Engineering Commons^™

An Iot Based Worker Safety Helmet Using Cloud Computing Technology, Yuthriya Iddi Khamis, Mahmoud Alawi, Waheed Muhammad Sanya

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Miner safety and security is a major challenge around the world due to the exposure to toxic gases that are frequently released in underground mines. Miners' health is adversely affected primarily by toxic gases, which endanger the workers' lives. Furthermore, human sensory abilities do not detect these dangerous gases. As a result, this paper proposes a safety monitoring system that includes a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and gas sensors to detect harmful gases and alert miners to those harmful gases using the smart helmet they wear. These gases are transmitted to the control station via the cloud using Internet of …

Reducing Leakage Current And Enhancing Polarization In Multiferroic 3d Super-Nanocomposites By Microstructure Engineering, Erik Enriquez, Ping Lu, Leigang Li, Bruce Zhang, Haiyan Wang, Quanxi Jia, Aiping Chen

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Multiferroic materials have generated great interest due to their potential as functional device materials. Nanocomposites have been increasingly used to design and generate new functionalities by pairing dissimilar ferroic materials, though the combination often introduces new complexity and challenges unforeseeable in single-phase counterparts. The recently developed approaches to fabricate 3D super-nanocomposites (3D‐sNC) open new avenues to control and enhance functional properties. In this work, we develop a new 3D‐sNC with CoFe2O4 (CFO) short nanopillar arrays embedded in BaTiO3 (BTO) film matrix via microstructure engineering by alternatively depositing BTO:CFO vertically-aligned nanocomposite layers and single-phase BTO layers. This microstructure engineering method allows …

The Corona-To-Spark Transition And Its Dependence On Electric Field Non-Uniformity, David O. Smith

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The corona to spark transition is an important part of understanding gaseous breakdown in non-uniform fields. The degree of uniformity in the geometry determines both the onset of corona as well as the eventual spark transition. In a highly non-uniform geometry, the onset of corona precedes the development of a spark. However, in weakly non-uniform fields, corona is unable to form before it transitions into a spark. The degree of non-uniformity at which this transition occurs is known as the corona point.

An experimental setup using the point electrodes allows precise changes in field uniformity, characterizing the corona point in …

A Study On Electromagnetic Topology Optimization Using Binary Particle Swarm Algorithm, Mohammad Sazzad Hossain

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Topology optimization is a state-of-the-art tool for detecting the best material layout in a physical space to obtain certain goals. Initially developed as a structural engineering tool, it has been recently used in electromagnetics and has shown immense potential. The aim of this work is to build a framework for applying the topology optimization method in electromagnetics using a modified binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) algorithm. In this thesis, a very classic problem of coax to waveguide transition has been considered, and a novel solution has been given using topology optimization. The steps to implementing topology optimization using BPSO have …

Stochastic Optimal Shared Control With Non-Gaussian Processes, Paul Onor

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In this paper, we propose an approach for shared control of a planar quadrotor that allows for non-Gaussian disturbance in the model and non-Gaussian variation in the pilot's control actions. We do this by constructing empirical characteristic functions for the state, inputs, and disturbance using demonstrations by a human expert. These are then used to make predictions of future states and of the system disturbance, using the first and second moments of the empirical characteristic function to estimate the mean and variance of these processes. With this method, we can extend assumptions from additive white Gaussian noise to any real-valued …

A Stochastic Spectrum Trading And Resource Allocation Framework For Opportunistic Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Mohamed Abdelraheem, Mohammad Mahmoud Abdellatif

Electrical Engineering

In this article, the spectrum trading problem between primary users and secondary networks is investigated. The secondary network requests multiple channels with the targeted availability to satisfy its users’ demands. Due to the uncertainty about the channels availability, stochastic optimization techniques are adopted to find the optimal set of channels for each secondary network for the lowest cost. Two different constraints on the secondary demand are defined. The first one is when the throughput has to be fully satisfied for a certain percentage of time, and the second one is when the expected value of the throughput has to exceed …

Etiology Of Breast Development And Asymmetry, Elisabeth N. Adkins, Shaina Anderson, Trevor Mckoy, Nakachi Maduka, Tarun Goswami

Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering Faculty Publications

Etiology of breast development and asymmetry is a fascinating research topic physiologically as well as pathophysiology from a certain condition. The shape, contour, and size of the breast are unique to each female. These factors are influenced by genetics, weight, exercise, menstruation cycles, pregnancy, menopause status, and age. An attempt was made to research the breast development at fetal development and transitioning into adulthood and menopause. Additionally, we compare breast development in males to the developments in females. Although breast asymmetry is experienced by all women, it ranges from grossly undetectable to the need for surgical intervention. It is thought …

Predicting Tensile Strength For Prestressed Reinforced Concrete-Driven Piles, Thuyet N. Nguyen, Thang Pham, Thuy Vu, Adnan A. Malik, Duc N. Dinh

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Reinforced concrete piles installed by impact hammers have been used as a common solution for deep foundations because they are cost effective and require less time for construction. Driven piles are often used in large volumes for infrastructure and industrial projects in rural areas. Unlike other installation methods, installing piles using impact hammers can generate tensile stress during construction, which can result in pile failures. Induced tensile stress occurs when piles are being driven through a hard soil layer to a softer soil layer, and transverse cracks happen when induced tensile stress exceeds the pile tensile strength. This issue is …

Permeability And Porosity Of Loose Granular Salt, Evan J. Babcock

Civil Engineering ETDs

In this study, permeability and porosity measurements are made and reported for loose granular salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Measurements are made on a particularly wide range of particle sizes of this salt in a permeameter constructed large enough to fit and represent mixtures containing salt particles up to 25.4 cm in size. Salt samples with different particle size distributions are constructed and tested at varying levels of consolidation due to induced vibrations. Permeability measurements are made at a varying range of porosities for a given sample. Measurements are also compared with a predictive model for permeability …

Development Of A Programmable, Open-Source, And Cost-Effective Fluidic System For Cell Culture Applications, Charles Montoya

Biomedical Engineering ETDs

Open-source laboratory equipment has become an increasingly popular alternative to commercially available options due to its simple implementation, capability of user-customized modifications, and cost-effectiveness. Presented here is the development of a programmable and open-source fluidic system comprised of three custom-built syringe pumps for cell culture applications. The fluidic system was directly integrated with a multiwell plate on an environmentally controlled microscope platform for live-cell imaging and time-lapse analyses of cellular responses as culture conditions are adjusted using the programmable fluidic system. Proof-of-concept of this system is obtained by controlling autophagic activity in A549 cells by adjustment of nutrient supply. The …

Measured Spectral, Directional Radiative Behavior Of Corrugated Surfaces, Kyle S. Meaker

Theses and Dissertations

Spacecraft thermal control is entirely reliant upon radiative heat transfer for temperature regulation. Current methods are often static in nature and do not provide dynamic control of radiative heat transfer. As a result, modern spacecraft thermal control systems are typically 'cold-biased' with radiators that are larger than necessary for many operating conditions. Deploying a variable radiator as a thermal control technique in which the projected surface area can be adjusted to provide the appropriate heat loss for a given condition can reduce unnecessary heat rejection and reduce power requirements. However, the radiative behavior of the apparent surface representing the expanding/collapsing …

Chemical Toxicants In Water: A Geohealth Perspective In The Context Of Climate Change, Naveen Joseph, Tate Libunao, Elizabeth Herrmann, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Catherine R. Propper, Jesse E. Bell, Alan S. Kolok

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

The editorial focuses on four major themes contextualized in a virtual GeoHealth workshop that occurred from June 14 to 16, 2021. Topics in that workshop included drinking water and chronic chemical exposure, environmental injustice, public health and drinking water policy, and the fate, transport, and human impact of aqueous contaminants in the context of climate change. The intent of the workshop was to further define the field of GeoHealth. This workshop emphasized on chemical toxicants that drive human health. The major calls for action emerged from the workshop include enhancing community engagement, advocating for equity and justice, and training …

Applications Of Stretching Technique And Time Window Effects On Ultrasonic Velocity Monitoring In Concrete, Bibo Zhong, Jinying Zhu

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Coda wave interferometry (CWI) has been used to measure the relative wave-velocity change (dV/V) caused by small changes in materials. This study uses the stretching processing technique which has been used for CWI analysis to investigate velocity changes of direct longitudinal (P) wave, direct shear (S) wave, and coda wave in concrete by choosing different time windows of ultrasonic signals. It is found that the obtained wave-velocity change depends on the time window position, because the relative contribution of P wave and S wave is different in each signal window. This paper presents three experimental scenarios of velocity …

The Effects Of A Power Iteration-Based K-Eigenvalue Solver For Various Subcritical Parameters And Calculations, Daniel H. Timmons

Nuclear Engineering ETDs

The need to simulate subcritical benchmark parameters quickly and accurately is becoming increasing important. When using Monte Carlo methods this is traditionally done using a fixed-source calculation where a particle and its progeny are tracked until their removal from the system. This method can be slow for near critical systems. The use of a k-eigenvalue solver could reduce the computational footprint and reduce the need to post process data.

