Engineering Commons^™

Gradually Varied Flow In Horizontal Circular Open Channels, Sanaa M. Hashim, I.M.H. Rashwan, Hewida Omara

Journal of Engineering Research

In investigations of gradually varied flow, open channels are categorized according to bed slope as horizontal, mild, critical, steep, and adverse. A canal is referred to as horizontal if its bed slope is zero. In open-channel hydraulics, calculating the water surface profile in an open channel is regarded as a crucial part of channel design. The objective of this present study is to solve the gradually varied flow in open circular channel with horizontal slope by using two mathematical methods called; direct integration method and Runge-Kutta method. The presented study used the experimental works to offer an explicit closed-form semi-analytical …

A Yolo-Based Deep Learning Approach For Vibration-Based Rotating Shaft Imbalance Detection, Abdelhameed Zayed Dr., Ali Siam Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

One of the prevailing causes of vibrations in machines is rotor imbalance. Rotor balancing can be used to fix the majority of rotating machinery issues. When it comes to high-speed running equipment, even a slight imbalance can lead to serious issues and decrease the operational efficiency of rotating machinery. This work proposed a deep learning approach for the detection of binary and multiclass imbalance in rotating shafts. A YOLOv11 model-based approach is developed to detect imbalance and identify unbalanced rotor positions. To precisely identify unbalanced positions, this method trains the YOLOv11 model using numerous sets of measured response data and …

Flow Characteristics In Open Channel Confluences: Comparison Of Different Turbulence Models, Abdelrahman Mostafa Elazab None, Ibrahim Mohamed Rashwan, H. Omara

Journal of Engineering Research

This study uses numerical simulations in ANSYS Fluent to analyze the flow characteristics of open channel confluences. The primary objective is to assess the accuracy and predictive performance of three widely used turbulence models: the standard k–ε, the realizable k–ε, and the k–ω SST models. Simulations were performed under steady-state conditions. The results were validated against experimental data. Comparative analysis based on roots mean square error (RMSE) and flow behavior evaluation shows that all models can capture the main flow structures. However, the k–ω SST model demonstrated superior agreement with the experimental results, exhibiting the lowest RMSE and providing the …

A Critical Review Of Electrochemical Chloride Extraction: Mechanisms, Effectiveness, And Impact On Concrete Properties, Mariam Ghazy, Metwally Abd Elaty, Lara A. Farouk

Journal of Engineering Research

Chloride-induced corrosion poses a significant threat to the durability and service life of reinforced concrete structures, necessitating effective rehabilitation strategies. This research provides a comprehensive review of electrochemical chloride extraction (ECE) for reinforced concrete structures. It explores the mechanisms behind ECE and highlights the factors that influence the treatment's efficiency. Key elements discussed include ECE setup parameters (current density, treatment duration, anode/electrolyte type, temperature) and concrete mix properties (binder type, water-to-binder ratio, cover thickness, reinforcement details). The review also explores ECE's effects on concrete microstructure, including hydration products, porosity, alkali-aggregate reaction, and potential for hydrogen embrittlement, as well as its …

Investigation The Effect Of Integrating Solar Desalination Systems With Firefighting Networks For Coastal Cities, Ramy Elramy, Mohamed Mahgoub, Mohamed Abdelgaied, Ayman Refat Abd Elbar

Journal of Engineering Research

This study investigates integrating solar desalination systems with seawater-based firefighting networks as a sustainable solution for coastal cities facing freshwater scarcity. This study evaluates technical feasibility, economic impact, and operational performance by comparing conventional seawater firefighting infrastructure with systems utilizing desalinated water produced via solar energy. The methodology includes a detailed component and cost analysis of both systems, supported by experimental pump performance tests using varying salt concentrations and seawater. Results indicate that desalinated water systems offer significant economic savings—approximately 48.82%—due to reduced corrosion, lower maintenance demands, and improved pump efficiency. Experimental findings also show that increased salinity accelerates cavitation …

