Engineering Commons^™

Propagation And Interaction Of Gravity Currents Induced By Successive Release Of Two Lock Fluids, Khem Prasad Bhattarai, Subhas Karan Venayagamoorthy

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study investigates the dynamics of sequentially released gravity currents in a lock-exchange configuration consisting of two lock fluids using high-resolution numerical simulations and compares them with the classical single-lock exchange. The results demonstrate that, in a two-lock-fluid configuration, the overtaking of the lighter lock current by the heavier lock current alters the current's front dynamics, leading to complex velocity transitions. Before overtaking occurs, the front propagation is slower than in the classical single-lock-fluid case because of lower density contrast, but after overtaking, the heavier lock fluid accumulates at the head region of the current and enhances its speed. The …

Community Engagement Through Robotics Mentoring – Unlv, First Nv, And High School Robotics Teams, Brendan O'Toole

Community Engagement Expo Research Posters

The UNLV Robotics Mentorship program includes a two-semester course that trains students to support local high school FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC) teams. ‘ME 464 Robotics Mentoring I’ provides training in design, mentoring,  fabrication, and programming. ‘ME 465 Robotics Mentoring II’, pairs students with local high school teams to serve as technical mentors for the competition season.

Markov-Modulated Queueing Network For Mobile Traffic Aggregation With Threshold-Controlled Buffers, Anton A. Esin, Elmira Yu. Kalimulina

Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation with Applications

We study the problem of data transmission from mobile platforms operating in high-speed transit between cellular base stations, under conditions of unstable and intermittent connectivity. Conventional queueing and connectivity models often fail to capture the combined effects of rapidly changing signal conditions, finite buffer capacity, and dynamic topology. We aim to develop a tractable yet expressive model that integrates stochastic link availability, queue dynamics, and buffer control. We propose a mathematical framework based on queues whose service intensities are modulated by a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) representing signal conditions along a high-speed trajectory. The core subsystem is a two-stage (aggregation …

Neutrosophic Sets In Neural Networks: Theory, Applications, And Challenges, Vladimir Simic, Dragan Pamucar, Hafiz Muhammad Athar Farid

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

The integration of neutrosophic sets into neural networks presents a novel approach to handling uncertainty, indeterminacy, and falsity in data. Traditional neural networks typically operate under the assumption of precise and complete data, but real-world applications often involve noisy, incomplete, or ambiguous information. Neutrosophic sets extend fuzzy logic by incorporating three components: truth, indeterminacy, and falsity, allowing for a more nuanced representation of uncertain data. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of neutrosophic sets and their integration with neural networks, highlighting the challenges in computational complexity, training, and optimization. The paper also discusses the potential applications of neutrosophic neural networks …

Neutrosophic Probability With Dynamic Temporal Uncertainty (Nptu), Bhimraj Basumatary, Ashoke Kumar Brahma

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces Neutrosophic Probability with Dynamic Temporal Uncertainty (NPTU), an extension of classical neutrosophic probability that incorporates the dimension of time. In classical neutrosophic probability, the degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity are considered static. However, real-world uncertainties evolve, and their degrees change as new information becomes available. NPTU models these uncertainties dynamically, allowing for more accurate decision-making in time-varying environments. The paper explores key mathematical properties of NPTU, including entropy, distance measures, similarity measures, and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, to quantify and compare temporal uncertainty states. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study on stock price prediction, …

Emergent Operator Logic: A Foundational Framework For Dynamic Reasoning And Generative Intelligence, Mona Gharib, Abduallah Gamal, Muhammad Nawaz, Basma Nasir

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces Emergent Operator Logic (EOL), a framework that treats propositions as continuous operators $F_p:X \rightarrow X$ on a complete metric state space $( X,d )$ and evaluates truth after action via a continuous valuation $V:X \rightarrow [ 0,1 ]$. Logical composition is realized by three operator-level connectives: sequential $p \circ q$(causal order), parallel $p\parallel q$(1-Lipschitz cooperative blend), and the emergent synthesis $E( p,q ) = \frac12( F_p \circ F_q + F_q \circ F_p )$, which symmetrizes non-commuting actions. We provide a Hilbert-style proof system (sound), an algebraic semantics via E-algebras, and show that the category of E-algebras is …

Double-Valued Complex Neutrosophic Graphs, Suriyakumar G, V. J. Sudhakar, Takaaki Fujita

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

This paper introduces a novel graph-theoretic framework, called the double-valued complex neutrosophic graph, as an extension of double-valued neutrosophic set theory. Within this framework, we investigate several important classes of such graphs, including self-complementary, strong, and full double-valued complex neutrosophic graphs, and establish a number of their fundamental properties. To clarify the proposed concepts and demonstrate their structural behavior, several relevant illustrative examples are also provided.