This is done for four parameters from the ICSBEP benchmark values: R_1 , R_2 , M_L, and M_eff. These parameters are calculated in two new distinct ways. First, is directly …

The Business Of Moving A Library, Gabriele Hysong

Midwest Business Librarian Summit (MBLS)

No abstract provided.

Octopus-Inspired Adhesive Skins For Intelligent And Rapidly Switchable Underwater Adhesion, Sean T. Frey, A. B. M. Tahidul Haque, Ravi Tutika, Elizabeth V. Krotz, Chanhong Lee, Cole B. Haverkamp, Eric J. Markvicka, Michael D. Bartlett

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The octopus couples controllable adhesives with intricately embedded sensing, processing, and control to manipulate underwater objects. Current synthetic adhesive–based manipulators are typically manually operated without sensing or control and can be slow to activate and release adhesion, which limits system-level manipulation. Here, we couple switchable, octopus-inspired adhesives with embedded sensing, processing, and control for robust underwater manipulation. Adhesion strength is switched over 450× from the ON to OFF state in <50 ms over many cycles with an actively controlled membrane. Systematic design of adhesive geometry enables adherence to nonideal surfaces with low preload and independent control of adhesive strength and adhesive toughness for strong and reliable attachment and easy release. Our bio-inspired nervous system detects objects and autonomously triggers the switchable adhesives. This is implemented into a wearable glove where an array of adhesives and sensors creates a biomimetic adhesive skin to manipulate diverse underwater objects.

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Of Reynolds And Dispersive Stresses In Turbulent Boundary Layers Over Multi-Scale Rough Patches, Catherine Virginia Spivey

Dissertations and Theses

Multi-scale rough patches are present in topologies such as urban canopies (cities) and natural landscapes (forests, ocean floors). The flow over such canopies is three-dimensional, with turbulent structures known as secondary flows present in the boundary layer due to the difference in rough surface heterogeneities. Three dimensional instantaneous velocities are analyzed within the roughness sublayer over three generations of multi-scale rough patches at nine vertical planes using particle image velocimetry obtained experimentally. The secondary structures present in the flow are identified in the form of Reynolds and dispersive fluctuations. Proper orthogonal decomposition is employed to characterize the imprint of the …

Optimised Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Using Adjoint Guided Mesh Adaptivity Applied To Neutron Detector Response Calculations, Andrew G. Buchan, Dan Gabriel Cacuci, Steven Dargaville, Christopher C. Pain

Faculty Publications

This article presents a new approach for the efficient calculation of sensitivities in radiation dose estimates, subject to imprecisely known nuclear material cross-section data. The method is a combined application of adjoint-based models to perform, simultaneously, both the sensitivity calculation together with optimal adaptive mesh refinement. Adjoint-based sensitivity methods are known for their efficiency since they enable sensitivities of all parameters to be formed through only two solutions to the problem. However, the efficient solutions can also be obtained by their computation on optimal meshes, here guided by goal-based adjoint approaches. It is shown that both mesh adaptivity and sensitivity …

A Distributed Trust Model Simulator For Energy Grid Of Things Distributed Energy Resource Management System, Abdullah Barghouti

Dissertations and Theses

The evolution of networks into more distributed, self-reliant nodes has mitigated single-point failures that plagued traditional centralized networks. Applied to power grids, distributed systems can increase the integrity and availability of grid services while also offering a power management solution. However, while distributed networks provide scalability, security, and sustainability compared to centralized networks, their distributed nature makes them harder for anomaly detection and prevention. Incorporating a Distributed Trust Model (DTM) System into an Energy Grid of Things Distributed Energy Resource Management System (EGOT DERMS) allows grid participants to be characterized and their communication to be analyzed for possible attacks. A …

Revealing Driver Psychophysiological Response To Emergency Braking In Distracted Driving Based On Field Experiments, Ying Li, Li Zhao, Kun Gao, Yisheng An, Jelena Andric

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to characterize distracted driving by quantifying the response time and response intensity to an emergency stop using the driver’s physiological states.