Numerical Analysis Of Stone Column Installation In Soft Clay: Evaluation Of Dynamic Effects, Saleh I. Rashwan Eng, Waseim R. Azzam Prof, Ahmed M. Nasr Prof

Journal of Engineering Research

This study presents a numerical investigation into stone columns’ installation and post-installation behavior in soft clay. A parametric study was conducted to explore excess pore water pressure generation and bearing capacity enhancement. Five stone column configurations were simulated across two radial expansion ratios using the Cylindrical Cavity Expansion (CCE) method implemented in PLAXIS 2D. Results showed that dynamic installation process, simulating vibro-replacement, produced transient stress waves, inducing fluctuations in lateral earth pressure and excess pore water pressure immediately around the column. Moreover, the columns with larger diameters and lengths significantly enhanced the lateral confinement and generated higher excess pore pressures …

Flexural Behavior Of Optimized Crumb Rubber Multilayer Concrete Slab, Rokia Mohamed Shehatta Msc. Student, Dr. Ibrahim El-Azab Lecturer, Civil Engineering Department Faculty Of Engineering,, Mohamed H. Makhlouf Professor Of Rc Structures, Civil Department, Benha Faculty Of Engineering,, Prof. Sameh Yehia Professor Of Reinforced Concrete Structures Faculty Dean, Faculty Of Engineering,

Journal of Engineering Research

Waste tires are a significant environmental issue, and this study explores the use of crumb rubber concrete (CRC) as a sustainable alternative by incorporating waste rubber from discarded tires as a partial replacement for fine aggregate (sand) in concrete. Seven slab specimens were tested, including a control specimen and six rubberized concrete specimens with 25%, 50%, and 75% rubber content in one-layer and two-layer configurations. The results showed that increasing rubber content led to a decrease in compressive strength and ultimate load capacity, with reductions of up to 85.5% in one-layer slabs and 50% in two-layer slabs compared to the …

Cyclic Combustion Pressure Dynamics Of A Diesel Engine Operating On Waste Frying Oil Biodiesel Blends Using Wavelets, Shady Elmozy, Ahmed Khaira Dr., Elshenawy Elshenawy Prof. Dr., Ali Mohamed Dr., Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr,

Journal of Engineering Research

This paper investigates the cyclic combustion pressure dynamics of a single-cylinder diesel engine burning waste frying oil biodiesel blends, employing statistical analysis and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to evaluate combustion stability. Experiments were conducted at a constant engine load (90%) and speed (1500 rpm), with in-cylinder pressure data collected over 400 consecutive cycles for conventional diesel (RD) and biodiesel blends (UB10, UB30, UB50). Results demonstrate that biodiesel blends marginally reduce average peak cylinder pressure (PP) by 0.3–3.8% while lowering PP variability, evidenced by declining coefficients of variation (COV-PP: 1.27–1.48%), attributed to biodiesel’s elevated viscosity promoting consistent fuel-air mixing. Conversely, mean …

Combustion Characteristics And Cycle-To-Cycle Variations In A Diesel Generator Fueled With Used Frying Oil Biodiesel Blends, Shady Elmozy, Ahmad Khira Dr., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

This paper investigates the combustion characteristics and cycle-to-cycle variations in a stationary direct-injection diesel generator fueled with biodiesel derived from used frying oil (UFO) blended with conventional diesel. Used frying oil methyl ester (UFOME), referred to as UB100, was produced through a single-step alkali transesterification process and blended with diesel fuel in varying proportions (UB10, UB20, UB30, UB40, and UB50). Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder, naturally aspirated diesel engine operating at a constant speed of 1500 rpm under five different load conditions: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%. In-cylinder pressure data from 400 consecutive cycles were analyzed to determine …

Impact Of Gamma-Ray Dose On Indoor Visible Light Communication Link Performance: A Geant4 Study, Fayza Mohamed Elamrawy, Adel Mohamed Ismail, Hossm Kasem Prof, Salah Khamis Prof, Ahmed Abdelaziz Youssef Prof