A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach For Sustainable Forest Fire Monitoring Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Mohamed Eassa, Ahmed Abdelhafeez, Ahmad M. Nagm

Neutrosophic Systems with Applications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an effective tool for forest fire monitoring. This study evaluates UAVs for forest fire management, addressing the challenges posed by ambiguous and uncertain factors. Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) are employed to model complex uncertainties, as they incorporate three distinct membership values: false, true, and indeterminate. The evaluation of UAVs is a multifaceted task due to the variety of factors involved. To address this complexity, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are used. Specifically, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) are integrated with SVNS to …

The Role Of Transformable Facade Technologies In Enhancing The Architectural Environment Quality In Educational Buildings, Waad Marawan Elashry, Ahmed Eltantawy Elmaidawy, Esraa Elazab

Mansoura Engineering Journal

In recent times, Educational Buildings development has become an increasingly important issue at all locations, even in the areas with the least means. Progress in the field of technology has impacted the development of architecture and modern technologies have provided for the architect enormous possibilities in the formation and design of buildings. The facade of a building plays a crucial role in providing environmental comfort, depending on the type of envelope and design. Architects and engineers need to consider many issues when working with facade designs, including environmental issues, aesthetic appearance, comfort of building occupants, and the view; these aspects …

Reinforcement Learning - Driven Satellite Attitude Recovery: Unknown Faults, Simulation-To-Processor In Loop, Chinmay Mirji, Saeed A Ahmadi

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

Conventional attitude control algorithms often degrade when faced with actuator faults, sensor noise, or system uncertainties. This work presents a reinforcement-learning (RL) framework for satellite attitude recovery under unknown failures, focusing on real-time deployment through a processor-in-the-loop (PIL) setup. A continuous-control DDPG agent is trained in a high-fidelity Python/Basilisk simulation environment, where domain randomization captures variations in inertia, external torque, and actuator limitations to promote robust policy learning.

Demonstrating Sysml V2’S Utility With Syside And Syson For Systems Modeling, Quinn Galen

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

This study highlights the practical utility of SysML v2’s kernel language, a formal, text based foundation for consistent, cross tool model definitions, in Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), using Air Traffic Management (ATM) as an illustrative example. SysIDE, an open source textual editor, enables rapid model creation with the kernel’s concise syntax, allowing users to define system components and behaviors (e.g., ATM radar or flight path interactions) with real time validation. SysON, a web based graphical tool, complements this by facilitating collaborative visualization of system architectures. Using ATM as an example case, we can showcase how the kernel language enhances …

Conceptual Exploration Of Film Cooling Techniques In Hydrogen Gas Turbines, Wen Wu

Student Research Symposium (SRS)

Film cooling is a key heat transfer technique that protects gas turbine blades from extreme temperatures, allowing higher turbine inlet temperatures and greater thermal efficiency. It works by ejecting a thin layer of cooler air from the compressor through small holes onto the hot surface, creating a protective film layer that lowers surface temperature and reduces thermal stress on blades. This process is vital in power generation and propulsion systems that operate near material limits. With growing emphasis on sustainability, film cooling has gained new importance in hydrogen-fueled gas turbines. Hydrogen combustion creates water vaper and low-density exhaust gases, which …

Asymmetric Airfoil Selection For A Small-Scale Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: A Numerical Study, Babak Ranjbaran, Yonatan Afework Tesfahunegn, Raul Bayoan Cal, Ármann Gylfason

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) efficiency depends mainly on the aerodynamic properties of the airfoils used in their blades. During each rotation of the turbine, the blade experiences a range of angles of attack (AOAs) with respect to the relative wind, resulting in a variation of its contribution to the overall performance of the turbine. This paper leverages the capabilities of XFoil for preliminary performance analysis and ANSYS Fluent for detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The initial selection of airfoils is based on geometric characteristics and their potential for high tangential force coefficients. The asymmetric airfoils were selected by maximizing …

Electronic Trap-State Modulation In Sm-Doped Sno Nanofibers Enables Ultrasensitive Hydrogen Sensing, Asky Fungura, Shan Hu, Shuang Gu, Yixin Liu