Design/methodology/approach – Field tests with 17 participants were conducted in the connected and automated vehicle test field. All participants were required to prioritize their primary driving tasks while a secondary nondriving task was asked to be executed. Demographic data, vehicle trajectory data and various physiological data were recorded through a biosignalsplux signal data acquisition toolkit, such as electrocardiograph for heart rate, electromyography for muscle strength, electrodermal activity for skin conductance and …

An Acoustofluidic Scanning Nanoscope Using Enhanced Image Stacking And Processing, Geonsoo Jin, Joseph Rich, Jianping Xia, Albert J. He, Chenglong Zhao, Tony Jun Huang

Faculty Publications

Nanoscale optical resolution with a large field of view is a critical feature for many research and industry areas, such as semiconductor fabrication, biomedical imaging, and nanoscale material identification. Several scanning microscopes have been developed to resolve the inverse relationship between the resolution and field of view; however, those scanning microscopes still rely upon fluorescence labeling and complex optical systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope with a seamless image merging algorithm (alpha-blending process). This design allows us to precisely image both the sample and the microspheres simultaneously and accurately track the particle path and location. …

Tensile Testing Of 3d Printed Tpu Samples For Pediatric Biomaterial Applications, Sheridan C. Perry, Rodriguez M. Rafael, Victor Huayamave, Bryan M. Gonzalez, Kim Dae-Won, Zachary R. Nadeau

PanaSoMM

Additive Manufacturing (AM) has, in recent years, become one of the most widespread and preferred prototyping methods. The most popular additive manufacturing method is Fused Deposition Modeling. FDM’s popularity is primarily attributed to its 3 major strengths of rapid prototyping, variability in material choice, and subject specific nature. The medical industry is one of the larger industries that has benefited from 3D printing especially in the terms of medical trainers. Unfortunately, most medical trainers that are developed (either being 3d printed or through traditional manufacturing processes) are poor substitutes for the human body. This can be attributed to either a …

Statistical Shape Model (Ssm) Of Infant Femurs And The Relationship With Severity Of Hip Dysplasia, Tamara Chambers, Penny Atkins, Victor Huayamave, Andrew Anderson, Charles Price

PanaSoMM

The objective is to assess the morphology of infant femurs using a statistical shape model (SSM). The Ortolani collection is used in this study and consists of untreated infant cadaveric specimens with both healthy and dysplastic hips. Computed Tomography (CT) scans of 4 of the 14 specimens in the collection were taken at the University of Padua. Manual and semi-automatic segmentation techniques were used to reconstruct the 2D slices of femurs and generate 3D surface models. The SSM model of the infant femurs will be developed using an open-source software called ShapeWorks developed by the University of Utah. The SSM …

Introducing Modeling To First-Year Engineering Students For Effective Implementation In The Engineering Design Process, Carolina Barriento, Juan F. Granizo

PanaSoMM

Introducing Modeling to First-Year Engineering Students for Effective Implementation in the Engineering Design Process

Carolina Barriento and Juan Francisco Granizo

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Abstract

Modeling and Simulation are fundamental skills for all engineering students [1]. However, students are usually introduced to these concepts during their junior or even as late as their senior year. Our research aims at familiarizing students with Modeling and Simulation tools in their first year of engineering studies. We consider the fact that proper learning involves using long-term memory (in contrast with working memory) and this is accomplished by the gradual introduction and practice of the …

Incorporation Of Trajectory Behaviors In The Vicinities Of Different Planetary Moons Using Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent Maps, David Canales Garcia, Kathleen C. Howell, Elena Fantino

PanaSoMM

There is an increasing interest in future space missions devoted to the exploration of key moons in the Solar system. These many different missions may involve libration point orbits as well as trajectories that satisfy different endgames in the vicinities of the moons. To this end, an efficient design strategy to produce low-energy transfers between the vicinities of adjacent moons of a planetary system is introduced that leverages the dynamics in these multi-body systems. Such a design strategy is denoted as the moon-to-moon analytical transfer (MMAT) method. It consists of a general methodology for transfer design between the vicinities of …

