Engineering Commons^™

Flow Dynamics Of Agricultural Waste Nanofibers: Shear, Temperature, And Oscillatory Insights, Bilge N. Altay, Burak Aksoy, James Atkinson, Christopher Lewis, Carlos Diaz-Acosta, Raymond Francis

Articles

The rheology and fiber size of corn stover (CS) and cleaned cotton gin trash (CGT) cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were studied including behaviors at both moderate and extremely high shear rates, to simulate industrial processes ranging from mixing and pumping to high-speed coating, printing, and extrusion. Particle size analyzer showed that 99% of CS fibers measured around 226 nm, while 85% of CGT fibers were approximately 143 nm. Both CS and CGT CNFs formed gel-like suspensions, and shear flow tests revealed that all samples exhibited shear-thinning behavior, allowing easy flow under shear forces. Gels with higher solid content (1%) demonstrated extended …

Deployable Origami Structure, David J. Garcia, Robert Bettinger

AFIT Patents

The present invention relates to deployable origami structures and methods of making and using same. Such deployable origami structures can be folded into a compact state utilizing origami, yet easily deployed as the structures comprise pseudo-elastic connectors. Additive manufacturing techniques can be used to make such deployable origami structures as such techniques can lower cost and structure weight.

Potential Of Individual Upper-Limb Muscles To Contribute To Postural Tremor: Simulations From Neural Drive To Joint Rotation, Spencer A. Baker, Landon J. Beutler, Daniel B. Free, Dario Farina, Steven Knight Charles

Faculty Publications

Background: It is unclear which muscles contribute most to tremor and should therefore be targeted by tremor suppression methods. Previous studies used mathematical models to investigate how upper-limb biomechanics affect muscles’ potential to generate tremor. These investigations yielded principles, but the models included at most only 15 muscles. Here we expand previous models to include 50 upper-limb muscles, simulate tremor propagation, and test the validity of the previously postulated principles. Methods: Tremor propagation was characterized using the gains between tremorogenic neural drive to the 50 muscles (inputs) and tremulous joint rotations in the 7 joint degreesof- freedom (DOF) from shoulder …

Fatigue Behaviour Of Al 6063 Alloy In Heat Treated, Deep Cryogenic Treated And Equal Channel Angular Pressing (Ecap) Processed Conditions, Sreearravind M

Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on improving the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) life of Al6063 using three different processing techniques – Heat Treatment (HT), Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT), and Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP). Al 6063, widely used in structural applications, has limited fatigue performance, necessitating the exploration of advanced processing techniques to enhance its LCF life.

In HT phase, Al 6063 T5 samples were subjected to solid solution HT followed by air and water quenching. The air-quenched (T6A) and water-quenched (T6W) samples were subjected to precipitation hardening. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the T6A sample increased to 188 MPa from …

Processing Parameter-Performance Nexus In 3d Printing Of Nanostructured Chiral Photonics, Kyle George, Nader Taheri-Qazvini, Peter D. Olmsted, Monirosadat Sadati

Faculty Publications

Precisely crafted hierarchical architectures found in naturally derived biomaterials underpin the exceptional performance and functionality showcased by the host organism. In particular, layered helical assemblies composed of cellulose, chitin, or collagen serve as the foundation for some of the most mechanically robust and visually striking natural materials. By utilizing structured materials in additive manufacturing techniques such as extrusion-based 3D printing, the intrinsic deformation process can be used to implement bottom-up design of printed constructs, offering the potential to create intricate macroscale geometries with embedded nanoscale functionality. In this study, comprehensive rheological and rheo-optical characterization of structurally colored, photocurable liquid crystalline …

Numerical Analyses Of Construction Materials At Different Scales For Improved Resilience And Sustainability Of Civil Infrastructures, Chenchen Huang

Theses and Dissertations

The resilience and sustainability of civil infrastructure are fundamental to supporting modern society in the face of growing environmental challenges and resource limitations. This study aims to use multi-scale numerical tools to evaluate mechanical performance of different construction materials under various environmental and loading conditions. Firstly, we adopt the discrete element method (DEM) to evaluate the influence of freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) action on the mechanical properties of rock from the micro perspective. A simplified plastic model is proposed to capture the residual deformation produced during FTCs. To further explore the deterioration of FTCs on rock, the water-contained grain-based model (GBM) …

