Engineering Commons^™

The Irish Plumber And Heating Contractor, May 1961 (Complete Issue)

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

The Irish Plumber And Heating Contractor, April 1961 (Complete Issue)

Building Services Engineering

No abstract provided.

A Discussion On The Durability Of Expanded Shale Aggregate For Exposed Concrete Structures (Bridges), James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

During the period between 1924 and 1934, in particular, numerous reinforced concrete bridges were built in Kentucky and elsewhere. Although many of them are still in service, they are some 30 years old and are showing the effects of time and weather. While it is true, of course, that they were constructed without the benefit of air-entrainment and without many present-day control practices, the influences of aggregate quality and freeze-thaw are usually apparent. The advent of the de-icing salt era, about 1940 and following World War II, introduced an additional deteriorating influence gnawing at old and new structures alike. The …

Criteria For Design Of Pavement Thicknesses, Kentucky Interstate Highways, William B. Drake, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The Kentucky Department of Highways, in 1946, sought a more systematic criteria and basis for designing the thickness of bituminous concrete pavements. The Research Division was authorized to pursue this work and to develop the criterion. These efforts were embodied in a report (1) to the Department, which offered a system of design based upon CBR's and EWL's. EWL's were computed originally for a 10-yr. period but this practice was revised in 1954, to encompass 20-yr. traffic (more realistic with respect to average road life). Then, in 1957, the Department requested a re-evaluation of the criteria from the standpoint of …

Experimental Paving Projects Using Curtiss-Wright’S Coal-Modified, Coal-Tar Binder [1960], James F. Hardyman

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

On April 7, 1959, the Curtiss-Wright Corporation announced the development of a new coal-based road paving binder, utilizing bituminous coal. This development was the result of their research program conducted in an effort to find new uses for coal and coal products. The basic principle used in preparing this bituminous binder was the digestion of powdered coal in coal tar and tar oils at temperatures of 500-600°F. By adjusting the proportions of tar, tar oils, and coal, binders could be prepared having penetration ranges comparable to asphalt cements. It was the intent of the developers that the modified binders be …

Proposed Specification For Bridge Paints, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

On July 30, 1958, two proposed bridge paint system specifications were submitted by this Division for Department consideration. Since that time, there have been several discussion sessions between various paint industry, representatives, members of the Department Specifications Committee, and J. H. Havens, Assistant Director of Research. Mr. Havens has been requested by the Specifications Committee to re-write one of the specifications, BASIC LEAD SILICO-CHROMATE, OIL-ALKYD PAINT SYSTEMS FOR IRON AND STEEL STRUCTURES (BRIDGES), and to prepare an additional specification covering, PHENOLIC RESIN PENETRATING LIQUID PAINT SYSTEM FOR IRON AND STEEL STRUCTURES (BRIDGES).

Bituminous Concrete Pavement Surface Damage From Soil Action, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

During the last week of August, Mr. J. S. Riley, Supervisory Construction Engineer, Area D, called our attention to a unique problem which arose during the final dressing of the most recent extension of the New Circle Road in Fayette County. Because of the uniqueness of the situation, the memo is intended to be a record of the phenomenon observed and a report of our investigation and analysis of the circumstances related thereto.

Rockcastle (Pottsville) Conglomerate Sand Evaluation In Portland Cement Concrete, Milton Evans Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In order to analyze the concrete making properties of a processed Pottsville Conglomerate Sand from Rockcastle County, Kentucky, several batches of portland cement concrete were made. Standard mixing control, strength, and durability tests as well as a short cut test to detect excessive expansion during curing were performed on the concrete. Control specimens were made utilizing an Ohio River Sand, typical for this area, as the fine aggregate. This sand which was acceptable by Kentucky Highway Department Specifications was produced by the Nugent Sand Company of Louisville, Kentucky. The sand was submitted for evaluation in this manner by the State …

Cold-Weather Concreting, Milton Evans Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In order to successfully place concrete in cold weather, certain established requirements must be met. The concrete must not be allowed to freeze, it must not be overheated by artificial means in an attempt to protect it from the cold, and proper curing conditions must be maintained during the period of protection to insure sufficient moisture for the cement to hydrate. Generally, temperatures of not less than 50°F and not more than 90°F are satisfactory. These temperatures must be maintained long enough for the concrete to develop sufficient strength to withstand freezing temperatures and to support the loads. Generally, concretes …

Camber Design Study For Concrete Pipe Culverts, Aubrey D. May

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

When a pipe culvert is constructed on or near the natural ground surface and covered by a highway fill or embankment, the weight of the embankment compresses and consolidates the foundation soil, settlement occurs, and the culvert subsides or sags below the original line as illustrated in Fig. 1. The amount of settlement depends, of course, upon the fill height or load, the depth of foundation soil, and the susceptibility of the foundation soil to consolidation. In addition, and toward the toes of the embankment, the structure may tend to lengthen. It may lengthen slightly, however, simply because the distance …

