Aerospace Engineering Commons^™

Steady And Transient Study Of Conjugate Heat Transfer In Regenerative Cooled Nozzle, Khaled Bensayah, Khadidja Kamri

Emirates Journal for Engineering Research

The Heat transfer is one of the most serious challenges that exist in a supersonic nozzle flow. The combustion chamber wall and the nozzle are exposed to high-temperature gases during combustion and gas expansion, which can eventually lead to structural failure. This paper reports a computational study of steady and transient conjugate heat transfer in regenerative water cooled nozzle. Numerical computation solved Reynolds-averaged equations based on RSM-Omega turbulence model coupling with solid-phase heat conduction equation and with coolant-phase. The effect of four inlet cooled approach length 0 inch, 6 inch, 12 inch and 18 inch are studied and validated against …

Augmenting External Surface Pressures’ Predictions On Isolated Low-Rise Buildings Using Cfd Simulations, Md Faiaz Khaled, Aly Mousaad Aly

Faculty Publications

The aim of this paper is to enhance the accuracy of predicting time-averaged external surface pressures on low-rise buildings by utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. To achieve this, benchmark studies of the Silsoe cube and the Texas Tech University (TTU) experimental building are employed for comparison with simulation results. The paper is structured into three main sections. In the initial part, an appropriate domain size is selected based on the precision of mean pressure coefficients on the windward face of the cube, utilizing Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models. Subsequently, recommendations regarding the optimal computational domain size for an …

State Space Modeling And Estimation Of Flexible Structure Using The Theory Of Functional Connections, Carlo Lombardi, Riccardo Bevilacqua

Student Works

In this work, we present a novel method to model the dynamics of a continuous structure based on measurements taken at discrete points. The method is conceived to provide new instruments to address the problem of flexible dynamics modeling in a spacecraft, where an effective mathematical representation of the non-rigid behavior of the is of critical importance in the design of an effective and reliable attitude estimation and control system. Both the measurements and the model that describes the structure can be affected by uncertainty. The purpose of the developed method is to estimate the position and the velocity of …

Mechanical Design And Fabrication Of Rotating Test Stand For Supersonic Wind Tunnel, Suren I. Sanai, Sam Groom, Peter Kim, Nandeesh Hiremath

College of Engineering Summer Undergraduate Research Program

This research project focuses on the design and manufacturing of a rotating test stand for the Cal Poly Supersonic Wind Tunnel (SSWT). In order to establish essential design parameters, the project employs compressible flow isentropic relationships to calculate the Mach number within the test section and determine static pressures. This comprehensive effort integrates preliminary design and manufacturing processes, utilizing CAD designs and a range of machinery for component fabrication, while also highlighting initial testing of the rotating test stand's ability to withstand predicted aerodynamic loads. As part of the research's future work, rigorous structural stability testing and the implementation of …

Studies Of Flowfields And Dynamic Stability Characteristics Of A Quadrotor, Engin Baris

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Electric multirotor air vehicles have become a pervasive technology and research topic in industry, academia, and daily life, and small quadrotors are one of the most preferred designs in the multirotor marketplace. However, the configuration of the quadrotors makes aerodynamic interaction effects one of the key factors of the vehicle performance in both hover and non-axial forward flight conditions.

In the present work, aerodynamic characteristics of the cross-configured small quadrotor in hover, edgewise, and maneuvering flight modes were investigated in detail by performing static and dynamic wind tunnel tests at various RPM levels, wind speeds, pitch and yaw angles, and …

A New Empirical Law For The Prediction Of The Zero-Lift Pitching Moment Coefficient Of Swept And Tapered Wings, Mondher Yahyaoui

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

A new empirical law for the prediction of the zero-lift pitching moment coefficient of trapezoidal wings with linear twist and constant taper and sweep in subsonic flow is introduced. This law is quite general in that it does not rely on the use of charts and spans the normal range of values of taper ratio, aspect ratio, and sweep for subsonic aircraft. It does not, however, accommodate different airfoils along the wingspan and only positive sweep has been considered. The empirical law was first derived for the incompressible regime and then an additional empirical law for the compressibility effect has …

