations of this system will occur at the flutter velocity. This research creates an optimization framework to obtain the best values of parameters that will result in the …
Assessing The Impact Of Spacecraft Fragmentation In The Cislunar Region, Marta Lopez Castro
Assessing The Impact Of Spacecraft Fragmentation In The Cislunar Region, Marta Lopez Castro
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
In the last decades, space missions have followed great advancements due to technological improvements and the extensive research developed in the field. Some of these missions are increasingly focusing on satellites orbiting the Moon. The Cislunar region is known to have a higher non-linear chaotic component in the dynamics compared to the low-Earth environment. This research is focused on studying the impact that a satellite explosion has in the Cislunar vicinity. The study is conducted for different periodic orbits that are key destinations for Cislunar traffic. By varying the initial conditions, simulations of explosions at different locations of the orbits …
Additively Manufactured Flexible Piezoelectric Wave-Based Multifunctional Sensor, Rishikesh Srinivasaraghavan Govindarajan
Additively Manufactured Flexible Piezoelectric Wave-Based Multifunctional Sensor, Rishikesh Srinivasaraghavan Govindarajan
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The demand for acoustic wave-based sensors has rapidly increased in the aerospace, chemical, gas, and biological fields due to their versatility in sensing measurands. This study aims to develop a flexible piezoelectric sensor exhibiting enhanced piezoelectric properties using additive manufacturing techniques that can detect mechanical strains and gas or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by incorporating functional material into the sensing layer. This research explores piezoelectric substrate fabrication through diverse additive manufacturing techniques, including new material development made of polymer/nano-fillers with electrodes that are filled using different printing techniques. Notably, the design of the interdigital transducer (IDT) in the piezoelectric sensor …
Sliding Mode Control With Chattering Reduction, Suryamshu Ramesh
Sliding Mode Control With Chattering Reduction, Suryamshu Ramesh
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Sliding Mode Control is a powerful nonlinear control methodology that can handle parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. However, the discontinuous and high-frequency switching nature of the control law introduces the chattering phenomenon, which leads to potential actuator degradation, alterations to the desired response characteristics and, sometimes, instability during control implementation. The main objective of this thesis is to study Sliding Mode Control with chattering reduction. The Sliding Mode Control law involves an equivalent control component and a discontinuous control component. A disturbance estimation is performed based on Lyapunov analysis and adaptive control techniques and then included in the control law …
Analysis Of Wingtip Vortex Structure Generated By Bio-Inspired Winglets, D'Zahn A. Smith
Analysis Of Wingtip Vortex Structure Generated By Bio-Inspired Winglets, D'Zahn A. Smith
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Bio-inspired winglets were studied with the goal of better understanding the structure of the wingtip vortices they generate. Measurements of the tip vortex were previously carried out using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (sPIV). The bio-inspired winglet was tested on a rectangular NACA 0012 wing section at a 5-degree angle of attack and at a chord Reynolds number of 900,000. Velocity field measurements were recorded at 0.7 and 2 chord lengths aft of the wing’s trailing edge. Compared to the wing with no attachment and a traditional blended winglet, the bio-inspired winglet’s vortex exhibited significantly less intense flow field properties. These …
Characterization And Analysis Of Supersonic Flow Through De Laval Nozzles At Varied Design Conditions, Sarah Baird
Characterization And Analysis Of Supersonic Flow Through De Laval Nozzles At Varied Design Conditions, Sarah Baird
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
A combined numerical and experimental investigation of supersonic planar nozzles under different design conditions has been conducted. Supersonic planar nozzles are common geometries observed in supersonic wind tunnels and aircraft or rocket engines. For the important role they play in wind tunnel testing and aircraft propulsion, it is important to conduct a thorough numerical and experimental study to characterize their performance at different operating conditions. In this study, a de Laval nozzle was scanned to extract its contours and subsequently modeled to compare analytical and numerical performance expectations under design and off-design conditions. The nozzle was then installed in a …
Modeling Of Rotor Wake Vortex Dynamics And Interactions In Non-Homogenous Vertiport Environments, Garrison P. Shaw
Modeling Of Rotor Wake Vortex Dynamics And Interactions In Non-Homogenous Vertiport Environments, Garrison P. Shaw