Journal of Engineering Research

This research presents an extended performance analysis of an indoor Visible Light Communication (VLC) system by integrating experimental results with advanced GEANT4 simulations. Building on a prior empirical study that evaluated different LED configurations and photodetectors, this work explores critical environmental and spatial parameters that influence VLC efficiency and reliability. Parameters such as wall reflectivity, emission angles, photon energy, and photon travel time are systematically analyzed using a validated GEANT4 simulation framework. The results confirm the strong impact of narrow emission angles and high wall reflectivity on detection performance, while also highlighting the importance of time delay modeling in high-fidelity …

Machine Learning-Based Prediction Of Load Capacity In Corrugated Concrete-Filled Double Skin Tubes Under Axial Load, Aya Mohsen Handousa Mansoura University, Fikry Salem, Nabil Mahmoud Mahmoud, Mohamed Ghannam

Journal of Engineering Research

Concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns have become widely utilized in building construction and bridges, thanks to their exceptional structural capabilities. This study investigates the axial compression behavior of corrugated CFDST columns, analyzing the impact of flat or corrugated external/internal plates and varying internal steel tube widths. Furthermore, basic regression analysis fails to precisely forecast the complicated relation between the column properties and their compressive strength. To overcome these challenges, this study suggests two machine learning (ML) models, including the Gaussian process (GPR) and the extreme gradient boosting model (XGBoost). To estimate their strength, these models employ a range of …

An Engineering Solution For Fan Aeroacoustics Measurements Correction In A Non-Anechoic Testing Environment, Saad-Eldin Taha, Mohamed Y.Zakaria, Mohamed Abdelgaied, M.M. Bassuoni Prof. Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- Nowadays, acoustic signatures of daily used applications are to be minimized. The study of noise generated through aerodynamic interaction with moving bodies has passed through different phases since the early 50s, and this leads to the evolvement of many analytical, empirical and computational techniques in order to be able to estimate the emitted noise. Concerning fan blades, until now the researches are still going for a reliable method for noise estimation during the early phases of design which help in the development of blades with a lower aeroacoustic signature, the Brooks, Pope and Marcolini (BPM) model was chosen to …

Evaluating The Role Of Building Information Modeling (Bim) In Minimizing Delays And Reducing Costs In Construction Projects, Hussein Elsayed Mohamed Ismail, Mohammad Ahmad Mohammad Abdulhadi

Journal of Engineering Research

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a construction industry technology delivers extensive effects on project duration and financial management. This investigation examines BIM as a technology specifically designed to cut down construction project delays and decrease expenditures. The scholarly review of existing research material through a secondary approach allows this study to identify BIM's major value contributions.

The implementation of BIM technology enables project schedules to reach improved accuracy which results in a reduction of project delays by 15-25% because of its automation features and effective clash detection and real-time coordination benefits. The application of building information modeling …

Multi-Modal Covid-19 Detection Using Cough Sounds And Medical Information With Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning, Mohamed Talaat Saidahmed, Reda Elbasiony, Marwa Reda Bastwesy, Asmaa Aly Hagar

Journal of Engineering Research

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for fast, non-invasive, and cost-effective diagnostic tools. Cough sounds, as a prominent symptom of respiratory diseases, present a promising modality for automated COVID-19 detection. In this study, we propose a novel multi-modal deep learning framework for COVID-19 detection that leverages cough sounds and patient-specific medical information. Our approach extracts two types of acoustic features—Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) and Mel spectrograms—and integrates them with clinical metadata to improve diagnostic ac-curacy. The MFCC branch employs 1D convolutional layers followed by Efficient Channel Attention mechanism. The Mel spectrogram branch utilizes ResNet-50 combined with ECA to capture …

A Comprehensive Review Of Carbonation In Supplementary Cementitious Concrete: Factors Affecting, Measurement Methods, And Challenges, Mariam Farouk Ghazy, Metwally Abd Allah Abd Elaty, Esraa Samir Abdeljalil