An Analysis Of Aerodynamic Design Issues Of Box-Wing Aircraft, Paul Jemitola, Paul Okonkwo

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The potential of the joined/box-wing aircraft as an environmentally friendly airliner that is capable of meeting current and future emission thresholds led to the investigation of this concept. This study reviews the evolution and current trends in the aerodynamic design of the box-wing aircraft with specific emphasis on box-wing theory, airfoil characteristics, and aerodynamic issues of the box-wing aircraft. The study was undertaken to highlight the distinct features of the box-wing configuration which make it very attractive for future airliners. The study reveals that the box-wing aircraft possesses a significant aerodynamic advantage over conventional aircraft. The box-wing aircraft configuration is …

A Framework And Approach For Leveraging Unsteady Response In Turbocompressor Flowfields, Eric M. Krivitzky

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Turbomachinery is an essential technology in the transfer of mechanical work to or from a fluid stream. Forming a cornerstone component in nearly all electrical energy production and air transportation propulsion systems, turbomachinery also accounts for significant en- ergy transfer due to its omnipresence in fluid handling, including water pumping and pro- cess machinery. As system designers look towards optimized arrangements that enhance system flexibility to highly variable conditions, increase the density of energy transfer, and reduce the amount of lost work, the performance and operability demands on turbomachin- ery components continue to increase. For turbocompressors, a turbomachinery subtype that …

The Performance Of A Liquid-Fueled High Pressure Igniter For Scramjets, Gerardo Rodriguez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Ignition systems within scramjet combust ors remain a trending topic of research because of the essential role they play in the engine's operation. An alternative to currently researched ignition systems is investigated in this study with the main goal of u tilizing the same liquid fuel as the mai n combustion chamber for the ignition system itself. In this case, JetA fuel was injected in a liquid jet in crossflow configuration with air to atomize the fuel. To characterize this ignition system, metrics such as combustion chamber pressure rise, pulse frequency, and jet penetration were used to validate possible utilization …

A High-Pressure Shock Tube Study Of Hydrogen And Ammonia Addition To Natural Gas For Reduced Carbon Emissions In Power Generation Gas Turbines, Michael Pierro

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Ignition delay times from undiluted mixtures of natural gas (NG)/H2/Air and NG/NH3/Air were measured using a high-pressure shock tube at the University of Central Florida. The combustion temperatures were experimentally tested between 1000-1500 K near a constant pressure of 25 bar. Mixtures were kept undiluted to replicate the same chemistry pathways seen in gas turbine combustion chambers. Recorded combustion pressures exceeded 200 bar due to the large energy release, hence why these were performed at the high-pressure shock tube facility. The data is compared to the predictions of the NUIGMech 1.1 mechanism for chemical kinetic model validation and refinement. An …

Flow Induced Vibration In Corrugated Metal Flexhoses, Patrick Tran

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study on flow-induced vibration provides valuable insights into the fundamental dynamics of fluid-structure interactions. The findings contribute to the development of predictive models and design guidelines for engineering systems susceptible to flow-induced vibration. By improving our understanding of this phenomenon, engineers can enhance the safety and reliability of various structures subjected to fluid flow, such as pipelines, flexhoses, and bellows. Flowinduced vibration is a phenomenon that occurs when fluid flow interacts with a structure, leading to oscillations and potentially causing mechanical damage. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and predicting the vibration characteristics is crucial for the design and safe operation …

A Study Of The Influence Of Heat Flux On Aerodynamics In Hypersonic Flow, Kristina Pionessa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This study investigates the utilization of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate aerodynamic heating effects in support of research and design endeavors. The initial investigation demonstrates the effectiveness of a computational approach in analyzing different geometries and flow conditions. Specifically, CFD is employed to analyze the aerodynamics of a blunt cone, double cone, and hypersonic leading edge experiencing a changing heat source across the flow/body boundary. At the stagnation point, maximum thermal loading occurs as previously found; therefore, boundary layer thickness and shock standoff distance is measured at that position to compare the results of each case. Characteristics such as …