Immersive Modeling To Communicate And Manage Risks Of Water Shortages, David Rosenberg, Erki Porse

Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

Our project goal is to use immersive online collaborative modeling as a tool for active learning to communicate and manage users conflicting risks of water shortages because decisions now to manage risk effect future risk. State-of-the art river basin forecasting tools provide probabilistic estimates of streamflow at hourly to annual scales. Water resource models quantify tradeoffs and risk across hundreds or thousands of scenarios of inflow and demand forecast out decades. Our project objectives are: 1) Formulate extreme scenarios for reservoir inflows without probabilities one to three years out that pose imminent risk of water shortages. 2) Hold immersive model …

The Effects Of Transportation Distribution On The Performance Of Insulated Thermal Containers, Edmund B. Tang

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

This research examines the effect of simulated transportation distribution testing on insulated thermal containers, also known as cold chain shippers. This study compares the thermal performance of an insulated thermal container in its ideal pristine condition with no external factors that challenge the integrity of the package to insulated thermal containers that are subjected to common and acceptable test inputs using established and accepted industry package performance and simulation standards. Currently, little research evaluates the thermal performance of insulated thermal containers after simulated distribution testing. A total of nine different real-world scenarios using test standards of varying severities or other …

Numerical Simulation Of Airflow Properties Of The Naca 6420 Airfoil Using The Transition Rans K-Ε Model, Oluwaseyi O. Alabi, Saidat A. Salisu, Oyeyemi T. Aforolagba -Balogun, Temitope A. Ladigbolu, Ayotunde O. Fasina, Anas Bala

Al-Bahir

This study investigates the airflow properties around the airfoil using numerical simulation, addressing the longstanding challenge of accurately predicting transition phenomena in turbulent flows. The importance of this research lies in its potential to improve the design and performance of airfoils in various engineering applications, such as wind turbines, and aircraft. A custom 2-dimensional airfoil model was created using Airfoil instruments, featuring a 6% maximum curvature, 40% curvature position, and 20% thickness. COMSOL Multiphysics software performed computations at a velocity of over 19 hours, with data analyzed at 60-minute intervals. The Transition turbulent model was employed to simulate the airflow …

Increasing Guard Band Size To Decrease Interference In V2x Communication, Nakira Oglesby, Mackenzie Prescott, Billy Kihei, Ph.D.

Symposium of Student Scholars

As technologies evolve and new devices are introduced, the demand for fast and reliable vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication increases. As this demand increases, the interference level in the 5.9GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band will inevitably increase. And thus, the task of somehow minimizing this interference becomes increasingly important as time passes. This report investigates the effects of increasing the guard band size of the lower 5.9 GHz DSRC band on the adjacent channel interference from Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure 4 band (U-NII-4) devices and to try and see if there is a significant decrease in the interference level. The …

In-Situ Thermal Measurement Of Polymers, Carson Powers, Jungkyu Park, Dal Hyung Kim, Fahim Dorsey, Peter Bearden

Symposium of Student Scholars

In this research, we conducted a detailed experimental

investigation into how strain affects the thermal conductivity of

Ecoflex elastomer, utilizing a newly developed method for

measuring thermal conductivity under mechanical strain for the

first time. In situ thermal conductivity measurement apparatus

was developed by combining the KLA T150 nanoscale tensile tester

and a custom-fabricated thermal measurement sensor. The

development of an experimental method for measuring the thermal

conductivity of nanomaterials under mechanical testing

simultaneously will contribute to the development of novel

materials for flexible electronics by helping us to better

understand the strain effect on their thermal performance.

Interestingly, the …

Impact Of Node Failures On Productivity In Multilayer Supply Chain Networks: An Influence Network Analysis In The Indian Electronics Sector, Surendra Orupalli, Hiroki Sayama

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Supply chain networks are essential for the delivery of goods and information, but disruptions such as natural disasters or trade embargoes can severely impact them. Resilience of entire networks under different types of disruptions when nodes or edges fail has been extensively studied. However, the extent to which the failure of a particular company affects another company of interest within a network has not been widely explored. To address this, we created a multilayer physical supply chain network of companies in an electronics supply chain concentrated in India. Through systematic node removal simulations, we examined how the productivity of one …