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract-After water, concrete is the most widely used material on the planet. Accelerated carbonation treatment is an effective approach of reducing carbon emission in the concrete industry. Such carbonation process converts gaseous CO2 into carbonated minerals. This review provided a special focus on internal and external variables affecting carbonation depth. Internal variables such as mixture components, External variables such as adding pozzolanic materials such as fly ash, and slag were examined systematically, temperature, pressure, and CO2 concentration. The effect of accelerated carbonation curing on the compressive strength of concrete at early ages, both positive and negative influences were identified. …

Mutual Coupling Impedance Effect On Ris-Assisted Terahertz Communication, Radwa A. Roshdy Dr., Hossam M. Kasem Prof., Mohammed A. Salem Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

Terahertz (THz) communication based on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) is a promising technology in future wireless networks, with the capabilities of ultra-high data rates and energy-efficient beam communicating. Nevertheless, the mutual coupling impedance of the closely spaced RIS reveals the inefficacy in existing channel estimation schemes, while it is usually ignored in the literature. In this paper, we fill this gap by developing an EM-compliant channel model that integrates mutual coupling explicitly for RIS-assisted THz systems. We evaluate the performance of mutual impedance-induced influence to the accuracy of the root mean square error (RMSE), which is considered as a pivotal …

Shear Strength Enhancement Of Soft Clay Using Lime Columns: A Large-Scale Experimental Study, Mostafa Elsawwaf Prof, Waseim Azzam Prof, Ahmed Sami Fouad

Journal of Engineering Research

Soft clay soil is often classified as problematic due to its low shear strength and high compressibility, which can cause significant structural damage. To mitigate these issues, various soil stabilization techniques have been developed, including the use of lime columns, fly ash, and crushed bricks. In this study, a large-scale direct shear device was designed and constructed to evaluate the impact of lime column stabilization on the shear strength of soft clay. The shear box measured 20 cm in height, 30 cm in length, and 30 cm in width. A hydraulic piston applied shear force by moving the lower shear …

A Hybrid Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer Based On De Algorithm For Feature Selection, Amany Saad Abdelrazek, Basma Ghareeb Elkilany, M. Arafa

Journal of Engineering Research

Feature selection is one kind of optimization problem that has bio-objective functions, where it is necessary to get the minimum number of features that achieve high classification accuracy. According to literature studies, several kinds of meta-heuristic algorithms have been utilized to solve feature selection problems. One of these meta-heuristic algorithms is the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm and its modified variants, including the binary versions. They have yielded competitive results compared to other algorithms. Despite the simplicity and effectiveness of GWO and its modified versions, they face challenges related to the exploitation ability of the local search. To avoid premature …

A Comprehensive Review Of Natural Gas-Diesel Dual-Fuel Engines: Efficiency, Emissions, And Engine Performance, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi Prof. Dr. Eng., Mohamed Mostafa Shafey Eng

Journal of Engineering Research

Natural gas (NG) diesel dual-fuel systems have emerged as a promising advancement in internal combustion engine (ICE) technology, offering significant potential for reducing emissions, while maintaining high fuel efficiency and performance standards. This review critically examines the combustion characteristics, operational performance, emissions mitigation potential, and the engineering challenges associated with engine modifications and fuel system compatibility. Furthermore, the role of dual-fuel technology within broader global climate change mitigation strategies is explored. Extensive evidence from the literature confirms that NG-diesel dual-fuel engines can achieve substantial reductions in nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) emissions up to 53% particulate matter (PM) by over 60%, and …

Performance Enhancement Of Ev Drive System Under Open-Phase Fault Using Reinforcement Learning With Mpc, Ahmed M. Hassan, Mohammed E. Metwally Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

Improving the operation of electric vehicles (EVs) under fault is a very important subject because it increases their ability to operate in case of an emergency. This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control methodology for an EV drive system under open phase fault (OPF). The 5-ph interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is employed in the drive system because it has several merits, such as high efficiency and reliability. The proposed technique is based on utilizing a reinforcement learning (RL) control algorithm, based twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm, to operate the motor at maximum torque per ampere under OPF. …