The Effects Of Microgravity On The Development Of Osteoporosis, Jackson Asiatico

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Previous research has identified a potential link between microgravity conditions and the onset of osteoporosis, a connection that stems from altered fluidic pathways crucial in nutrient dispersion and cell stimulation. Specifically, the absence of mechanical loading in space environments reduces fluid shear stress, thereby disrupting the normal flow of interstitial fluid in trabecular bone. This disruption greatly impacts the functionality of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, the vital cells responsible for maintaining healthy bones. The focus of this study aims to explore the impact of microgravity on bone loss in astronauts, establishing the connection between the lack of mechanical loading and the …

A Study Of The Performance Of Wind Turbines Fitted With Sprayed Liquid Flaps, Alexander Spitzer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Lift generating technologies are often considered a potential solution to increased power generation and reliability within wind turbine design. The Sprayed Liquid Flap (SLF) is a novel active control method that has shown success in providing lift generation on aircraft wings, but its application in the context of rotating flows is unexplored. This research aims to understand the effects of the SLF on a wind turbine and provide a pathway for future exploration of its aerodynamic impacts on rotating flows. Computational Fluid Dynamics with an Euler-Euler multiphase approach is employed to assess the influence of the SLF on a wind …

Towards Cfd Investigations Into Particulate Air Pollution Of A Desert Urban Environment, Prosun Roy

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This dissertation has explored computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques for studying particulate air quality in the Las Vegas urban area. The dissertation is based on three research tasks:

• • High time-resolution fenceline air quality sensing and dispersion modeling for environmental justice-centered source attribution. (Chapter 2)
• • Pollen dispersion and deposition in real-world urban settings: A computational fluid dynamic study. (Chapter 3)
• • Effects of urban canopy parameterizations on modeling pollen dispersion and exposure. (Chapter 4)

In Chapter 2, we investigate the facilitation of low-cost air quality sensors (LCAQS) and CFD technique on exposure assessment of environmental justice (EJ) communities and …

Experimental And Computational Aerodynamic Studies Of Axially-Oriented Low-Fineness-Ratio Cylinders, Forrest Miller

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

For the successful completion of atmospheric entry, descent, and landing (EDL) missions, a body geometry must be selected which provides favorable dynamic aerodynamic properties. The types of experimental facilities capable of collecting information on these properties are limited; however, their numbers are growing thanks to the continued work by the aerodynamics community. NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) is conducting dynamic aerodynamic testing using a subsonic magnetic suspension and balance system (MSBS), with the end goal of implementing a supersonic MSBS facility at NASA Glenn Research Center. MSBSs are also currently used at the Institute of Fluid Science (IFS) at Tohoku …

The Influence Of Mixing Duct Length And Phase Of Flight On Wall Temperatures Of A Rocket Based Combined Cycle Engine In Ejector And Air-Augmented Modes, Jonathan Grow

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) engines have been theorized as a possible means of powering launch vehicles and high-speed atmospheric vehicles. By incorporating aspects of both air-breathing and rocket propulsion, RBCC engines promise up to a 230 % increase in specific impulse over traditional chemical rocket propulsion by entraining a secondary flow of atmospheric air and mixing it with the exhaust of a rocket motor. Students within the Embry-Riddle Future Space Explorers and Developers Society (ERFSEDS) identified a
problem of excessive heating and structural failure of the mixing duct during launch and transonic flight of a student-built flight test vehicle. …

Coupled Boundary Conditions For Modeling Airbreathing Engines, Adam Louis Waldemarson