Michigan Tech Publications

The demand for sub-ppm hydrogen (H) sensing is growing across emerging applications such as environmental monitoring, breath-based disease diagnostics, and early-stage battery failure detection. However, achieving reliable ppb-level detection with chemiresistive metal oxide sensors remains challenging. At trace gas concentrations, resistance modulation is often insufficient, particularly in the absence of noble metal catalysts. Here, we report samarium-doped tin dioxide (Sm-SnO) nanofibers in which electronic trap-state modulation is exploited to enable ultrasensitive hydrogen sensing. The 2 at% Sm-doped SnO nanofibers exhibited markedly enhanced H sensitivity, achieving clear detection down to 25 ppb H at 200 °C, with a theoretical limit of …

AiXGa1−XN (0.7 < X < 1) Schottky Diodes Using Distributed Polarization Doped Layer With A Current Density Of 14 Ka/Cm2, Tariq Jamil, Abdullah Al Mamun Mazumder, Mafruda Rahman, Muhammad Ali, Grigory Simin, M. Asif Khan

Faculty Publications

High Al-content Al_xGa_1-xN (0.7 < x < 1) quasi-vertical Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with distributed polarization doping were grown on the bulk AlN substrate. They exhibit excellent rectification behavior with a large forward current density (~14 kA/cm² ) and a high breakdown field of ~8.3 MV/cm. The SBDs also exhibited low ideality factors of (n~1.2) with a high Schottky barrier height (Φ _b~ 1.7 eV). Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the distributed polarization doping approach for high current–high voltage devices.

Cocreando Una Experiencia Vivencial Con El Robot Sarita, Neil Andrés Jiménez Pinzón, Édgar Eduardo Roa Guerrero, Jenni Katerine Ramírez Caviedes, Miguel Ángel Ballén Sierra

Ingeniería

El libro CoCreando en una experiencia vivencial con el robot SARITA – Nivel básico se presenta como un microprograma de robótica educativa, resultado de un proyecto de investigación, en colaboración con el semillero del Programa de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Universidad de Cundinamarca, sede Fusagasugá, en el que se integra la ciencia, la creatividad y el aprendizaje significativo en una experiencia educativa innovadora.

Más allá de aprender a programar o ensamblar un robot, los jóvenes desarrollan habilidades para trabajar en equipo, resolver problemas y pensar de manera lógica y creativa. La robótica educativa no se limita a enseñar sobre tecnología. …

An Interpretable Hybrid Deep And Reinforcement Learning Paradigm For Glioma Prognosis, Renuga Devi M Ms

Theses and Dissertations

Brain tumors are highly aggressive and lethal types of cancer, particularly gliomas. These cancerous growths show complicated pathophysiological behaviours and with poor prognosis despite therapeutic advances. Due to their biological differences and infiltrating growth, as well as overlapping radiological characteristics, they pose great difficulty in diagnosis, grading, and survival prediction. Artificial intelligence technology, which includes machine learning , deep learning, and reinforcement learning has developed into a new paradigm for the automation of brain tumor diagnostics and personalized treatment. The main goal of this study is to create an integrated AI-based framework that can perform brain tumor segmentation, grading and …

Development Of Deep Fused Neural Architecture For Ancient Tamil Palm-Leaf Manuscript Recognition, Hariharan P Mr

Theses and Dissertations

Digitizing Tamil palm-leaf manuscripts is important for education, communication, and the preservation of cultural heritage. The complex structure of the Tamil script, the wide range of handwriting styles, and the degradation seen in ancient Tamil palm-leaf manuscripts make these texts very difficult to read and understand. Digital Image Processing (DIP), document analysis techniques, and traditional Optical Character Recognition (OCR) are unable to handle noise, background interference, faded ink, and limited labelled data, motivating the need for robust, effective Deep Learning (DL)- based solutions.

As a prerequisite to understanding and designing effective recognition systems for ancient manuscripts, this thesis first examines …

Performance Of Membrane Bioreactor In Nitrogen Removal Using Anammox Bacteria Cultivated From Lake Koto Baru, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Tiffany Azhra Amanda, Alqadri Asri Putra, Puti Sri Komala, Dewi Nilawati, Widyarani Widyarani, Tarzan Sembiring, Panji Cahya Mawarda, Athanasia Amanda Septevani, Mia Miranti Rustama, Rina Andriyani

Makara Journal of Science

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is the biological conversion of ammonium to nitrogen gas (N₂) using nitrite as an electron acceptor. This study evaluated the performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) in nitrogen removal at room temperature using Candidatus Brocadia fulgida, an anammox bacterium previously cultivated from Lake Koto Baru, Tanah Datar, Indonesia. The MBR was operated for 48 days with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h under a continuous supply of ammonium and nitrite, with both substrates provided at influent concentrations of 70, 150, and 250 mg-N/L. Samples were collected twice a week and analyzed via …