Evaluation Of Irrigation Improvement Projects In Old And New Lands, Noha Salah Ibrahim, Amir Mohamed Mobasher, Ibrahim Abd El Naby Gaafar, Mohamed Ahmed Reda

Journal of Engineering Research

Egypt suffers from severe water scarcity, and the Nile Delta region, where inefficient irrigation practices exacerbate water stress and faces significant challenges. This study employs a multi-phased approach to evaluate irrigation improvement projects and management strategies in two study areas represent old and new land .Key performance indicators including adequacy, efficiency, equity, dependability, and Water Use Index, were calculated based on extensive data collection, considering factors like soil properties, climate conditions, and crop water requirements. The Analytic Hierarchy Process employed in two phases: first, to prioritize the key performance indicators themselves, and second, to rank four different irrigation management strategies …

Experimental Investigation On The Effect Of Using Gasoline With Commercial Additives On Spark Ignition Engines Performance And Emissions Characteristic, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Emad Mostafa Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

Gasoline is the primary source of energy in combustion engines, despite some drawbacks, such as knocking inside the engine, incomplete combustion, and the production of high emissions. The main trend has been toward the use of chemical additives as improvers, including oxidizing additives and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Both additives have an effect on the combustion process. Oxidizing additives improve the combustion process inside the chamber by adding additional oxygen to the fuel, which helps accelerate flame propagation, such as ethanol and oleo-octane plus. On the other hand, aromatic additives are used to increase the octane number, which in turn enhances …

Investigation Of Activated Carbon From Rice Waste Using Superheated Steam, Wael Abdelmoez, Jehan Tolba, Hiroyuki Yoshida, Sherif Ahmed Kamal

Journal of Engineering Research

Activated carbon is essential in many industries and applications, especially in removing odor and color in sewage treatment plants. The most common activated carbon used is generated from coconut shells, which are difficult to obtain in many countries, especially in the Middle East, as coconut trees do not grow in the environment there; therefore, it was essential to find local alternatives from the national agricultural waste. This study presents the investigation of activated carbon from rice husks using superheated steam in a rotary kiln. The effect of thermal activation on the porosity of the activated rice husks at different temperatures …

An Eulerian-Pfem Approach To Model Transient Capillary Forces On Moving Contact Lines Of Spreading Liquid Drops: Applications In Hydraulic And Fluid Dynamics, Elaf N. Mahrous, Syed Yousufuddin, Muhammad Saleem Professor, Mohammed N. Iqbal, Muhammad T. Bin-Saleem

Journal of Engineering Research

This study addresses the complexities of simulating multiphase flows, particularly the dynamics of droplet behaviour on solid substrates, which are influenced by intricate capillary interactions. Despite advancements in fixed-grid and moving-grid methodologies, there remains a critical gap in accurately modelling transient phenomena and dissipative forces at the solid-liquid interface. We introduce a novel Eulerian-particle finite element method (PFEM) framework that captures the transient capillary forces associated with the movement of contact lines in liquid droplet spreading scenarios. Through a numerical assessment of three established dissipative force models—Jiang’s, Bracke’s, and Seeberg’s we identify Jiang's model as the most effective and stable …

Evaluation Of Machine And Deep Learning Models For Predicting Water Distillate Rate, Ghada Hamisa

Journal of Engineering Research

Freshwater scarcity has become a critical global challenge due to rapid population growth and environmental pollution caused by industrial and urban expansion. Solar stills offer a sustainable solution by desalinating impure water using solar energy, making them valuable for domestic, industrial, and academic applications. However, traditional methods for optimizing solar still performance face significant limitations, including time-consuming experimental data collection, computational inaccuracies, and high development costs. To address these challenges, this study leverages machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to predict the distilled water production rate of solar stills before physical construction or modification. A heat pump solar …