Comparative Evaluation Of Linear Regression, Cross Validation And Regularization Approaches In Multivariate Data Analysis, Ransford Owusu, Felix Yeboah, Francis Effah Boateng

Data Science and Data Mining

This study evaluates linear regression and its enhanced variants incorporating cross-validation and regularization techniques for high-dimensional, multivariate datasets. We address challenges such as multicollinearity and overfitting. Methods including Ridge, LASSO, and Elastic Net are compared against ordinary least squares regression. Empirical analysis using an automobile dataset for fuel efficiency prediction shows that while OLS regression captures basic relationships, its limitations are mitigated through regularization and cross-validation, resulting in improved model interpretability. The findings provide a comprehensive framework for predictive modeling in complex data environments and offer insights into statistical methodology and practical applications in the automobile industry.

A Novel Preprocessing Model For Multi Modal Brain Mri Image Classification For Stroke Prognosis, Alwin Joseph, Chandra J

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique used for the diagnosis and observing the progression in various neurological disorders. Stroke is one of the prominent neurological disorders that creates significant impacts in the patients. It occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissues from getting oxygen and nutrients. Multimodal data from various modalities help clinicians in proper prognosis of stroke. Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation Challenge (ISLES22) provides data of stroke data for various stroke patients, the dataset consists of three modalities of data – Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), Apparent …

A Comparative Mathematical Analysis Of Ice Modulation Measurement Techniques: Unifying Thermal Hysteresis, Freezing Point Depression, And Colligative Effects, Hayden Calvert Barry

Engineering Undergraduate Senior Theses

Thermal hysteresis (TH) measurement techniques for ice binding proteins (IBPs) have historically lacked standardization, making cross-study comparisons challenging and potentially impeding development of these materials for practical applications. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of three measurement techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microlitre osmometry, and cryostage microscopy. Through systematic experimentation with Wild Type III Antifreeze Protein (AFP) at varying concentrations (10μM, 100μM, 1mM), along with cell lysate AFP and Pseudomonas syringe ice nucleating protein (INP), mathematical relationships were established between measurement techniques, and cryostage microscopy was identified as the most reproducible and reliable method. Regression analysis revealed strong relationships between …

02.24.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Collaborate Opportunity

SEC Faculty Travel Grants

Participant Support Cost Resources

Microfabrication Of Sic Using Femtosecond Lasers, Jared Eldon Payne

Theses and Dissertations

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a desirable material in a wide variety of semiconductor fields. The impressive thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties that make SiC an attractive material also make it very difficult to machine. New fabrication techniques are required to take full advantage of the potential of SiC. First, a new 3-dimensional (3D) non-line-of-sight (NLOS) fabrication technique using two-photon absorption is demonstrated in SiC. NLOS microchannels are shown with aspect ratios higher than 100:1. The process is the only method known, at this time, that can create truly 3D subsurface structures in SiC without direct line of sight to the …

Lab: Developing Explainable Multimodal Ai Models With Hands-On Lab On The Life-Cycle Of Rare Event Prediction In Manufacturing, Chathurangi Shyalika, Ruwan Wickramarachchi, Revathy Venkataramanan, Dhaval Patel, Amit Sheth

Faculty Publications

In the age of Industry 4.0 and smart automation, unplanned downtime is costing industries over $50 billion annually. Even with preventive maintenance, industries like automotive lose more than $2 million per hour due to downtime caused by unexpected or "rare'' events. The extreme rarity of these events makes their detection and prediction a significant challenge for AI practitioners. Factors such as the lack of high-quality data, methodological gaps in the literature, and limited practical experience with multimodal data exacerbate the difficulty of rare event detection and prediction. This lab will provide hands-on experience to learn how to address these challenges …

Classification Of Microcontroller Integrated Circuit On The Pocket Of Jedec Tray Using Convolutional Neural Network In Embedded Machine Learning System, Mark Pallones, King Harold A. Recto

Electronics, Computer, and Communications Engineering Faculty Publications

One serious issue in the microcontroller manufacturing environment is the mixing of microcontroller unit (MCU) parts, leading to the wastage of materials, dissatisfied customers, and the implementation of non-value-adding activities to address it. More adverse effects include negative feedback from customers, loss of confidence, and impact on business growth. One root cause traces back to the final testing of the manufacturing back-end process when reusing unemptied standard JEDEC matrix trays for good and bad units in the test handler. Currently, emptying the JEDEC matrix tray and inspecting it is a manual process prone to human error due to high-volume test …