Combination Of Statistical Shape Modeling And Statistical Parametric Mapping To Quantify Cartilage Contact Mechanics In Hip Dysplasia, Penny R. Atkins Phd, Shireen Y. Elhabian Phd, Jeffrey A. Weiss Phd, Ross T. Whitaker Phd, Christopher L. Peters Md, Andrew E. Anderson Phd

PanaSoMM

Finite element models can predict subject-specific chondrolabral stresses and help to elucidate the effect of under-coverage and incongruency of the hip joint in patients with dysplasia. However, complex stress patterns are difficult to generalize and evaluate statistically. With an established correspondence across shapes from statistical shape modeling (SSM), statistical parametric mapping (SPM) allows for evaluation of local variability while preserving model subject-specificity. Herein, we evaluated the combined application of SSM and SPM to compare cartilage contact stress between control subjects and patients with dysplasia.

Previously published hip joint contact stresses were mapped onto chondrolabral surface meshes and incorporated into an …

Application Of Statistical Shape Modeling To Predict Clinical Metric Of Femoral Head Coverage In Patients With Developmental Dysplasia, Penny R. Atkins Phd, Praful Agrawal Phd, Joseph D. Mozingo Phd, Keisuke Uemura Md, Phd, Kunihiko Tokunaga Md, Christopher L. Peters Md, Shireen Y. Elhabian Phd, Ross T. Whitaker Phd, Andrew E. Anderson Phd

PanaSoMM

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is described as under-coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum, resulting in mechanical instability. Though DDH is often diagnosed using plain film radiographs, these images cannot adequately capture 3D joint coverage. Herein, we applied a 3D statistical shape model (SSM) to the femur and hemi-pelvis of patients with DDH to objectively measure shape variation and evaluated whether SSM outputs could predict measurements of joint coverage.

The femur and hemi-pelvis were semi-automatically segmented from CT images (83 hips from 47 females with DDH). Surfaces of each hip were reconstructed from segmentations, aligned, and input …

Ci Asteroid Regolith As An In Situ Plant Growth Medium For Space Crop Production, Steven J. Russell, Sherry Fieber-Beyer, Kathryn A. Yurkonis

Biology Faculty Publications

Human expansion into the solar system is currently at the forefront of space research. For our astronauts to survive, they will need to be fed a healthy and nutritious diet on a consistent basis. Right now, our current method of feeding astronauts consists of resupplied prepackaged food from Earth, which is unsustainable for long-term missions. Using planetary resources via in situ resource utilization to grow crops is the next step toward sustainability in space. Asteroids are an abundant space resource and should not be overlooked when considering crewed missions. In particular, the primordial CI carbonaceous asteroids are of interest because …

A Pilot Study On The Nanoscale Properties Of Bone Tissue Near Lacunae In Fracturing Women, Wen Qian, Roman Schmidt, Joseph A. Turner, Sue P. Bare, Joan M. Lappe, Robert R. Recker, Mohammed P. Akhter

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Faculty Publications

The goal of this study is to investigate the causes of osteoporosis-related skeletal fragility in postmenopausal women. We hypothesize that bone fragility in these individuals is largely due to mineral, and/or intrinsic material properties in the osteocyte lacunar/peri-lacunar regions of bone tissue. Innovative measurements with nanoscale resolution, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), an atomic force microscope that is integrated with infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), and nanoindentation, were used to characterize osteocyte lacunar and peri-lacunar properties in bone biopsies from fracturing (Cases) and matched (Age, BMD), non-fracturing (Controls) postmenopausal healthy women. In the peri-lacunar space, the nanoindentation results show that the modulus …

Development Of A Configurable Derms Test System In Gridapps-D, Sean James Keene

Dissertations and Theses

Distributed Energy Resources and their increased penetration within the power grid are a suitable method to provide essential reliability services. In order to do so, they must operate in aggregate. Aggregation of a wide variety of systems with varying standards and protocols is a complex task, which could benefit from rules and standards to support interoperability. To this end, the Portland State University Power Lab has developed the Energy Grid of Things project, which includes a Distributed Energy Resource Management System to provide aggregation and demonstrate the usage of an Energy Services Interface: a set of rules governing the interface …