Interim Status Of Tire Service Life Study, William B. Drake

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The service life of selected, most commonly used tire sizes installed on Highway Department trucks and sedans will be evaluated. Major manufacturers and other manufacturers (later defined) products will be studied to determine average service life. One half or four highway districts (1, 2, 7 and 8) will be involved in the project and the trucks used will be selected or assigned at random in these districts (The sedans used in the study will be Central Office pool vehicles). A progress record for each tire and use record for each vehicle with regular report or measurement times to be specified …

Limestone Fine Aggregate In Portland Cement Concrete, George R. Laughlin

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Limestone is classified as a carbonaceous sedimentary rock. In general, the term is applied only to those rocks in which the carbonate fraction exceeds the non-carbonate fraction. The carbonate may be calcite and/or dolomite. In addition to the primary constituents, there are contaminating minerals such as quartz, clay minerals, chalcedony (chert and flint), pyrite, feldspars and organic matter. The clay minerals are probably the most deleterious contaminates in carbonate rock.

Investigation Of Concrete Pavement, Us 60 Between Versailles And Frankfort, William B. Drake

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A preliminary examination was made of the subject pavement on November 2, 1959, by James H. Havens and the writer, of the Research Division, and J. S. Riley, Construction Division. The discover of deleterious matter in the pavement was the major reason for the inspection. Foreign objects could be found imbedded in the concrete pavement throughout the project. However, there were a great many more in two sections, each about one quarter of a mile long, than on the rest of the project. The objects observed were wood, cloth, metal and soil. However, there was decided prevalence of soil. The …

Morton’S Gap Culvert-Pipe Installation, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The attached report, "Interim Performance Report on Morton's Gap Culvert Pipe Installation", by James H. Havens, is primarily a listing of the status of the condition of pipe still in the test and the date of failure or removal of the other sections.

Mr. Havens has prepared as background information, a brief record of the Department's practices involving pipe use for the past 10 years. He has begun with the Research Division's first study into pipe damaged by the corrosive action of acid water. This information is presented primarily because of its significance in the development of the culvert pipe …

Soviet Science And Engineering, Lewis F. Powell Jr.

Powell Speeches

No abstract provided.

Bridge Resurfacing With Silica Sand-Asphalt Mixture, Loren H. Strunk

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The bituminous section has been engaged in testing silica sand-asphalt mixtures composed of various penetration grades of asphalt and sands from sand and sandstone deposits from several different areas of the state since early this year. The purpose of this study was to develop a surfacing mixture which would provide a skid-resistant surface and which could be machine laid in thin courses.

Science And Engineering In The Ussr, Lewis F. Powell, Jr.

Powell Speeches

No abstract provided.

Skid Prevention Studies In Kentucky, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Laboratory apparatus, consisting essentially of a torque generator and a torque meter, in which a rubber annulus is driven against a plane surface of a rock core or pavement specimen, as in an ordinary friction clutch, was used to study variations in the coefficients of friction with respect to texture and material characteristics. Dry friction coefficients were found to be rather high in magnitude. and fairly constant throughout wide variations in surface textures. In contrast, wet friction coefficients were very high for rough textures but very low for polished surfaces. Wet friction values correlated in an approximately hyperbolic manner with …

Differential Thermal Analysis Of The Freeze-Thaw Mechanisms In Concrete, James H. Havens, Knox R. Burchett

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The freezing of water in concrete may create highly disruptive internal forces, depending upon the degree of saturation of the voids and the extent of the resulting dilations. Heretofore, it has not been possible to measure the internal pressures accompanying freezing; and it is this aspect of the automatic freeze-thaw testing of concrete with which the present study was concerned. By the use of thermocouples, imbedded in concrete and referenced to an ice-water bath, it was possible to plot, on an automatic multivolt potentiometer recorder, an isothermal phase change for the absorbed water, and to demonstrate a depression of the …

Recommendations For Special Specifications, Covering Basic Lead Silico-Chromate, Oil-Alkyd, Vinyl-Alkyd Paints For Bridges, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

This specification covers the material requirements for a Basic Lead Silico-Chromate, Oil-Alkyd Paint System intended for use on exterior iron and steel structures (bridges), for either new or re-paint work, except where exposed to severely corrosive conditions such as within the splash-zone from bridge decks or on other members likely to be affected by de-icing salts or persistent moisture conditions. This system shall consist of a primer-, intermediate-, and finish-coat paint as hereafter specified. Uses of the component paints other than as an integral part of this system are specifically excluded.

An Evaluation And Summary Of The 16-Year Performance Of A Concrete Test Pavement, Milton Evans Jr.

