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Articles 2461 - 2490 of 2858
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Strain Energy Analysis Of Pavement Designs For Heavy Trucks, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen, Jesse G. Mayes
Strain Energy Analysis Of Pavement Designs For Heavy Trucks, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen, Jesse G. Mayes
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The first portion of this paper summarizes classical concepts of work, or strain energy, as applied to the analysis of stresses, strains, and deflections under various vehicular load configurations on pavement systems. Controlling equations for strain energy density are presented. When considering strain energy density, strain energy, or work, all components of stresses or strains must be taken into account so that total internal behavior can be evaluated. Previously, pavement thickness design systems have been developed using only a single component of strain, typically at the bottom of the asphaltic concrete layer or at the top of the subgrade. Strain …
Effects Of Construction Variations Upon Dynamic Moduli Of Asphaltic Concrete, Herbert F. Southgate
Effects Of Construction Variations Upon Dynamic Moduli Of Asphaltic Concrete, Herbert F. Southgate
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The two variables that most influence the behavior of asphaltic concrete pavements are subgrade modulus and thickness of the asphaltic concrete. Other significant variables are: temperature of the asphaltic concrete, asphaltic concrete modulus, frequency of the dynamic loading, asphalt content by weight in mix, and voids in the asphaltic concrete mix.
During a series of Road Rater tests on a experimental pavement in Kentucky, deflection test data varied widely from expected values. Test data reported by Kallas and Riley permitted the development of an equation relating asphaltic concrete modulus to its temperature and to the frequency of loading. However, after …
Mechanical Properties Of Kentucky Oil Shales As Related To Mine Design Application, Tom F. Fudge Jr., David L. Allen, Tommy C. Hopkins
Mechanical Properties Of Kentucky Oil Shales As Related To Mine Design Application, Tom F. Fudge Jr., David L. Allen, Tommy C. Hopkins
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
To develop oil shales as an alternate energy resource, it will be necessary to develop appropriate mining techniques. In this regard, the mechanical properties of the ore must be determined. Section I of this paper presents data from a laboratory study to determine these properties. Uniaxial compression tests, longitudinal frequency tests, indirect tensile tests, and triaxial tests were performed. Section II uses data from section I to design an example underground mine. Strength properties are considered in the design of roof spans and pillars. It is concluded that underground mining of Kentucky oil shale is feasible with a possible extraction …
Engineering Properties Of Kentucky Oil Shales, Vincent P. Drnevich, Tommy C. Hopkins, David L. Allen, Samuel S. Hale
Engineering Properties Of Kentucky Oil Shales, Vincent P. Drnevich, Tommy C. Hopkins, David L. Allen, Samuel S. Hale
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Excavation, handling, and the environmentally safe disposal of spent oil shale and overburden materials require a knowledge of their geotechnical engineering properties. To determine these properties a laboratory investigation of the physical and geotechnical engineering properties was made. The physical tests consisted of mechanical analyses, Atterberg Limits, and specific gravity determinations. Geotechnical properties were determined by moisture-density analyses, triaxial compression, permeability tests, slake-durability, one-dimensional compression tests, and Los Angeles abrasion. A one-dimensional compression test was devised to address the problem of placement, loading, and saturation of the spent shales and overburden materials. The compacted, unprocessed oil shales were more susceptible …
Warrants For Left-Turn Lanes, Kenneth R. Agent
Warrants For Left-Turn Lanes, Kenneth R. Agent
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Warrants for the installation of separate left-turn lanes were developed. Literature was reviewed, and policies and practices in other states were surveyed. Accident analyses of locations with and without separate left-turn lanes were conducted. Computer simulation was used to determine relationships among traffic delay, load factor, traffic volume, percent left-turns, cycle length, and cycle split. The relationship between left-turn accidents and conflicts was investigated.
Warrants were developed involving the following three general areas:
- accident experience,
- volumes (based on delay), and
- traffic conflicts.