Application Of Microbial Fuel Cells For Leachate Bioremediation: The Effects Of Nutrient Nourishment, Umi Sholikah, Fidela Chosta, Tegar Palyus Fiqar, Eka Masrifatus Anifah, Riza Hudayarizka, Tadashi Hibino

Makara Journal of Science

Leachate contains a high organic content, which can cause environmental pollution. The organic content in leachate can be removed through bioremediation using microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems to remediate pollutants and generate bioelectricity. Organic matter is important to the MFC process as both a substrate and a nutrient source. This study investigated the effects of glucose and sodium phosphate buffer nourishment on BOD, COD, and TSS removal and bioelectricity generation. This study used leachate as a substrate and a graphite rod with a surface area of about 32.98 cm² as an electrode. The reactor uses plastic blocks with a …

Intrusion Detection Latency: The Neglected Metric, Sandhyarani Dash, John M. Acken

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Accuracy remains the dominant evaluation metric in Intrusion Detection System (IDS) research, yet an IDS that detects attacks too late is functionally equivalent to one that fails—particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) environments. In operational settings, the timing of detection shapes both the scope of adversarial activity and the feasibility of effective response. To the best of our knowledge, latency (the speed at which intrusions are identified) has received no systematic attention. Our analysis of published IDS papers reveals that latency is defined inconsistently—often referring to inference, communication, computation time, or combinations of these-leading to incomparable performance claims. To close …

Flaked Paraffin Wax-Based Thermally Enhanced Composite Phase Change Materials: Toward A Highly Efficient Thermally Responsive Temperature-Regulating Asphalt Pavement, Feng Ma, Meng Pang, Zhen Fu, Xinye Jiang, Qiang An, Yingjie Hou, Wenhao Dong, Jenny Liu, Jiasheng Dai

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

To mitigate high-temperature distress in asphalt pavements and enhance thermal regulation, flaked paraffin wax (FPW) was selected as the PCM and incorporated into asphalt. To prevent leakage, FPW was microencapsulated (FPW-MPCM). To boost thermal conductivity, FPW-MPCM was combined with expanded graphite (EG) via two methods: One method involves using EG as an adsorption carrier to prepare EG-adsorbed FPW phase change microcapsules (FPW-MPCM-EG); the other method uses EG as the core material to prepare FPW/EG graphite phase change microcapsules (FPW/EG-MPCM). These four PCMs were added to asphalt at 3 %, 6 %, 9 %, and 12 % (wt.%) to prepare phase-change …

Geospatial Analysis Of Primary Healthcare Accessibility And Qualitative Assessment Of Affordability In Rural Communities Of Twifo Ati-Morkwaa District, Ghana, Peter Ansah Boakye, Daniel Buor, Francis Tei-Nartey

Michigan Tech Publications

Regardless of the efforts of the government and the private sector to improve health facilities in Ghana, a significant number of rural communities still experience inadequate access to primary healthcare. This study used the mixed-methods approach to provide an overview of the geographic distribution of healthcare facilities and the accessibility and affordability of primary healthcare within the Twifo Ati-Morkwaa District. Accessibility was assessed using Euclidean buffer analysis around primary healthcare facilities, while affordability was examined qualitatively using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with community members, community leaders and health workers. Focus group discussions and interviews were conducted using the …

Axial Sulfur-Coordination Engineering Boosting Fe–N–C Catalysts For High-Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, Lin Lin, Xiu-Xuan Hou, Zhe-Chen Fan, Yi-Xuan Yin, Wei-Yi Zhao, Kai Wei, Yu-Die Zhou, Li-Na Hou, Ying Wang, Hao Wan, Jun-Jie Ge

Journal of Electrochemistry

Fe-N-C catalysts have long suffered from kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to excessive adsorption strength toward oxygen intermediates and low site utilization. Heteroatom doping effectively accelerates ORR reaction kinetics through electronic structure modulation of metal sites for optimal intermediate adsorption, while chemical vapor deposition (CVD) enhances the turnover frequency (TOF) of active sites. Herein, we developed an FeSNC catalyst featuring abundant FeS₁N₄ sites via a dual-precursor CVD strategy. Experimental and theoretical analyses revealed that S incorporation disrupts the symmetric coordination of active sites, which optimizes OH* adsorption energies from 0.212 eV to 1.194 eV. Moreover, …