Master's Theses

Modeling the flight conditions of an aircraft that utilizes an airbreathing propulsion system necessitates a method to account for the increase in energy introduced into the flow. Current methods for modeling engines either assign fixed conditions on flat faces on the intake and exhaust through a manual process with the use of external models or attempt to model the flow through the engine within the simulation using complex and computationally expensive geometry and solvers. The method presented attempts to provide an intermediate option to model airbreathing engines through coupling the intake and exhaust boundary conditions with a parametric engine model. …

Solving Supersonic Flows Using The Method Of Integral Relations In Python, Eddie Hsieh

Master's Theses

This thesis presents a modern approach to the Method of Integral Relations implemented in the Python programming language. This work is based on South's reports on solving supersonic conical flows and Belotserkovskii's publications on solving supersonic flows over blunt bodies. The Python SciPy library is extensively used in this thesis. A root finder module is used to perform South's solution process, and the Runge-Kutta ODE solver with dense output is implemented to replicate Belotserkovskii's solution process. The implementation of Python makes the development efficient and serves as an open-source framework for future work to build on. This work focuses on …

Computational Analysis Of Steady Hypersonic Flow Fields Of Nasa Benchmark Geometries Utilizing Ansys Fluent, Aidan Murphy

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

The Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation (HIFiRE) program explores and advances hypersonic aerospace systems by developing a multitude of test flight geometries and conducting experimental test flights to obtain data for use in validation of computational models and results. This study focuses on computational validation of heat flux, and calculation of static pressure profiles, skin friction coefficient profiles, and flow contours. The flow fields studied are for Mach number 7.18 and angles of attack (α) of 0° & 2°. These flow fields include many compressible flow features such as an expansion wave at the intersection of the cone and flat …

Simulating Condensation In The Theory Of Classical Nucleation, David Vallet

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The scope of this thesis is to numerically investigate condensation that occurs in transonic and supersonic flows. Condensation shocks are a phenomenon that occurs within converging-diverging nozzles. There are many applications forconverging-diverging nozzles, such as thermovapour compressors (TVC), which are largely used for desalination. As water resources become more precious within the western United States there is a need to develop cost effective solutions for cleaning water. Steam generator power stations are another application where enhanced simulations and accuracy of design could improve efficiency and save on carbon emissions. Traditionally, numerical designs of transonic flows have been conducted with either …

Investigation Of Dynamic Hybrid Rans-Les Turbulence Modeling For Cfd Simulation Of A Normal Jet In Crossflow, Cole Simmonds

Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The jet in crossflow is a canonical flow feature in many natural and engineered systems, ranging from pollutant dispersal in exhaust discharge to film cooling of high-temperature components in modern propulsion systems. The ability to computationally predict the flow features of jets in crossflow accurately and efficiently is therefore important for analysis and design for a wide variety of applications. In this study the capabilities of the dynamic hybrid RANS-LES (DHRL) turbulence modeling technique are investigated and compared to an industry standard Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model (k-omega SST) in order to quantify the accuracy and computational cost of the two approaches. …

Mathematical Modeling: Finite Element Analysis And Computations Arising In Fluid Dynamics And Biological Applications, Jorge Reyes

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

It is often the case when attempting to capture real word phenomena that the resulting mathematical model is too difficult and even not feasible to be solved analytically. As a result, a computational approach is required and there exists many different methods to numerically solve models described by systems of partial differential equations. The Finite Element Method is one of them and it was pursued herein.This dissertation focuses on the finite element analysis and corresponding numerical computations of several different models. The first part consists of a study on two different fluid flow models: the main governing model of fluid …

Superfly Amphibian, Devonte Andrews, Ahmed Hamza, Kwesi Onumah, Eva Sanchez

Senior Design Project For Engineers

Following a Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) mission profile, this seaplane is designed to carry 19 passengers and 1 flight crew with a range of 200 nautical miles. The seaplane is equipped with two turbo-prop engines and is economically comparable to current seaplanes in terms of servicing and operating expenses. The aircraft is capable of operating in remote locations with limited infrastructure due to its STOL abilities, allowing for increased access to difficult-to-reach areas. The seaplane's design incorporates modern materials and technologies to enhance efficiency, safety, and comfort for passengers and crew. The aircraft's versatility and cost-effectiveness make it an …