Facial Swap Detection Based On Deep Learning: Comprehensive Analysis And Evaluation, Israa Mishkhal, Nibras Abdullah, Hassan H. Saleh, Nur Intan Raihana Ruhaiyem, Fadratul Hafinaz Hassan

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

In recent years, Advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), have made great strides in the creation of highly realistic deepfakes, which manipulate facial forensics to generate convincing fake faces or expressions. These manipulations pose significant threats to individual privacy and the integrity of legal, political, and social institutions. In fact, several existing studies have recently pursued the development of machine learning techniques for detecting deepfake content, with the overarching aim of protecting the victim's privacy or curbing the rise of picture fabrication. Despite extensive research on DL-based deepfake detection systems, challenges such as detecting facial swaps under …

Static Performance And Stability Of A Multi-Span Hybrid Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge With High Piers, Huang Yu, Liu Guanyu, Yi Jianbo, Xing Xuan, Su Miao, Peng Hui

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In order to study the static performance and stability of a steel-concrete composite continuous rigid frame bridge in Suichang,Zhejiang Province,a single girder and girder lattice finite element model for the whole bridge was established by using Midas Civil,and a local solid finite element model was established by using Ansys.A detailed analysis of the structural displacement and stress state of the bridge in use and the local stress in the solid section of the pier and girder under different loads was carried out.The influence of the pile-bottom restraint stiffness and pier-girder connection form on the overall stability of the bridge was …

Influence Of Train Speed On Thermal Insulation And Anti-Thawing Length For Tunnel In Cold Region, Huang Huanan, Chen Yong, Wang Yibo, Wu Yaping

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To study the influence of train speed on thermal insulation and anti-thawing measures for surrounding rock of tunnels in cold regions,it is necessary to analyze the temperature field.By using the Kunlun Mountain Tunnel Project in cold regions as a case study,the effects of external atmospheric temperature,piston wind effects caused by varying train speeds,and the driving resistance on the distribution of the tunnel ’s internal temperature field were considered.A three-dimensional numerical calculation model including the surrounding rock,concrete lining,and tunnel air was established by utilizing the thermo-fluid-structure interaction (TFSI ) technique.The thermal environment variations caused by trains at different speeds were predicted.The …

Parametric Analysis Of Composite Slab With Steel Bar Trusses At Construction Stages, Zhang Junhao, He Jun, Tan Chao, Feng Sidong, Wang Zitong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To clarify the structural behavior of composite slab with steel bar trusses at key construction stages including hoisting and concrete post-pouring,a composite beam bridge with a main span of 60 m in Georgia ’s E60 Highway was investigated.A finite element model was developed by using ABAQUS to simulate the construction process and analyze the influence of parameters such as prefabricated bottom slab material,number of hoisting points,slab thickness,and number of steel bar trusses on the principal stress of concrete and mid-span deflection.The results indicate that ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC ) prefabricated bottom slabs prevent plastic damage and enhance slab stiffness.Normal concrete (NC) …

Cracking Characteristics Of Cement-Stabilized Macadam With Early Strength Agent Under Variable Temperature And Humidity Curing Conditions, Ge Dongdong, Liu Dingyuan, Lyu Songtao, Jiang Xiangyang, Xue Yanhua, Yu Yang

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In environments with large temperature variations and low humidity,the curing conditions of cement-stabilized macadam fail to meet the specifications,leading to slow early strength development and increased susceptibility to cracking.This study aimed to investigate the effects of actual environmental temperature,humidity,curing age,and addition of early strength agents on the cracking characteristics of cement-stabilized macadam.Variable temperature conditions were determined based on actual environmental temperature data.Four curing conditions were set by combining temperatures (variable temperature and standard temperature ) with relative humidity of 95%,80%,and 65%,respectively.Three types of specimens were prepared with 0%,10%,and 15% early strength agent contents and cured for 14 and 28 days,respectively.The …

Identification And Prediction Model For Traffic Blockage State Of Highways To Xizang, Wu Ling, Liu Jianbei, Zhang Zhiwei, Shan Donghui, Chi Gandu