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Presented herein are a summary and evaluation of the performance of a reinforced concrete section of U.S. 27 in north central Kentucky which has been in existence since the summer of 1941. The pavement, totaling 7.89 miles, was constructed in 10 experimental test sections, as shown on the layout map in Figure 1. Five blends of cement, containing normal portland, natural, and two additives, were used with two types of coarse aggregate, limestone and gravel. Since the construction of the pavement in the summer of 1941, several reports and memoranda have been released dealing with various aspects of the over-all …

A Study Of The Use Of A Local Fly Ash In Concrete Mixes, Frank D. Whitney

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The widespread use of powdered coal in industrial furnaces has, since its introduction in the 1930's, produced considerable increases in efficiency for many industrial processes. In its wake, however, it has brought its own unique problems, and chief among these has been the problem of collecting and disposing of the residue which results from the combustion of the powdered or ground coal. This residue, known commonly as fly ash, is a nuisance if it is allowed to be dispersed into the atmosphere; and if collected it presents a difficult disposal problem. In present industrial practice it is almost always collected, …

Comparative Laboratory Evaluation And Field Observations Of A Modified Class I Base, Loren H. Strunk

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

A number of materials and methods have been used in the continuing search for a satisfactory initial bituminous treatment. Towards this end, three traffic bound roads were given initial treatment, in the summer of 1956, with three inches of Kentucky a Standard Class I Base mixture. The large size coarse aggregate -- either No. 36 or No. 48 stone -- in this mixture made the material difficult to work, however, and caused severe segregation during handling. Although a well integrated mixture of the type could have been compacted to about eight percent voids, the excessive segregation left many areas of …

A Study Of The Polishing Characteristics Of Limestone And Sandstone Aggregates In Regard To Pavement Slipperiness, William J. Stutzenberger, James H. Havens

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The coefficient of friction on dry highway surfaces regardless of stone composition and texture has in most cases been at least 0.6 or above. However, some of these same surfaces when lubricated by a small amount of water have given test results dangerously lower. Some interesting theoretical aspects of this situation are presented here along with results from a laboratory study of the fundamental factors affecting tractive friction.

A machine is described for measuring the coefficient of friction between the plane surfaces of four-inch diameter stone specimens and a rubber annulus of slightly smaller diameter. Measurements were made both wet …

An Engineering Soil Survey Of Fayette County, Kentucky, Robert C. Deen

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The need for soils data in the site selection, design, construction and maintenance of any major structure is generally appreciated by the engineer. The "rule of thumb" methods often used in developing smaller structures can prove unsatisfactory, or even disastrous, when applied to larger projects.

Hydraulic Model Studies Of Culvert Operation, Eugene M. West

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Since 1951 the Division of Research has been engaged in a comprehensive study of highway drainage problems. This study has included special investigations of rainfall and runoff, drainage structures in use and the practices used in their design, culvert hydraulics, and other relevant investigations. To date, reports have been published concerning runoff and rainfall variables (1 and 2)* and the effects of barrel roughness upon culvert operation (3), together with the preparation of a drainage manual for the use of Highway Department engineers and consultants.

The most recent special project, part of the over-all study, has dealt with the effects …

A Field And Laboratory Examination Of Weathering Effects On Petroleum And Blended Petroleum-Natural Asphalts In Paving Mixtures, Ellis G. Williams

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

The relative merits of various asphalts and asphaltic materials have been the subject of considerable controversy almost from the beginning of flexible pavement construction in this country. In this early period petroleum asphalt had not yet entered the picture and controversy centered about naturally occurring products such as Trinidad natural asphalt and impregnated stones. In 1876 Congress directed that comparative service tests be made on a rock asphalt* and a sheet asphalt containing Trinidad natural asphalt. The sheet asphalt was considered the more successful of these and thus Trinidad natural asphalt became firmly established as a paving material in this …

Analysis Of Pavement Riding Quality: A Triaxial Evaluation Of Pavement Roughness, William S. Foy

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

For the last twenty-five years considerable research has been directed toward developing reliable equipment for evaluating pavement roughness. Since roughness inhibits passenger riding comfort and safety, as well as inducing vehicle deterioration, the determination of the features that cause roughness would indicate possible improvements in pavement design, materials, construction practices and equipment. For example, certain types of base design might be found to produce smoother surfaces than others; and a construction practice such as a blade-spread leveling course might result in more uniform pavements. Then too, evaluation of pavement roughness would permit relative comparison of pavements as one of several …

The Application Of Kentucky Flexible Pavement Design Method To Washo Test Road Conditions, William B. Drake

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

In the summer of 1952 the Flexible Pavement Design Committee of the Highway Research Board began the sponsoring of a comparative design project. Several state highway departments and other organizations were invited to submit flexible pavement designs, based upon their own current practices, for the subgrade, materials, and traffic conditions of the Western Association of State Highway Officials (WASHO) test road. This road was being constructed in Malad, Idaho, through the participation of 13 western states and the Bureau of Public Roads. The Kentucky Department of Highways was one of the organizations invited to participate in the comparative design project.

A Hydraulic Analysis Of The Channel Relocation Of Stephens Creek, Eugene M. West

Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report

Recently Mr. J.O. Cornell requested the assistance of the Drainage Section of the Research Laboratory in investigating the channel that the U.S. Corps of Engineers has designed in conjunction with the raising of Dam No. 39 and the changing of the locking system. The principal reason for this investigation was to determine the effect, if any, that this project will have upon the five-span highway bridge on U.S. 42, located approximately two thousand feet upstream from the confluence of Stephens Creek and the Ohio River and at the upstream end of the new channel.