A Simulation Of The Impacts Of Climate Change On Civil Aircraft Takeoff Performance, Thomas D. Pellegrin

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Climate change affects the near-surface environmental conditions that prevail at airports worldwide. Among these, air density and headwind speed are major determinants of takeoff performance, and their sensitivity to global warming carries potential operational and economic implications for the commercial air transport industry. Previous archival and prospective research observed a weakening in headwind strength and predicted an increase in near-surface temperatures, respectively, resulting in an increase in takeoff distances and weight restrictions. The main purpose of the present study was to update and generalize the extant prospective research using a more representative sample of worldwide airports, a wider range of …

Numerical Modeling Of Synthetic Vortical Disturbance Interactions Using Openfoam, Ahmed Bilal

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Nowadays, the number of Advance Air Mobility (AAM) Electic Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) concepts is rapidly increasing due to their capability of vertical take-off and landing at vertiports located on rooftops of tall urban buildings, which does not require using the ground space in a condensed urban environment. Such flight operations, however, will be greatly affected by the vertiport’s highly unsteady, turbulent flow environment. The goal of this study is to model the turbulent wind interaction with a building to understand the unsteady flow characteristics around vertiports and match the induced unsteady disturbance field to the canonical disturbance forms, …

The Linearized Euler Equations For Predicting Supersonic Jet Noise Of A Rectangular Jet Using Openfoam, Patrick Good

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

This thesis presents a Linearized Euler Equation (LEE) solver that was developed for OpenFOAM. OpenFOAM is an open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package that is widely used by industry and academia. The LEE’s are a set of equations used in Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA). The LEE’s can solve for the acoustic solution directly and quickly. The solver developed, named leeFoam, was tested against analytical solutions to verify accuracy and then was utilized to predict the acoustics of a heated supersonic rectangular jet. The rectangular jet (RJET) results were compared against experimental data.

The results from this work show that OpenFOAM can …

Understanding The Structure Of Wing Tip Vortices Of Bio-Inspired Winglets, Greeshma C. Daniel

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Bio-inspired wing tip devices were investigated with the goal of improving the fuel efficiency of subsonic aircraft. Particularly, the structure of a bio-inspired winglet design based on bird feathers were tested in a low-speed wind tunnel. Particle image velocimetry (PIV), was used to study the flow field at two planes aft of the wing as the wing tip vortices developed downstream. These were time-dependent, stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (sPIV) measurements carried out at two planes located at 0.7 and 2 chord distances downstream from the wing. The structure of the wingtip vortices was compared and contrasted with that formed over …

Prediction & Active Control Of Multi-Rotor Noise, Samuel O. Afari

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

Significant developments have been made in designing and implementation of Advanced Air Mobility Vehicles (AAMV). However, wider applications in urban areas require addressing several challenges, such as safety and quietness. These vehicles differ from conventional helicopter in that they operate at a relatively lower Reynolds number. More chiefly, they operate with multiples of rotors, which may pose some issues aerodynamically, as well as acoustically. The aim of this research is to first investigate the various noise sources in multi-rotor systems. High-fidelity simulations of two in-line counter-rotating propellers in hover, and in forward flight conditions are performed. Near field flow and …

Application Of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method To Computation Of Rf Signal Degradation During Hypersonic Flight, Andrew Derubertis

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

In order to further understand the hypersonic blackout problem, the first step is to investigate models to quantify signal degradation and begin implementing these models to representative plasma sheath and flow data. This research is the first attempt at implementing a model to predict RF signal degradation through the plasma sheath surrounding the hypersonic air vehicle. The investigation is performed using a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) based flow solver. The dsmcFoam solver in the OpenFoam library is used to simulate the flow around hypersonic bodies to obtain flow field properties, most importantly the electron number density profile, to aid …