Structural Performance Of Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls, Eyad Ayman Bakry, M. F. Hassanein, Ayman Seleemah

Journal of Engineering Research

Abstract- Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls (CoSW) represent a groundbreaking advancement in structural engineering, providing exceptional seismic resilience, energy dissipation, and lateral stiffness compared to traditional flat steel plate shear walls. This paper offers a comprehensive review of CoSW performance under various conditions, including cyclic and seismic loads, with a focus on enhancing geometric configurations and reinforcement techniques. Key innovations such as enhanced corrugation angles, stiffener integration, and strategically designed openings are discussed. Recent progress in computational modeling and experimental validation has further refined design methodologies, ensuring their practical applicability. The review highlights that critical parameters such as corrugation depth, …

Numerical Investigation Of Thermal Effects On Concrete Bridges: Insights From Frame And Shell Modeling, Mohamed Ibrahim Metwally Dr., Mohamed A. El Zareef Prof.

Journal of Engineering Research

Bridges are essential structural components of transportation networks, and their performance is significantly influenced by temperature variations. Thermal expansion and contraction can induce stresses that affect structural stability, necessitating accurate modeling techniques for design and maintenance. This study investigates the thermal behavior of a three-span continuous box girder bridge using two different numerical modeling approaches: the Frame Element model and the Shell Element model. The research evaluates the effects of uniform temperature conditions (20°C) and a temperature gradient of ±5°C, focusing on bending moments, normal forces, and fiber stresses. Results indicate that the Shell Element model predicts bending moments and …

Finite Element Modeling Of Newly Developed Cold-Formed Hollow Flanged Z-Beams, Mohammed Ahmed Diab, Mohamed Saeed Refaey, Hanan Eltobgy

Journal of Engineering Research

Cold-formed hollow flanged sections (CFHFS) are considered an innovative advancement in cold-formed steel design. These sections offer large lateral torsional rigidity over the open cold-formed section resulting in enhanced flexural capacity. This paper introduces a numerical study on the section moment capacity of newly developed cold-formed hollow flanged Z-beams (CFHFZBs). CFHFZBs can be easily constructed in the Egyptian market by welding an industrially available main Z-element to two secondary Z-elements to form the hollow flange. This paper presents the finite element modeling of sixteen CFHFZBs in a four-point bending arrangement using ABAQUS software. To obtain verified finite element models (FEMs), …

Reduction Of Volatile Acidity Of Grape Wines By Immobilized Lipase, Azamhon Kh. Khasanov, Barno A. Abdullaeva, Xasan T. Khasanov

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this work is to study the enzymatic transformation of acetic acid into ethyl acetate by immobilized lipases of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus UzLT-1 obtained on the basis of silica gel and phosphatidylethanolamine to reduce the content of volatile acids in grape wines. In the work, a preparation of lipase from the fungus Rhizopus microspores was used. Lipolytic activity was measured by photocolorimetric method using rhodamine 6G as a chromophore agent. The catalytic property of lipolytic enzymes from the fungus Rh.microsporus immobilized on the surface of silica gel coated with polyamides and modified cephalin in aqueous-alcoholic media was …

Synthesis And Radical Polymerization Of N,N-Diallyl Phthalimide, Oytura S. Maksumova, Feruza A. Pulatova, Dilnozakhon I. Tursunova, Feruza A. Makhmudova

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

The aim of this work is the synthesis of iodine N,N-diallylphthalimide and the study of its radical polymerization. In this regard, the synthesis of iodine N,N-diallylphthalimide was carried out in two stages: at the first stage, phthalic anhydride reacts with allylamine and forms allyl phthalimide, at the second stage, allyl phthalimide reacts with allyl iodide to form iodine N, N-diallyl phthalimide. Radical polymerization of the synthesized quaternary salt of N, N-diallyl phthalimide was studied in the presence of the initiator dinitrile azobisisobutyric acid at relatively low temperatures. Kinetic features of the polymerization reaction of iodine N, N-diallyl phthalimide were considered. …