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The current research serves to analyze and study the effects ground forces can have on the thrust performance of a propeller in multiple different configurations. The current research utilizes an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software known as OpenFOAM to generate calculate and visualize these runs. The model used for this experiment is a hybrid model that employs both a Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) and a detached eddy simulation using a hybrid Large Eddy Simulation (LES) via a KomegaSSTDDES model. This model serves to save computational time as well as allow for accurate results. The three cases run are …
Machine Learning-Based Gps Jamming And Spoofing Detection, Alberto Squatrito
Machine Learning-Based Gps Jamming And Spoofing Detection, Alberto Squatrito
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
The increasing reliance on Global Positioning System (GPS) technology across various sectors has exposed vulnerabilities to malicious attacks, particularly GPS jamming and spoofing. This thesis presents an analysis into detection and mitigation strategies for enhancing the resilience of GPS receivers against jamming and spoofing attacks. The research entails the development of a simulated GPS signal and a receiver model to accurately decode and extract information from simulated GPS signals. The study implements the generation of jammed and spoofed signals to emulate potential threats faced by GPS receivers in practical settings. The core innovation lies in the integration of machine learning …
Integrated Organizational Machine Learning For Aviation Flight Data, Michael J. Pritchard, Austin T. Walden, Paul J. Thomas
Integrated Organizational Machine Learning For Aviation Flight Data, Michael J. Pritchard, Austin T. Walden, Paul J. Thomas
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research
Increased availability of data and computing power has allowed organizations to apply machine learning techniques to various fleet monitoring activities. Additionally, our ability to acquire aircraft data has increased due to the miniaturization of small form factor computing machines. Aircraft data collection processes contain many data features in the form of multivariate time series (continuous, discrete, categorical, etc.) which can be used to train machine learning models. Yet, three major challenges still face many flight organizations: 1) integration and automation of data collection frameworks, 2) data cleanup and preparation, and 3) developing an embedded machine learning framework. Data cleanup and …
Interpersonal Skills In A Sociotechnical System: A Training Gap In Flight Decks, Kimberly Perkins, Sourojit Ghosh, Crystal Hall
Interpersonal Skills In A Sociotechnical System: A Training Gap In Flight Decks, Kimberly Perkins, Sourojit Ghosh, Crystal Hall
Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research
This research analyzed the perceptions of interpersonal skills on established aviation safety models, Crew Resource Management (CRM), and Threat and Error Management (TEM) using feedback from industry pilots. The flight deck is a sociotechnical system where much research has focused on the technical aspect, whereas we spotlight its socio aspect. The aviation industry must invest in training pilots on interpersonal skills to enhance safety through increased efficacy of safety models integrated throughout existing training programs. A 34-question survey was disseminated across both commercial and business aviation pilots (N=822). We explored three research questions regarding pilots’ perceived training on interpersonal skills …
Development Of Eagle3d Solver For Wall Modeled Les Of Transonic Flows, Spencer Moore
Development Of Eagle3d Solver For Wall Modeled Les Of Transonic Flows, Spencer Moore
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Wall modeled Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is an area of interest due to its ability to lower computational costs of LES simulation. Even with the application of wall models, LES still proves to have practicality issues when it comes to use in industry, due to the expertise, time, and computational resources required to get results. A case described by an axisymmetric transonic bump is explored utilizing the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Universities in house unstructured finite volume multi-element CFD code, Eagle3D. Eagle3D, has been brought to the state of the art and validated against current research using this transonic bump case as …
Distributed Adaptive Control Methods For Uncertain Multiagent Systems With Coupled Dynamics, Islam Aly
Distributed Adaptive Control Methods For Uncertain Multiagent Systems With Coupled Dynamics, Islam Aly
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
For a multiagent system, a major challenge is achieving overall system stability and performance in the presence of not only uncertainties but also coupled dynamics. Another challenge for these systems is designing distributed adaptive controllers with user-assigned positions in this case and defining the convergence rate of the reference model for each agent using only local (i.e., agent-based) information. Discrete-time architectures have an advantage over their continuous counterparts as they can be directly executed on embedded hardware without the need for discretization. Yet, because of the difficulty of ensuring Lyapunov difference expressions, their designs, which are based on quadratic Lyapunov-based …