Entropy Of Metal/Solution Interfaces: Thermodynamic Framework, Theoretical Models, And Roles Of Interfacial Water, Zeng-Ming Zhang, Zi-Xi Liang, Jun Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Entropy is a basic thermodynamic property of the electrical double layer (EDL) at metal/solution interfaces, yet, its definition, measurement, and theoretical treatment are dispersed in the literature, and, in some cases, ambiguous. In this paper, we revisit the thermodynamic theory of EDL, from which two variants of entropy, excess entropy and formation entropy, are obtained and compared. In terms of the formation entropy, two calculation routes are validated in the context of a primitive EDL model, namely, the Gouy-Chapman (GC) model. After clarifying the concepts and calculation routes, we investigate interfacial water effects on the EDL entropy, using a refined …

Deciphering The Role Of Binder Reaction Exothermicity In Thermal Runaway Of Lithium-Ion Cells, Wen Wen, Jing-Hong Zhou, Hao-Tian Lu, Xing-Gui Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Thermal safety associated with lithium-ion cells as power sources remains a critical industry concern. A comprehensive understanding of how internal exothermic side reactions contribute to temperature rise is fundamental for accurately analyzing thermal runaway processes and predicting the thermal safety of lithium-ion cells. While various side-reactions, such as decomposition of solid electrolyte interphase layer, reaction between anode materials and electrolyte, reaction between cathode materials and electrolyte, and electrolyte decomposition, have been identified as heat generation sources in previous studies, the quantification of these reactions remains insufficiently standardized. Particularly, the impact of heat generation from binder decomposition (most commonly polyvinylidene difluoride) …

Kinetic Investigation Of The Sn2 Reaction Between Piperidine And Chloroacetic Acid Using Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy, Sadoqat O. Mamatkulova, Oytura S. Maksumova

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

In this study, the kinetic characteristics of the nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between piperidine and chloroacetic acid were investigated in real time at 50, 60, and 70 °C using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The spectral analysis revealed a gradual decrease in the C–Cl stretching vibration in the 710–730 cm⁻¹ region and a simultaneous increase in absorption bands corresponding to the C–N bond in the 1020–1250 cm⁻¹ region, confirming the consistent progression of the reaction. Analysis of the conversion function X(t) showed values of X = 0.669 at 50 °C, X = 0.826 at 60 °C, and X = 0.970 at 70 °C, …

Development Of A Catalytic System Based On N,N’,N”-Tris-(Β-Oxyethyl)Hexahydro-S-Triazine For Polyisocyanuraturethane Foam, Murod K. Karimov, Nozima M. Alimukhamedova, Lochinbek M. Khurramov, Ravshan I. Adilov, Murafar G. Alimukhamedov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this work is to develop a catalytic system for the production of polyisocyanurateurethane foams based on N,N',N"-tris(β-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-S-triazine (TOEGT). N,N',N"-tris(β-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-S-triazine (TOEGT) exhibits high catalytic activity in polyurethane foam production processes. However, it exhibited moderate catalytic activity in polyisocyanurateurethane  foams, the formation of which is characterized by the sequential-parallel reactions of urethane formation, isocyanate trimerization, and foaming (isocyanate + water). By varying the composition of the catalytic mixture, the required concentrations of each component were determined, which made it possible to synthesize polyisocyanurateurethane foams that meet the requirements of casting polyurethane foams. The optimal ratio of N,N',N"-tris(β-hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-S-triazine: triethylenediamine: tin …

Physicochemical Investigation Of Interactions In The Urea – Dl-Alanine System, Suvonkul E. Nurmonov, Saydullo Kh. Azimov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

A comprehensive physicochemical study of the “urea – DL-alanine – water” system was carried out to determine the nature of the interactions between its components. Methods of isomolar series, X-ray phase analysis, thermal analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy were applied. It was found that molecular associates with a stoichiometry of 1:1 are formed in an aqueous solution, as evidenced by deviations in density, viscosity, refractive index, and electrical conductivity from their additive values. In the solid phase, the system represents a mechanical mixture of the initial components without the formation of new crystalline phases. The presence of hydrogen bonds of the …

Extraction Of Metallic Silver In Powder Form From Electronic Wastes, Mastura Kh. Aripova, Umar A. Yakhyaev, Ripsime V. Mkrtchyan, Shoxrux B. Naimov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The research is dedicated to the extraction of silver in powder form from electronic wastes and the selective separation of associated elements through the application of hydrometallurgical methods. The conducted study determined the initial chemical composition of the electrical engineering waste (wt.%): Si – 0.08, Al – 0.133, Fe – 0.021, Mg – 0.614, Cu – 0.005,  Zn – 0.02, Ag – 46.9,Zr – 0.557,  Ta – 0.004, Pb – 0.003, Mo – 0.002, S – 0.026. A system for the efficient extraction of metals with minimal losses was developed for the selective dissolution of metals such as Cu, Ni, …