Deflection And Evaluation Of Flexible Pavements For Design Of Overlays, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen
Deflection And Evaluation Of Flexible Pavements For Design Of Overlays, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Personnel from the University of Kentucky Transportation Research Program (KTRP) were requested by the Tennessee Transportation Center to conduct a demonstration project concerning the collection and use of deflection data (Road Rater) for evaluation of the existing condition of flexible pavements for use in overlay design. The demonstration project involved using the Road Rater to collect deflection data on specific pavement sections selected by the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT). Deflection data were evaluated in a way that provides input parameters for an overlay design procedure (see Appendix A). The Kentucky overlay design procedure was used to make recommendations concerning …
Mechanical & Engineering Properties Of A Cherty Paleozoic Material, Robert C. Deen, David L. Allen, Tommy C. Hopkins
Mechanical & Engineering Properties Of A Cherty Paleozoic Material, Robert C. Deen, David L. Allen, Tommy C. Hopkins
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The Divide Cut Section 3A of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway is located in Tishomingo County, Mississippi. Construction of this portion of the canal required the excavation of a cherty residuum. This material (hereafter referred to as cherty Paleozoic material) is a member of the Fort Payne Formation, of the Mississippian Period, of the Paleozoic era. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanical and engineering properties of the material, including its abrasiveness. Also, the mineralogy of the material was to be determined and a particular effort was made to determine if the material could be classified as Tripoli.
On …
Triaxial Compression And Permeability Tests On Dense Graded Aggregate, David L. Allen
Triaxial Compression And Permeability Tests On Dense Graded Aggregate, David L. Allen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Fifty-six dense-graded aggregate samples of crushed limestone were received from the Division of Materials. Triaxial tests and permeability tests were to be performed.
The samples were obtained from seven sources with four gradations (fine, medium, coarse, and gap) from each source and two samples of each gradation. One of the samples of each gradation was to be compacted by standard compactive effort (AASHTO T-99) and the other at modified compactive effort (AASHTO T-180). The seven sources and their identification codes are as follows:
- Martin - Marietta (59)
- Hopkinsville Stone (150)
- Nally - Hayden (112)
- Harrod - Carter (51)
- Reed Crushed …
H & V News : 21st Anniversary Issue
H & V News : 21st Anniversary Issue
Building Services Engineering
No abstract provided.
Correlation Of Road Rater And Benkelman Beam Deflections, Robert C. Deen, Gary W. Sharpe, Herbert F. Southgate
Correlation Of Road Rater And Benkelman Beam Deflections, Robert C. Deen, Gary W. Sharpe, Herbert F. Southgate
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
The Benkelman beam is commonly used to measure surace deflections of highway and airfield pavements. The Benkelman beam is based on a simple lever-arm principal and uses dial guages to measure surface deflections under an applied axleload. The Road Rater is an electro-hydraulic testing device that applies a sinusoidal force to the pavement at a fixed amplitude and frequency: surface wave velocities are measured and electronically integrated to obtain surface deflections. Road Rater and Benkelman beam deflections have been successfully simulated using elastic theory and the Chevron N-layer computer program. The analyses presented in this paper illustrate relationships between Road …
Pavement Testing -- Before And After An Overlay, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen
Pavement Testing -- Before And After An Overlay, Herbert F. Southgate, Gary W. Sharpe, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
A pavement scheduled for an overlay of 76 mm (3 inches) of asphaltic concrete on one half the project and 178 mm (7 inches) on the other half was tested and evaluated at two sites for each thickness of overlay. Precise elevations were obtained on 0.305-m (1-foot) intervals across the pavement. The Road Rater and Benkelman beam were used to determine the in-place behavior of the pavement before and after construction of the overlay. Prior to placement of the overlay, the pavements were cured to determine actual layer thicknesses, and in-place CBR tests were performed to determine actual subgrade conditions. …
Implementation Of Road Rater Deflection Testing For Pavement Evaluation And Overlay Design, Gary W. Sharpe, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen
Implementation Of Road Rater Deflection Testing For Pavement Evaluation And Overlay Design, Gary W. Sharpe, Herbert F. Southgate, Robert C. Deen
Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report
Road Rater deflection data were used to estimate the in-place subgrade strength and the in-place structural capacity of existing pavements. Pavement behavior can be expressed in terms of a reduced thickness of "reference" quality paving materials or as a reduced modulus of elasticity for the constructed thickness of asphaltic concrete. Mathematical relationships were developed making it possible to "program" the evaluation procedure (in modular form) for use with small hand calculators or minicomputers.
The pavement evaluation method has been successfully implemented in making recommendations for overlay designs for several pavement sections. Road Rater deflection data were used to estimate the …