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To identify the traffic blockage state on highways to Xizang in extreme environments,comprehensive evaluation indicators for traffic blockage state based on the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method were proposed by using the traffic blockage event parameters observed on four major highways to Xizang:Sichuan ‒ Xizang Highway,Yunnan ‒ Xizang Highway,Qinghai ‒ Xizang Highway,and Xinjiang ‒ Xizang Highway.The K-Medoids clustering algorithm was used to categorize the traffic blockage state into different levels.By considering factors such as hazard types,road types,traffic volume,and vehicle type ratios,a classification model for the traffic blockage state on highways to Xizang was constructed based on machine learning algorithms.The results show that …

Seismic Performance Of Bridge Pile Foundation Considering Effects Of Material Freeze-Thaw Deterioration And Permafrost Degradation, Zhang Xiyin, Yu Shengsheng, Wang Wanping, Wen Hairong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

In cold and high-seismic regions,such as the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau in China,the deterioration of material properties caused by freeze-thaw cycles and permafrost degradation due to climate change have become increasingly severe,posing significant challenges for the seismic performance assessment of bridge pile foundations.To systematically investigate the impact of permafrost degradation and material freeze-thaw deterioration on the seismic performance of bridge pile foundations and ensure proper seismic design,a finite element model was established,considering the dual effects of permafrost degradation and material freeze-thaw deterioration.A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence mechanisms of various factors on the seismic performance of bridge pile foundations …

Design And Simulation Evaluation Of Converged Toll Collection Schemes For Senegalese Highways, Lai Zengcheng, Zhang Ning, Yang Shichun, Ding Xueqi, Ji Yanjie

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

The Senegalese highway toll collection system is inefficient,and significant congestion and delays frequently occur at toll stations in the face of sudden traffic surges during holidays.This paper examined the limitations of the existing toll collection methods on Senegalese highways and combined the image detection algorithm and electronic license plate recognition technology with the existing MTC and ETC toll collection methods to construct a converged toll collection method based on vehicle information recognition.The paper aimed to optimize the Senegalese highway toll collection system,reduce its cost of use,and improve the efficiency of toll collection.The BPV Thiès toll station in Senegal was selected …

Model Test On Bearing Capacity Of Gravity Anchor Foundation Considering Rock Socketed Effect, Yin Jingze, Guo Chao, Zhang Xinmin, Li Wei, Shi Haiyang, Fu Baiyong

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

The calculation of the bearing capacity of traditional gravity anchor foundation instructed by Code for Design of Ground Base and Foundation of Highway Bridges and Culverts (JTG D 63—2007 ) only considers the friction effects of the basement and neglects the rock socketed effect of bottom plate,which is simply regarded as a safety margin,on the improvement of bearing capacity.To study the influence of rock socketed effect on the bearing capacity of gravity anchor,this paper designed two groups of indoor scale model tests on non-rock-socketed and rock-socketed gravity anchors with a scale of 1∶50 to discuss the bearing capacity and load …

Theoretical And Experimental Studies On Adaptive Spatial Rotating Main Cable Saddle, Chen Yuanlin, Huang Anming, Chen Long, Xie Jun

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

To ensure the accuracy of the main cable alignment during adaptive rotation,an adaptive spatial rotating main cable saddle suitable for spatial suspension bridges was designed.The main cable saddle had two adaptive rotating pair mechanisms with axes passing through the IP point.By using a specific suspension bridge as a case study,the design was validated through a combination of finite element analysis and model testing to assess the reliability and structural safety of the adaptive rotation mechanism.The results show that the adaptive spatial rotating main cable saddle can automatically adjust its orientation based on variations in the main cable load during construction,with …

Section Form Of Open-Cut Tunnel By Ultra-Large-Diameter Shield Empty-Push Technology, Sun Chao, Zhang Guangwei

Journal of China & Foreign Highway

Based on the engineering background of the open-cut section by the shield machine with overall movement in the rapid transformation project of Wanghai Road,Shenzhen City,the structural stress and economy of three types of section forms under construction and operation conditions were analyzed to determine the optimal section design.The load-structure model was used to analyze the parameters affecting the internal force of the optimal section.The research results show that the top and bottom plates and side walls in the scheme with ribs set at the corner (scheme 3) have uniform force,and force during the construction period is close to that during …